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过去分词用法归纳

过去分词用法归纳Mar 7, 2011

过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。

一．状语

情况1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because等。

1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited.

He won’t go to the party, if not invited.

2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent.

When asked about her age, she kept silent.

3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.

Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.

进一步练习:

1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.

Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.

2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils.

Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils.

3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations.

4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice.

Although warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice.

5) When he was dressed in a uniform, he looked more like a cook than a doctor.

Dressed in a uniform, he looked more like a cook than a doctor.

6) Because it is made of plastics, the machine is very light.

Made of plastics, the machine is very light.

7) Because it was written carelessly, your homework is full of mistakes.

Written carelessly, your homework is full of mistakes.

8) Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car in front of him.

Lost in thought, he a lmost ran into a car…

9) Because he was faced with a tough problem, the headmaster was having a hard time.

Faced with a tough problem, the headmaster was having a hard time.

10) Because he is interested in English, he listens to VOA every day.

Interested in English, he listens to VOA every day.

但:

1) Before it is used, the machine must be tested.

= Before being used, the machine must be tested.

2) He was very unhappy after he was punished by his teacher.

=He was very unhappy after being punished by his teacher.

（说明：在第二种句式里before 和after 是介词。）

情况2：过去分词表状态，词形被动，语义不被动。

1)Dressed in red, she looks beautiful.

2)Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

3)Seated at the front of the classroom, he listened carefully to the teacher.

4)Faced with so much trouble, he was not able to finish the work on time.

情况3：表“被动”的并列句，可简化成过去分词做伴随状语。

1) The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by the students.

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.

2) "I didn't do it on purpose," said Harry and he was annoyed.

"I didn't do it on purpose," said Harry, annoyed.

3) The man went to bed drunk.

The man went to bed and he was drunk.

进一步练习：

1) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home and he was exhausted.

After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted. (04 上海)

高考题：

1）________ by the question, the speaker didn’t know what to say.

A. Having shocked

B. Shocked

C. Shocking

D. Be shocked （B ）

2) No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷)

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed ( A )

3) _____ last month, the book is ready for printing.

A. Completed

B. Being completed

C. Having completed

D. To complete ( A)

4) _____ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06福建)

A. Blaming

B. Blamed

C. To blame

D. To be blamed ( B )

5) _____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (05上海)

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put ( A )

6) When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (04吉林)

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced ( B )

7) _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Given

8) Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (03上海)

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken ( B )

9) When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02上海)

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed ( A )

10) The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (02上海)

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun ( D )

二．定语

过去分词做定语，相当于一个表“被动”的定语从句。

1) Lost time is lost forever.

= Time which is lost is lost forever.

2) There are several programs that are broadcast in English.

= There are several programs broadcast in English.

3) The net bar, which was opened last month, is popular with the middle school students

nearby.

= The net bar, opened last month, is popular with the middle school students nearby.

4) The young lady, who is dressed in white, is my daughter’s English teacher.

= The young lady, dressed in white, is my daughter’s English teacher.

高考难题：

1) --- Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? (2008)

--- No problem.

A. seat

B. sit

C. seated

D. sat （C；seated = who are seated ）

2) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people for the ir contributions to environmental protection.

A. being given

B. is given

C. given

D. was given ( C; given = which is given)

3)There have been several new events (项目) _____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing

Olympic Games. (2006北京卷)

A. add

B. to add

C. adding

D. added ( D )

4）For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ____ on his own farm. (09北京)

A. grown

B. being grown

C. to be grown

D. to grow ( A )

5) The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海)

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded ( A )

6) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, ____ as 3M. (04浙江)

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known ( B )

特殊情况1: 不及物动词的过去分词表“完成”，不表“被动”。

fallen leaves

a developed country

boiled water

the risen sun

a fully-grown boy

a retired worker

a learned man

a drunken man

a faded coat

特殊情况2：过去分词无时间性的情况。

a wounded soldier; spoken English; written English; broken English; a broken heart;

a broken glass；a closed window; respected scientists; experienced travelers; talented journalists;

附加课本原句如下：

1）Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. (Book II Unit 2) 2）Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes, you can take a dip in the pool, work out at the gym or go dancing in one of the city’s many hotels and clubs. (Book II Unit 15)

3）His grave is the richest of any found from that period. (Book II Unit 20)

4）Among the many objects found at Jinsha, one piece, called a cong by ancient Chinese, was not made in Sichuan.

5）Everything found in the man’s grave was probably given to him for his use in the next life. 6）They found a hole filled with more than 400 jade objects.

7）The injustices in the city and in the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. (Book II Unit 16)

8）This phenomenon, sometimes called wanderlust, may explain why people spend so much money on trips to interesting places. (Book II Unit 15)

9）Copacabana, also known as the “Princess of the Sea”, has just celebrated its one hundredth birthday and is more beautiful than ever.

10) The festival, known as Carnival, is one of the world’s most famous and attracts visitors from all over the world.

11) He lives in Beijing and runs a small company based in Zhongguancun together with two friends.(Book II Unit 11)

三．补语

谓语动词是感官动词或使役动词:

1）hear, see, feel, watch, find

2）make, get, have, keep, leave

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_______ the next year.（2000）A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ( C )

四．表语

有一些表示情绪色彩的及物动词，其ing形式说名事物，其ed形式说明人。

interest interesting interested

move moving moved

excite exciting excited

surprise surprising surprised

frighten frightening frightened

terrify terrifying terrified

encourage encouraging encouraged tire tiring tired

inspire inspiring inspired

please pleasing pleased

trouble troubling troubled

satisfy satisfying satisfied For example:

I was moved by the moving story.

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“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下：一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成，例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

(英语)英语一般过去时解析版汇编及解析

（英语）英语一般过去时解析版汇编及解析一、初中英语一般过去时 1．Mr Zhang and his wife _______to the party last Sunday。（） A. invited B. was invited C. were invited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:上周星期天请的张先生和妻子参加晚会。表示上周星期天发生的过去动作，用一般过去时态;主语Mr Zhang and his wife是谓语动词invite的承受者，用被动语态，主语Mr Zhang and his wife表示复数合义。故选C。 2．Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：当会议开始的时候，除了Tom和John没来，每个人都在这。except和besides两者都是“除去”之意，但前者指“但并不包括”，是“排除”之意，后者指“除此之外还有”，是“外加”之意。举例如下：There are six of us besides Tom.除汤姆外，另外还有6人。（一共7人）We all went home except Tom.除汤姆外，我们全回家了。（只有汤姆一人未回家）。谓语动词要看except前面的主语。故选D。【点评】本题考查be动词。以及are、is、were、was四个词的用法和区别。 3．— Where did you go last weekend? — I to the Great Wall. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——上个周末你去哪里了？——我去长城了。A,go一般现在时。B,went一般过去时C,will go一般将来时。D,have gone现在完成时。据时间状语last weekend可知此处用一般过去时，故用动词的过去式went。故选B。【点评】本题考查一般过去时。以及go、went、will go、have gone四种事态的用法和区别。 4．—Have you ever been to South Tower Park? —Yes. I ___________there a few months ago. A. went B. have been C. have gone 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：—你曾经去过南塔公园吗？—是的，几个月前我去那儿了。have been to曾经去过某地；have gone to去某地了；根据a few months ago.可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。【点评】考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语确定合适的动词。

过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

过去分词用法详解及高考链接练习

过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语一、考点、热点回顾过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见课本P104。过去分词作定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面； a broken heart 一颗破碎的心spoken English 英语口语 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳fried chips 炸土豆条 a lost child 丢失的孩子cooked food 熟食 eg：My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 a novel written by Luxun a school built for orphans people addicted to drugs the advice given to the patient eg：Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上周举行的会议。过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。 eg:He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him. 过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：过去分词表示被动或完成；现在分词表示主动或进行。 I.语态上现在分词: 表示主动的动作过去分词: 表示被动的动作 eg: He is the man swimming in the river just now.

【英语】英语专题汇编翻译(一)及解析

【英语】英语专题汇编翻译(一)及解析一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable) _________________________ 4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It) _________________________ 【答案】 1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 【解析】【分析】本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。 1．考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，stay up表示“熬夜”，本句使用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，故翻译为：Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句，表示将来的时间时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，stadium与set up之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，故翻译为：By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”，根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时，故翻译为：In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语，ability to do表示“做……的能力”，根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in

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过去分词用法详解及高考链接练习

【英语】英语专题汇编翻译(一)及解析