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《国际金融新编》第6版名师姜波克讲义与考研真题

《国际金融新编》第6版名师姜波克讲义与考研真题第一章导论

1.1复习笔记

考点一、本书的研究对象

国际金融学是从货币角度研究内部均衡条件下外部平衡实现问题的一门学科。

外部变量：国际收支和汇率。

内部变量：货币供应量和物价水平。

研究方向：内部均衡和外部平衡的相互关系。

研究目标：短期是从货币角度研究总供给与总需求相平衡下外部平衡的实现问题；长期是从货币角度研究经济（可）持续增长前提下外部平衡的实现问题。

考点二、本书的国情基础与研究视角

1中国的经济总量已具有世界影响

到2016年，按国内生产总值衡量，中国经济总规模已跃居全球第二位，对世界有举足轻重的影响，而中国经济的发展也日益离不开世界市场。因此，任何经济政策的出台，不仅要考虑国内的需要，还要考虑维护和珍惜一个公平公正的世界市场环境的需要。

2中国仍然是一个发展中国家

虽然国内生产总值总规模居世界前列，但若就人均来看，中国还排在一个相对靠后的位置。因此，实现外部平衡应当是在我国经济增长条件下的目标，即国内总

供给和总需求相等必须伴随着供给和需求水平的同步提高，国际收支的平衡或可持续必须以国内经济增长为前提，维持外部平衡不能以牺牲经济增长为代价。

3中国的自然资源状况紧张

中国对自然资源的需求较高，因此在对外经济交往中，应当注意本国资源的节约和外国资源的利用。在维持外部平衡时，应当注意进出口产品的结构，采用产业政策、汇率政策等手段引导国内资源的节约和国外资源的利用。

4中国人口众多，年龄结构变化，人口红利逐渐消失

中国人口数量庞大，这一点在成为经济发展重要动力的同时，也会为就业、资源和福利水平的提升带来不小的困难。同时，在未来的几十年内，我国的人口年龄结构将发生变化，适龄劳动力会减少，社会储蓄率也会下降。人口红利的逐步消失，将会对我国未来的经济增长速度、经济增长模式和外部平衡问题产生深刻的影响。

5中国的经济增长方式仍然以外延型增长为主

在过去数十年中，中国经济的增长除依靠高端技术外，更多的是依靠低价使用本国低端技术和自然资源，以及持续投入本国廉价劳动力来实现的，这种增长可被称为外延型经济增长。随着人口红利的逐步消失，劳动力也将逐步变得相对稀缺，加之其他生产资源（要素）还会越来越紧张，长远来看，中国外延性增长的可持续性不容乐观，经济发展应由数量扩张向质量提高转变。现阶段对内部均衡和外部平衡的追求，应当对经济增长方式的转变有所考虑。

6中国的经济发展在很大程度上依赖于对外经济交流

改革开放以来，中国经济的增长和就业水平的提高越来越依赖世界市场，出口部门对我国经济的影响力较大。

考点三、本书的研究方法和逻辑

本书共分为三部分。第一部分以国际收支为切入点，以货币的相对价格即汇率为核心，介绍总供给与总需求相等条件下外部平衡调节的短期调节理论和经济可持续增长条件下外部平衡调节的长期调节理论。第二部分介绍汇率制度选择、外汇直接管制、货币当局的外汇市场干预等政策性内容在外部平衡实现中的作用。第三部分介绍经济全球化条件下国际金融市场对内外均衡的影响，以及金融全球化条件下的国际协调等现实情况。本书的研究逻辑见图1-1：

图1-1本书知识路线图

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In contrast, drugs that block serotonin mediated transmission or that in-teract with neurotransmitters other than serotonin have the opposite effect: they often induce carbo-hydrate craving and subsequent weight gain. People who crave carbohydrates report feeling refreshed and invigorated after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal (which would be expected to increase brain serotonin levels). In contrast, those who do not crave carbohydrates become sleepy following a high-carbohydrate meal. These findings suggest that serotonin has other effects that may be useful indi-cators of serotonin levels in human beings. 1 Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage? (A) The body’s need for carbohydrates varies with the level of serotonin in the blood (B) The body’s use of carbohydrates can be reg u-lated by the administration of serotonin-like drugs (C) The role of serotonin in regulating the con-sumption of carbohydrates is similar in rats and in humans (D) The body’s desire for carbohydrates can be i n-fluenced by serotonin or serotonin-like drugs (E) Tryptophan initiates a chain of events that regu-lates the body’s use of carbohydrates 2 The term “rate” (para.2) refers to the rate at which (A) serotonin is produced from tryptophan (B) carbohydrates are taken into the body (C) carbohydrates stimulate the secretion of insulin (D) insulin facilitates the uptake of amino acids into peripheral tissues (E) tryptophan enters the bloodstream 3 It can be inferred that a person is likely to crave carbohydrates when (A) the amount of insulin produced is too high (B) the amount of serotonin in the brain is too low (C) more tryptophan than usual crosses the blood- brain barrier (D) neurotransmission by neurotransmitters other than serotonin is interrupted (E) amino acids other than tryptophan are taken up by peripheral tissues 4 The information in the passage indicates that if human beings were given a drug that inhibits the action of serotonin, which one of the following might be expected to occur? 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考研英语一复习资料：漫画作文必背模板考研英语(一)冲刺作文背诵资料高分作文必背范文模板编著：王桂星 (二)成功积极要素类一.描述段(套话+描述+套话) Emerging form the drawing is an eye-catching scene/situation, in which _____________________________________________________________________________. Obviously, the character(s) in it is/are doing something thought-stimulating and this will enlighten us persistently. 二、阐释段(正反论证：过渡句+主旨句+总论点+正面论证+反面论证+回到漫画) This picture really sets me thinking. I cannot help associating it with a traditional English saying, “______________ holds the key to success.”With its seemingly magic power, ________________ can not only better accelerate individuals' development, but also serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to improve the world. Those equipped with ________________ are always admired and respected, because _________________ may endow them with more competence, chances, and self-confidence to overcome difficulties and approach challenges. Without _______________, he will be deprived of a chance to taste the bitterness of failure/setbacks/pains, hence, the sweetness of success/achievement. Thus, we should learn from the character in the picture, who _____________________________________________. /(反面论证某种成功品质)Thus, We should take precautions against this undesirable phenomenon depicted in the picture. 阐释段第二种方案(举例论证) Simple and common as the drawing may seem, it contains abundant life philosophy and informs us of the significance of __________. No one can deny the fact that _________ will exert a far-reaching influence on our life and work. ____________ will enable us to achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize our dreams more rapidly. The more _________ we are, the more likely we are to build harmonious relationships and master more resources which are conductive to our success. Quite a few examples can be given to prove the importance of _________. However, I can think of no better illustration than the following one. Without___________, how could Thomas Edison possibly succeed in producing the first electric lamp after thousands of times of failure. Another case in point is Helen Keller: how could she, a disabled woman who was born blind and deaf, finally be a world-renowned writer who wrote If I Had Three Days to See without ________________ to overcome the physical limitations. 三、结论段第一种方案(措施法) From my perspective, on no account should we overlook the significance of ___________. For one thing, a large-scale educational campaign should be launched to inform the public that

考研英语(一)冲刺复习资料：漫画作文必背模板

凯程考研https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9d12339180.html, 历史悠久，专注考研，科学应试，严格管理，成就学员！考研英语(一)冲刺复习资料：漫画作文必背模板考研英语(一)冲刺作文背诵资料高分作文必背范文模板编著：王桂星漫画作文必背模板 (一)消极社会现象类一.描述段(套话+描述+套话) As is vividly/subtly/symbolically/ironically depicted/described/conveyed/revealed in the picture/drawing/cartoon, sb. is/are doing sth. in/at/on sp., V-ing(状语) . There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration. 二.阐释段 1.观点法——适用于青少年身上存在的消极现象(论点+四个分论点) People’s opinions differ greatly on this matter. Some believe that______________________________________________________________________. (第一个观点反映主旨) Others argue thatyoungsters should be given freedom, whereby they will become more creative and imaginative. Still others maintain that youngsters should be encouraged to show their individuality, as a result of which they will become more confident. (第二三个观点反驳第一个观点)Personally I take it as something unacceptable because the young generation holds the key to C hina’s future, which will certainly become gloomy if all youths behave in this way. 2.因果法—青少年身上存在的消极现象(过渡句+主旨句+论点句+3个分论点) This picture is really a thought-stimulating thought-feast, for it does provide much food for my thought. It is a mirror, reflecting that_______________________________________. Maybe the contributing factors can be listed as follows. Firstly, schools do not attach much importance to __________, lacking in relevant propaganda and educational campaigns. Secondly, parents just focus on the academic performance of their children, hardly conscious of the significance of__________. Last but not least, some youngsters are increasingly influenced by liberal ideas and indulged in pursuing individuality, hence, become more indifferent to __________. 3.因果法—普遍消极社会现象(人人有责)：(过渡句+主旨句+论点句+3个分论点) This picture is really a thought-stimulating thought-feast, for it does provide much food for