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2000英语专八阅读翻译texta

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但是如果语言习惯不代表社会阶级，社会阶层的形成就像“贵族”和“平民”，那样成为过去，语言习惯当然还用于区分不同的社会团体，这是语言运用中的基本部分。与政治运动和国家运动相比，可以看出语言被当作标志或障碍来使用，这取决于我们如何看待它。学校里新来的学生没有感受到这点，因为他不知道如何用适当的词来表达事物，六、七个让人敬畏的学者轻视他，因为他没有意识到racksy的意思是“荒废的”，hairy的意思是“发出第一个球”。矿工会在游客或新手面前感到自豪，后者会将笼子称为“lift”，认为那些在温暖的矿层工作的人穿着“内裤”，实际上每个人都应该知道衣服叫hoggers。这些“知情者”很少因为他们的语言将自己与“局外人”区分开来而感到不快。除了在不同团体、行业和职业中有这些特别术语外，有各种各样的更正标准，大多数人或多或少被迫采纳，因为我们知道某些英语会惹怒别人，招致直截了当的批评。另一方面，我们知道其他某些英语具有某种威信，带着受欢迎的标识。

涉及到语言的社会层面，可以把说英语者分成三类：自信者、焦虑者、冷漠者。在这一分类最后，我们有那些“职位”和“地位”的人，他们认为自己不必过多担心自己的英语。他们的教育和职业背景让他们自信自己说着无懈可击的英语：不担心受到批评，被更正，这让他们通常都是在无意识的状态下说英文，自然流畅，经常遭到妒忌。

在分类的另一端有着同样冷静的一群人，以类似的从容说着英文，这是因为即使他们意识到自己的英语招致批评，也全然不顾。在这个世界上，Mrs．Mops 的头脑里有伶牙俐齿，如果我们碰巧不喜欢他们说话的方式，我们可以“忍受它。”那就是他们的态度。很奇怪的是，作家们倾向于为这两类极端的人说话，他们用in代替ing。一方面说We're goin' huntin'，my dear sir，另一方面说We're goin’racin’，mate。

按照这种分类，这两类人之间的一类“焦虑者”就远不是那么幸运了。他们急于严禁自己说自认不好的英语，勤勤恳恳地练习他们希望的好英语。他们生活在对语法、发音、词汇选择的某种焦虑中：敏感，害怕词不达意。衡量是否跟上与自己地位相等人的标准不仅是房子、家具、冰箱、汽车、衣服，还有语言。

焦虑者的不幸不仅在于要承受内心的焦虑，还要承受来自“自信者”和“冷漠者”公开的或含沙射影的鄙视。

嘲笑焦虑者太容易了。这些人穿着不舒服的语言高跟鞋，他们通常从许多方面看来都是社会中最值得羡慕的人：有雄心壮志的、紧张的、有自我驱动力的人，他们专心于“去各种地方，做各种工作。”对于这类人来说更大的遗憾在于他们在语言方面花费很多的精力，其结果常常听起来是造作和荒唐的。培根说：“当

人们学习词汇不是事物时这是学习上的第一个失误…对我来说，皮格马利翁的狂怒似乎有好的寓意…源自虚荣：关注词汇，不关注事物本身；文字除了有自身存在及产生的理由外，喜爱它们就像喜爱一幅画一样。”

英语专八翻译

一、The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already. 译文：然而,这位老先生看起来心情非常愉快;显然他对这两位陌生人很感兴趣，并愿意与他们结交.在热心的服务生的帮助下,他们很快相识了;短暂的交谈之后，老人便邀请他们去他城墙外不远的别墅与花园做客. 于是次日下午，夕阳西落,从开启的门窗轻轻瞥去,他们看到,兰色暗影已渐渐笼罩棕褐的山峦，他们便欣然动身。那里很平常,矗立着一座现代化小型别墅座，表面粉刷了一层灰泥。还有一座铺满鹅卵石的花园，园里石砌水池中有几尾金鱼慵懒地游动。靠墙的地方有一尊守猎女神及其猎犬的雕像。但是使这小园生辉的是一颗巨大的玫瑰树。树已长过屋顶，几乎完全遮住了窗户。空气中满是玫瑰的芳香。这株玫瑰的确不错，听了客人夸奖，伯爵得意地说。他还表示非常乐意把树的来历讲给夫人听。于是他们坐在那里，一边饮酒，一边听他以老年人满不在乎神情，愉快地提及他的那一段往日爱情，仿佛他相信他们对此一定早有耳闻二、We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. 参考译文：

2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总

05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

考博英语翻译笔记整理版(唐静主讲)

2010考研翻译笔记（主讲：唐静）一、考研翻译的三大基本问题（一）考研翻译的解题“奥秘” 做真题，而不是看翻译做翻译＝写汉字（二）考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试容 1、题型 ①大的方面：主观题——汉字书写工整 ②小的方面：阅读题没有必要通读全文有些情况下，需要阅读划线句子的上下文划线句子有代词，需要读上下文 2、命题原则 ①体裁偏向学术文献，比较抽象 ②题材偏向文科领域（1998年理科的） ③划线的句子长30个字左右，为长难句 3、考试容=考点 1）考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释（1）专有名词人名、地名、国家名称、术语、组织机构名称（2）专业术语 Big Bang大爆炸理论 inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论（3）学科术语 anthropoloist人类学家 anthropological人类学的 inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论 SARS非典（4）词组 as……as by means of home appliances家用电器die out灭绝（5）多义词： school 学派before以前serve起作用 life 生命、生活（6）熟词生义 set （成套）设备；集、集合 offend 冒犯；排污超标；污染超标particle 粒子（7）生词：超纲词 2）考察一般性翻译技巧，包括词序调整、词义选择 A、词序调整：即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序 46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视也许以前没有像在最近欧洲事件中起如此重大的作用。例如：I studied very hard in the classroom at 6 every morning. 我每天早晨六点钟在教室认真学习。 B、词义选择：即选择一个单词的意思来翻译，解决单词问题（单词不认识怎么办）词义选择的方法： a、分析词根、词缀 multimedia 多媒体，传媒determinism 决定论methodology 方法论anthropological 人类学的 b、分析上下文来翻译： ①借生词的上下文来造句人类有能力______环境（改造/征服/适应）Television is one of the meas.（电视是一种工具/方式/媒介）②借助上下文或根据汉语习惯做同义替换 aspect方面 P1-74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. deal with 处理，解决aspect在这里为“问题” P10-50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” 处理挑战？deal with在这里为“应对/解决” 在应对（面对/解决）如此大规模的挑战的时候，… P1-74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 优雅的系统？elegant“完善的、完美的、优良的”3）考察具体句型的翻译包括定语从句、状语从句、被动结构（三）考研翻译的方法直译为主，适当意译直译不等于死译考研翻译的标准和步骤： 1、标准：准确、通顺、完整；严复：信、达、雅傅雷：神似；钱钟书：化境 2、衡量的方式：读 3、翻译步骤：第一步：通读全句、查找连接第二步：分析成分、划分意群第三步：选择词义、表达贴切第四步：适当调整、书写译文考研翻译步骤例题：P7 61）One difficulty is that / almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to / states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature ,and so on. 第一步：通读全句、查找连接第二步：分析全句，划分译群主语：one difficulty 谓语：is that引导的表语从句从句的主语：almost all of what is called behavioral science（被动）谓语：continues 第一个to：不定式的符号第二个to：介词的符号，后接名词4个名词：states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature作并列宾语第三步：选择词义表达 1、one 一个difficulty 困难is 是that almost 几乎all 所有what is called 被称之为behavioral science 行为科学continue 继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 到states of mind 心理状态feelings感觉、感情、情感character 性格train 特征human 人类nature大自然；本性and so on 等等第四步：适当调整、书写译文 2、one 一个difficulty 困难is 是→在于that almost 几乎all 所有what is called 被称之为→所谓的behavioral science 行为科学……（不通顺） 3、one 一个 is 是→在于that almost 几乎what is called 被称之为→所谓的行为科学……（不通顺） 4、将all放在behavioral science 后：一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都（加上）continue继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 到……（不对劲） 5、第二个to 到换为根据：一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都continue继续trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪behavior 行为第二个to 根据……（还不对劲） 6、第二个to 根据放到trace跟踪前：一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都根据心理状态情感性

英语专八翻译及答案

1999年：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干）the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现）by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子）(or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的）significance of children to the very institution（结构）of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使…有效）its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather（增加、集合）the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一）available, at least in principle, for （获得）security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance（生计）and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）. 【参考答案】另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。

2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析

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