高三英语常用动词短语辨析

高三英语常用动词短语辨析

高三英语组朱冰松

1．break:

①break away (from）突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来，脱离；改掉（旧习惯），破除（旧作法）: The thief broke away from the policeman.／He broke away from all his old friends．

②break down（机器、车辆等）坏了；(计划、谈判等)失败；（谈话、通信等）中断；（身体）垮了；感情失去控制：The car broke down after an hour 's driving．/She broke down as she was singing．/When she heard the news , she broke down and cried．

③break in 突然进来，闯进；插嘴，打岔（不及物）:He broke in and stole my money/The secretary broke into say that a telegram had just arrived．

④break into 闯进；突然…起来；打断，插嘴（及物）:The thieves planned to break into

a bank./He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning／Hearing the news , she broke into tears．

⑤break out （火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发（不及物）:Influenza usually breaks out in winter．

2，bring:

bring about 产生，导致bring out使显现出bring to使恢复知觉bring down降低，打倒bring back带回来，使恢复（记忆/健康）bring up抚育bring on促进，引起bring in引进，带来

3 . Call

call off 取消call on/upon 访问（某人）call for 要求call back 回话call at 拜访某地call in 召集call on sb to do 号召。。。干call up召集，动员；打电话；使人想起

4. Carry

carry away运走，冲昏头脑carry on继续carry out 贯彻

carry off 夺取（生命），夺得（奖牌）carry through 达到（目的），贯彻（计划）5．Clear:

①表示“（天气）转晴”，通常不及物：The storm was over，and the sky cleared(up).

②引申义表示“使（变得）清楚明白”、“使（变得）开朗或清醒”：Her face cleared as she heard my explanation. 听了我的解释后，她的表情开朗了。/The cold shower cleared his head. 6．Come:

①come about（某情况）发生（不及物）：Tell me how the accident came about.有时用it 作形式主语（其后跟从句）: How does it come about that he is always so busy？

②come across（偶然）发现或遇见（及物，但不用于被动语态）：I came across his name on the list．与该短语同义的有come upon / on：|| come upon [on]有时还表示“出现”或“降临”：An idea came upon him．/Spring has come upon us．春到人间。/A misfortune came upon him.

③Come on．在口语中经常用：

a)表示请求、鼓励、劝说等，意为“来吧”、“行啦”：Come on, Lucy , Don’t be so shy.

b）催促某人，意为“快点”：Come o n , it’s getting dark. 快点，天要黑了。

c）表示责备或不耐烦，意为“得啦”、“行啦”、“够啦”：Come on , don’ t sit there dreaming．d）用于挑战或激怒对方，意为“来吧”、“试试吧”：come on！I’m not afraid of you．e）用于体育竞赛等场合，意为“加油”：“Come on! Come on!”shouted the audience.

④其它常用短语：Come along 一道来，进展；出现；赶快／come at 冲向；达到；了解／come back回来；想起来／come down 下来；倒塌；传给／come for逼近；来拿（某物），来迎接（某人）/ Come from 来自于，出身于／come in 到来，进来，上市／come out 出来；出版；有…结果；开花／Come over 来访，来玩；产生／come round 来访，到来；恢复知觉/come to 来到；合计；有意义；苏醒；谈到／come up走近，出现。

7．Cut:

①cut down 削减，压缩：Expenses ought to be cut down in every way. /Y ou’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压缩到两千字左右。

②cut in 插入，插话；超车：It’s bad manners to cut in when another person ins talking. /Accidents are often caused by drivers who try to cut in. 司机超车常常造成事故。

③cut off 切断，隔断：We ware cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. /The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the rest of the world. 洪水切断了村民与外界的联系。

④cut out 剪成；戒掉：The rain and wind have cut out a deep valley. 风雨侵蚀出了一条深谷。/I must cut out smoking. 我必须戒烟。

8．Dig:

①dig in 挖战壕；吃食物：They were attacked before they had time to dig in. 他们还没有时间挖战壕就受到了攻击。/Dinner is ready, dig in, everybody. 晚餐准备好了，大家吃吧。

②dig into 深入钻研；全力以赴；大吃：When he digs into a problem he does not give up until he gets to the bottom. /As soon as supper was served, they dug into it hungrily.

③dig out 挖出，翻出，探出：They dug the car out of the snow. /Why did you dig out all these old truth out of him. 我设法从他那儿探出事实真相。

④dig up 掘出，挖到，发现：He dug up an old coin in the garden. /We will dig him up in New York city. 9．Drive:

l．表示“驾驶”，注意以下用法：

①可及物或不及物：／He drove to the station．／Can you drive a car？|注：drive 可用于驾驶车辆等，但不用于驾驶飞机、轮船等。驾驶飞机用fiy或Pilot ，驾驶轮船用sail 或Pilot .

②表示“开车送某人到某处”，以人作宾语，其后用介词to引出地点（若用副词则不用to ）：He drove me to the hotel．／Let me drive you home．

2．表示“驱赶”、“打人（钉子、桩子等）”，及物，其后多接“宾语＋介词短语或副词”：The bad weather drove business away．／He was driven out of the club．／If your coat is nowhere to be hung，you may drive a nail into the wall．如果你的衣服没地方挂，可以在墙上钉个钉子。

3．表示“开动”、“推动”等，及物：／The machine is driven by electricity．这机器是

电驱动的。

4．表示“迫使”、“逼迫”，其后常接以下结构：

①宾语＋不定式：Poverty and hunger drove them to steal．贫穷和饥饿逼使他们偷窃。

②宾语＋介词短语：It is enough to drive one out of his sense．／The sorrow drove her to desperation。

③宾语+形容词或副词：The death of her daughter drove her mad. 她女儿的死使她发了疯。10．Fix:

多用作及物动词。

1．表示“修理”：I must get my radio fixed.／Can you fix the bike？

2．表示“固定”、“安装”等义时，通常可与某些表示地点的副词或介词短语连用：3．表示“决定”、“安排”：

①可与副词up 连用（也可省略）：／Let’s fix (up) a time for the party．

②有时与介词on 连用：Have you fixed on the date for the meeting?

③可接不定式／We have fixed to return home.有时可接“疑问词十不定式”：We haven’t fixed (up) where to stay．

④fix sb up with sth 为某人安排或提供某事或某物：Can you fix me up with a job？

4．表示“（目光或注意力等）集中于”，通常用fix…on [upon]：He fixed his eyes on [upon] the picture

11．Get:

常用短语：

①get along (with)进行；过日子；相处：He is easy to get along with／The work is getting along well.

②get away (with）逃掉；摆脱；离开；被轻易放过：They get away from work at five p.m．他们下午5 点下班。／we won’t let them get away from this ．我们不会这样轻易地放过他们。

③get across 把。。讲清楚

④get down to sth/doing sth开始认真（做某事）：Let’s get down to business．咱们谈正事吧。

⑤get in 进来；回来；收进来；收割；请来：When did he get in？他什么时候回来？/ They have got the doc in to look at the child．他们接来了大夫给小孩看病。

⑥get on (with）进行；过日子；发展；相处：/How are you getting on [along] with your English studies？/we are getting on [along] very well with each other here．

⑦get over 克服（困难）

⑧get through 穿过；结束；通过；看完，用完；（电话）接通：He got through the book in one evening．／Tom failed in the exam but his sister got through．

⑨get together 碰头；聚会，联欢：/When can we get together for a drink? 12．Give:

常用短语：

①give away 分发，送给人；背弃，出卖；泄漏，暴露：He gave away all his pictures./He gave away the secret through carelessness. 他一时大意，泄露了秘密。

②give back归还，送回：Have you given him back the money yet? 你已把钱还给他了吗？

③give in 上交；让步；投降：Give in your examination papers now. /The enemy were at last forced to give in. /He has given in to my views.

④give off 发出（光、热、声、味等）：The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. /The chemical change gives of heat and light.

⑤give out 分发；用完；垮掉；失灵；发表；发出（声音、信号等）：Our money soon gave out. /The teacher gave out the examination paper. 老师把试卷发了下来。/The chair gave out under the fat woman

⑥give up 放弃；交出；投降，认输：The doctor told me to give up smoking. /Give up your arms and live! 缴枪不杀！/He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位让给了一位老大娘。13．Go:

1. go for [on]后接一个具有动作意味的名词，表示一项活动：go for a walk ／go for a ride 乘车（骑马）／go for a drive 驾车出游／go for a row 去划船／go for a stroll 去溜达／go on

a picnic ／go on a journey 去旅行／go on a hike 去徒步旅行

2. go on 继续。其后接现在分词，表示不停地做；接不定式表示做完某事后，接着做另一件事；接介词with 表示把停止了的事再继续做下去：

3. go over 复习，审阅，检查。其中的over 是介词不是副词，After writing an article, we must get over it several times and revise it carefully．文章写了之后，要看几遍，仔细修改。

4. 常用短语：go after/for 追逐；追求go against 违反／go ahead 进行，开始，先走／go all out 全力以赴go back to 追溯到／go down下落，减弱／go in for 从事，爱好／go into 研究，讨论，从事，进人／go out (vi)熄灭，过时，罢工／go out of the way 特意，不怕麻烦／go round [around]够用，够分／go through 检查，审查，练习，经历，做完（某事）/ go up 增长，提高／go with 相配.

14．Hand:

①常用短语：

a）hand down 把…b传下来：Such knowledge was handed down from father to son.

b）hand in 交来，交上去（给老师或上级）：

c）hand on 传递给另一个人：When you’ve read this, kindly hand it on to your friends.

d）Hand out 散发，发给大家：

e）Hand over 移交，拿给（另一人）：The thief was handed over to the police. 15．Hold:

1．用作动词，可及物或不及物：

①表示“握住”、“拿住”、“抱住”等：I held the baby in my arms. ／She held her daughter by the hand as they crossed the road．／The dog held the newspaper in its mouth．

②表示使身体的某一部位或某物体处于某种姿态或位置（通常在宾语后使用表示位

置或姿态的形容词、副词或介词短语）：She held her hat on her head because of the strong wind．／Hold yourself still for a few minutes while I take your photo．

②表示“支撑”、“挡住”：The branch won’t hold you一it will break．

④表示“举行”：The meeting will be held on Tuesday．会议将在星期二举行。

⑤表示“容纳”（不用于进行时态，也不用于被动结构）：The theatre holds about 1,500

people.／Life holds many surprises．人生包含着许多意料不到的事。

⑥表示“占有”、“拥有”、“担任”（不用于进行时态）：She holds the office of chairman．她担任主席职位。／He holds a half share in the business．他在这个企业中拥有一半的股份。

⑦表示“持有（某观点、看法等）" ，通常不用于进行时态，其后可接：

a）名词、代词：He holds some strange ideas. 他有一些奇怪的想法。

b ) that 从句：People once held the world was flat．人们曾经认为地球是扁平的。

c )不定式或形容词的复合结构：we hol

d him (to b

e ) stupid．我们认为他很蠢。

⑧常用短语：hold back 控制，阻止，犹豫，隐瞒/hold down 压制，使不增加/hold off 推迟，阻击，暂停（下雨等）/hold on 坚持，等一等/hold one’s breath 屏住气/hold out顶住，维持，提供/hold over 推迟，延长/hold to 坚持，继续/hold together 订在一起，团结在一起/hold up 举起，支撑，耽误，坚持。

16．Keep

Keep at 坚持keep down抑制，镇压keep off远离keep to坚持keep up保持，坚持keep in touch with keep…out of 使。。。不入内

17. look

Look after look back 回头看；回顾look for look on/upon 看作look out look to 期望look up在。。查look down on/upon look into

18．Pick:

pick out 选好，选出；认出，看清楚//pick on选择，挑选；找贫，责备

pick up拾起；整理，收拾；用车接（人）；得到，染上；无意买到；继续（讲故事、谈话、友谊等）；收听到；（情况）好转。

19．Put:

常用短语：

①put away收拾；放弃，打消；储蓄：Put your books away. 把书收起来。/I asked him to put away such foolish ideas. /It is wise to have some money put away for old age.

②put down 放下；使下车；写下；镇压：Put me down at the next stop, please. /Everything he said was put down at once. /No one could put down the movement.

③put off 推迟（后接名词、动名词或名词性从句）：||put off 还表示“关（电、灯等）”、“打消”、“使不高兴”等：Don’t forget to put off the light./What he said put her off. 他说的话使她不高兴。

④pt on穿，戴；上演；装（样子）；开（电灯等）：He put on his glasses to read the letter. 他戴上眼镜读信。/They are going to put on the play next week. /He put on a smile. 他装出一副笑脸。

⑤pt out 使熄灭；生产；出版；使不高兴：He put out the light and went out. 他关了灯就出去了。/We put out 200,000 tons of steel every year. 我们每年生产20万吨钢。||表示“使不高兴”时，常用其过去分词作表语：He feels rather put out about it. 他对这件事很不高兴。

⑥put up 举起，架起；盖起，修建；张贴，挂；住宿，提名：Put up your hand if you have any questions. /They are putting up several new houses on our street. /We put up at a small hotel. ⑦Put up with 忍受，容忍

20．See:

1.see off （到车站、机场、码头等）为人送别（其宾语通常要置于其间）：I saw my friend off at the station. ||单独用see 也可以表示“送（人）”：I will see you home. 我送你回家。

2.see to 照料，照顾（相当于take care of, 其后接名词）：I’ve got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我有些私事得去料理一下。

3.see (to it) that 要注意使…，务必使…（相当于be careful that /make sure that）：See(to it) that you are ready on time. 你一定要按时准备好。

4.see…as 把…设想（想像）成：I simply can’t see him as a crook.

5.set about 着手做某事（其后可接名词或动名词，不接不定式）：I don’t know how to set about this job. 我不知道怎样着手这项工作。/I’ll set about preparing supper.我去做晚饭。

6.set out[off]动身，出发（其后一般接介词for表示目的地）：Then he set out[off] for Paris. 然后他就动身去巴黎了。||还可表示“着手”（其后一般要接不定式，不接动名词）：That winter , we set out to write a history of the Party. 那年冬天，我们着手写一部党史。

21．Stick:

用作动词：

①表示“贴”、“粘”，可及物或不及物：The pages are stuck together. 这几页粘住了。/Stick

a stamp on [on to] the letter. 在这封信上贴张邮票。/The wet shirt stuck to his back.

②表示“插（入）”、“刺（入）”，多为及物动词，有时也为不及物动词（常与in, into连用）：He stuck a stick into the ground. /The doctor stuck him with a needle.

③表示“卡住”、“陷在…里”，多为不及物动词，有时也为及物动词：The car stuck in the mud.(不及物)/The car was [got] stuck in the mud.（及物）汽车陷入了泥泞。

④常用短语：

a) stick at 对…有顾虑；坚持（干）：He sticks at nothing. 他无所顾忌（即什么事都干

得出来）。/He stuck at his books till midnight. 他坚持读书到深夜。

b)stick by 忠于：We must stick by our friends. 我们必须忠于我们的朋友。

c)stick out 伸出，突出；明显：He stuck his tongue out at me. /How his stomach sticks out 他的肚子多挺呀！It really sticks out that we aren’t welcome here.明显，我们在这里不受欢迎。

d)stick to 粘住；坚持，遵循（此处to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等）：Glue stuck to my hand. 胶水粘住了我的手。/We must stick to our agreement [promise, wore]. 我们必须坚持我们的协定[诺言]。/Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 记者应该坚持调查事实。

22．Take:

常用短语：

①take away 拿走：Take the knife away from the boy! 把那男孩子手里的刀拿走！

②Take after模仿

③take back 带回、收回：He took back everything he said. 他全部收回在了他所说的话。

④take down拿下：She took down her pictures on the wall, 她把她的照片从墙上取了下来。

⑤take for看作：误认为take in 接收；理解；拘留

⑥take off 脱下（衣帽等）：起飞：Take off your cap ./The plane took off very smoothly.

⑦take out 把…取出来：The dentist took out one of my teeth.牙医拔掉了我一颗牙。

⑧take over 接管

⑨take on 呈现：Our village began to take on a new look. 我们村子开始呈现新面貌。

⑩take place，发生⑾ take to 养成（习惯）；开始喜欢⑿take up 上升；抬起；从事23．Talk:

常用短语：

a)talk away 通过谈话消除：Finally we talked her fears away.

b)talk back 顶嘴，回嘴：You should not talk back to your parents.你不该和父母顶嘴。

c) talk big 说大话：The young man liked to talk big but did nothing.

d)talk over 商量，讨论：I’ll talk it over with your mother.我要与你妈妈商量一下这件事。24．Think:

①比较think of 与think about；两者均表示“考虑”，常可换用：I have thought of [about] the matter and decided not to go. ||当think of 表示除“考虑”以外的意思时，不能与think about换用。

②比较think out 与think over：前者表示“想清楚”、“想出”（美国）英语用think up；后者表示“仔细考虑”：We must think out a plan. /I’d like to think it over.

25．Turn:

为及物或不及物动词。常用短语：

①turn against背叛，转而反对：Some of his friends turned against him.

②turn down 拒不接受，关小（收音机等的音量）：He turned down our invitation. /He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. /The radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a little?

③turn in 交上来，上床睡觉：Turn in your homework/We turn in at nine and get up at six.

④turn into成为，使成为，翻译：At a low temperature, water turns into ice. /Can you turn the letter into English? 你能把这封信译成英语吗？

⑤turn off 关掉（收音机、电灯、水龙头等）：The boy turned off the light and went to bed.

⑥turn on 打开[收音机、电灯、水龙头等]：Please turn on the radio[the water].

⑦turn out 结果是，制造（人群）出来：The weather turned out (to be)fine. /It turned out(that)two men had been killed. This factory turns out bicycles. 这家工厂制造自行车。

⑧turn to 求助于，翻到，查阅，转向：They always turn to me when they are in trouble. /Please turn to page。/He turned to his notes for the exact figures. 他从笔记中查找确切数字。

⑨turn up 赴约，出席，出现，开大（收音机等的音量）：We agreed to meet here but so far he has not turned up yet. /Turn up the radio a little.

⑩turn one’s head 冲昏头脑：The famous actress has not allowed success to turn her head.

常用不规则动词变化表(特别注意写作中不要写错)

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