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2014年文体学试卷

2014年文体学试卷
2014年文体学试卷

湖南科技学院二○一四年下学期期末考试Array英语专业2012 年级英语文体学试题

考试类型:开卷试卷类型:A卷考试时量:120 分钟出卷人:唐建福

I

1. Style can defined as the ⑴linguistic habit of different people or characteristic of typical social situations.

2. Stylistics may be defined as the study of or the investigation of ⑵style.

3. Phoneme is the smallest ⑶sound unit in a specific language capable of semantic distinction.

4. Dialect is a subtype of language which may be determined by ⑷geographical locality or particular social groupings.

5. The three factors of register are ⑸field, tenor, and mode.

6. General stylistics is chiefly concerned with the investigation of the ⑹linguistic features of all kinds of language use.

7. A sentence made up of two or more simple sentences, joined together by conjunctions or punctuations is a ⑺compound sentence.

8. Pause can be divided into voiced pause and ⑻silent pause.

9. The rise-fall pitch is employed to give people a sincere praise or to show the feeling of

⑼shock.

10. The fall-rise pitch is used to give people some encouragement or give people a ⑽warning.

11. The rising pitch is employed to show the meaning of indefiniteness, uncertainty and ⑾incompleteness.

12. The falling pitch is used to show the meaning of definiteness, certainty and ⑿completeness.

13. There are ⒀5 pitches in phonetics.

14. With ⒁consultative style people usually offer some background information. It is usually employed in business activities.

15. To attract readers’⒂attention is one of the functions of English advertisements.

16. The relationship between irony and humor is that irony is a language means while humor is an ⒃effect.

17. People usually use casual style between friends, acquaintances, or insiders. Its main

feature is that people usually employ ellipsis, ⒄slangs or cants with it.

18. Stress, ⒅intonation, pause, and voice quality are the 4 phonetic means in English.

19.

II.Multiple-choice (Attention: there is only one or more than one choice to one question). (2′×10=20′)

1. The smallest unit in a language that carries meaning is .

A. pheme

B. morpheme

C. phone

D. word

2. What figure of speech has been used in “the young hunter was as strong as a lion”?

A. metaphor

B. metonymy

C. synecdoche

D. simile

3. Which of the following are the types of change of meaning of English words?

A. extension

B. specialization

C. degradation

D. elevation (ABCD)

4. What are the basic components of the English vocabulary. (ACD)

A. Anglo-Saxon

B. Greek

C. Latin

D. French

5. Stylistics is the study or the investigation of style.

A. yes

B. no

6. What figure of speech has been used in “many hands make light work”?

A. irony

B. overstatement

C. synecdoche

D. oxymoron

7. Which of the following originate from Anglo-Saxon? (AB)

A. members of the family

B. time

C. law

D. science

8. What are the functions of inverted sentence? (BCD)

A. For effect

B. For emphasis

C. For balance

D. For cohesion and conjunction

9. What are the levels of stylistic analysis? (ABCD)

A. Phonological level

B. Lexical level D. Syntactic level D. Discoursal level

10. What are the grammatical functions of stress? (ABCD)

A. Emphasize a certain word or meaning.

B. Distinguish words, phrases, same spelling, different meaning.

C. Change of stress in words causes change of phonemes

D. Means of expressing strong emotions.

1. What is the methodology of stylistic analysis? (A)

A. linguistic analysis

B. discourse analysis

2. What are the stylistic functions of syntactic deviations in literature? (ABCD)

A. As a marker of one’s social background

B. As a means of characterization

C. Social position

D. Irony, satire, emphasis, comical effects

3. Structurally speaking, sentences may classified into: (ACD)

A. Simple sentence

B. Exclamatory sentence

C. Compound sentence

D. Complex sentence

4. What are the differences between language and speech? (ABCD)

A. Language is abstract whereas speech is concrete.

B. Language is potential whereas speech is actual.

C. Language is code whereas speech is message.

D. Language is stable and systematic whereas speech is subject to personal and

situational constraint.

5. Functionally speaking, what types do English sentences have? (ABCD)

A. Declarative

B. Interrogative

C. Exclamatory

D. Imperative

6. What are the gestures that may be used in a casual conversation? (ABCD)

A. Facial expressions

B. eye-contact

C. environment

D. clothing

7. Five styles were advanced by Martin Joos in the book “The Five Clocks”. And they are:

(BD)

A. strict style

B. frozen style

C. polite style

D. casual style

8. The differences between oral communication and written communication are: (ABC)

A. Use some gestures ( body language ) in oral communication

B. Use a statement as a question in oral communication

C. Use some pure oral words in oral communication

D. Use some characters in written communication

9. Stress has several apparent stylistic and grammatical functions. And they are: (ABCD)

A. The first function is for emphasis.

B. The second function is to change the meaning or the part of speech of some words, or

both.

C. The third function is to differ some English words

D. The fourth function is to show someone’s surprise, ang er, fear, doubt, pleasure, etc.

10. How do we express ourselves in a proper way? Several factors do work. And they are:

(ABCD)

A. Phonetics

B. Vocabulary

C.Grammar

D.Some knowledge concerning English stylistics

III.Please judge whether the following statements are true or false. (Attention: if it is true, please mark T; otherwise, F)(1′×10=10′)

1. Euphemism is a kind of mild expression for an offensive or harsh one. (√)

2. Content is the style that may be different from case to case although the meaning may

remain the same. (х)

3. Exophora is an item that refers to something in another text. (х)

4. Simply speaking, registers refer to languages which are determined by situation. (√)

5. In this example: “Is this a non-smoker? I don’t know”, there is a Verbal ellipsis. (х)

6. Rhetorical question is a question which does not need an answer or the answer is obvious. (√)

7. Contrastive conjunction is achieved by the use of conjunctive words of addition or

progression, such as and, furthermore, moreover, etc. (х)

8. A not-text is a group of sentences that are typically or logically linked together. This

kind of linkage is called cohesion. So cohesion is the quality that makes a text a text.

(х)

9. Tenor of discourse is the social relationships between the participants in the

communication. (√)

10. The compositions written by a class of middle school students can be called different

styles? (х)

1. Syllable refers to a vowel sound either with or without a consonant or consonants in

clusters. (√)

2. Lexical analysis is chiefly concerned about how the words in a text are put together to

produce meaning and other kinds of message. (х)

3. Syntactical analysis is chiefly concerned about how sentences are joined together to

produce a cohesive and coherent text. (х)

4. Taboo refers to words forbidden to be used in public because of their being dirty or

offensive. (√)

5. Technical words refer to those words used in special professions. (√)

6. Loose sentence is one that is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. (х)

7. Parallelism is a rhetorical device in which identical words are used but not necessarily in

identical position. (х)

8. Repetition is a rhetorical device in which two or more than two similar syntactic

structures with different words are placed side by side. (х)

9. Pause can be divided into structural pause and emotive pause. (√)

10. Intimate style is usually used between husband and wife. Moreover it is employed in

jargons sometimes. (√)

IV.Analyze the following passage. (Attention: please give the definition of this kind of sentence structure, its characteristics and its stylistic effects) (12%)

V.Indicate what kind of figures of speech is used in the following examples. (2′×10=20′)

1. ——Where have you been for the last four years?

——At college taking medicine.

——And did you get well? (pun)

2. Life is but a brief candle. (metaphor)

3. From the cradle to the grave (metonymy)

4. Many hands make light work. (synecdoche)

5. She’s as old as a mountain. (hyperbole)

6. ——What weather do the mice dislike?

——When it rains cats and dogs. (pun)

7. He is a fool. He never knows where his personal interest lies. His whole heart is

concerned about the interest of other people. (irony)

8. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. (overstatement/hyperbole)

9. The drunkard loves his bottle better than his wife. (metonymy)

10. ——Why are parliamentary reports called “blue books”?

——Because they are never red. (pun)

10. My love is a red, red rose. (metaphor)

1. The young hunter was as strong as a lion. (simile)

2. ——What starts with T, ends with T, and is full of T?

——Teapot. (pun)

——And did you get well? (pun)

3. A victorious defeat (oxymoron)

4. My love is a red, red rose. (metaphor)

43. Name at least five kinds of figure of speech in English.

Simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony, overstatement, etc.

44. What possible social relationships exist between the participants in the following sentences? (12’)

1). Excuse me, could you tell me the right time, please?

2). What time is it, please?

3). What’s the time?

Sentence 1) shows a high degree of politeness and formality which may most probably appear in a conversation between strangers with great social distance in between.

Sentence 2) still shows some degree of politeness and formality which may be in a conversation between acquaintances.

Sentence 3) is a direct question without taking care of politeness. This is characteristic of conversations between friends or classmates or family members.

45. Indicate what kind of figures of speech is used in the following examples.

The young hunter was as strong as a lion. (simile)

Life is but a brief candle. (metaphor)

From the cradle to the grave (metonymy)

Many hands make light work. (synecdoche)

She’s as old as a mountain. (hyperbole)

A victorious defeat (oxymoron)

He is a fool. He never knows where his personal interest lies. His whole heart is concerned about the interest of other people. (irony)

Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. (overstatement/hyperbole)

The drunkard loves his bottle better than his wife. (metonymy)

My love is a red, red rose. (metaphor)

7. ——What starts with T, ends with T, and is full of T?

——Teapot. (pun)

8. ——Where have you been for the last four years?

——At college taking medicine.

——And did you get well? (pun)

9. ——What weather do the mice dislike?

——When it rains cats and dogs. (pun)

10. ——Why are parliamentary reports called “blue books”?

——Because they are never red. (pun)

IV.Analyze the following conversation. (Attention: please give the definition of this kind of figure of speech, and its stylistic effects) (12%)

A: I have a hair-raising story to tell.

B: Tell it to a bald-headed man.

In this conversation, pun is used to avoid unnecessary inconveniences and also produce ambiguities which can make a humorous effect. Here person B deliberately used the dual meaning of “hair-raising”to express his unwillingness to listen to person A’s story in a friendly and humorous way. The phrase “hair-raising” means either growing hair or dreadful.

Susan: Jim, can you give me Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?

Jim: No, but he used to live at the white house in Washington DC.

In this conversation, pun is used to produce ambiguities which can make a humorous effect. The humor is produced through Jim’s failure to correctly understand the meaning of the word “address” here. Susan means the speech while the student interprets it as the place where Lincoln lived.

26. Explain the connotative meaning of the underlined words in the following sentence.

She knows nothing about the cruelty about the world. She is a lily.

Lily is a flower and by cultural conventions a symbol of purity and innocence in the west.

Why should we learn and study English stylistics? (10′)

a) It will help us to express ourselves in English properly.

b) It will help us to know something about language features of a variety of English written styles.

c) It will help us to select a proper way for getting the best language effects and attaining our communicative purposes.

d) It will help us to go at literary criticism.

e) It will help us to do the translation work well.

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Chapter1 1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter? Anwser1 , from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes. Anwser2, the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and a choice of style . 2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English? Anwser, the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations. 3, what factors can result in differences in style ? Answer , 1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the rea der’s mind, so they can result in different styles.2,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style. Chapter2 1, explain the following terms 1),foregrounding: the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,that is ,foregrounded. 2),incongruity: the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation. 3)deflection : the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence. 4),field; its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc 5)tenor: its concerned with who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their attitude,and their role relations . 6)mode: its concerned with how the interaction is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance. 2,question for discussion 2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic effect.try to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture. Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items can produce ethic ,persuasive, and representative effect. Four or more items in a series

高频期末试卷一

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三、判断说明改错题。 1下图是三个谐振回路振荡器的交流等效电路。如果电路参数之间的关系式为:(1)L1C1>L2C2>L3C3;(2)L1C1=L2C2

2 判断下面各电路能否正常工作。 5分×2题 四、计算题 1有一并联谐振回路如图,并联回路的无载Q 值Qp = 80,谐振电阻 Rp = 25k Ω,谐振频fo = 30MHz ,信号源电流幅度 Is = 0.1mA (1)若信号源内阻Rs = 10k Ω,当负载电阻RL 不接时, 问通频带B 和谐振时输出电压幅度Vo 是多少? (2) 若Rs = 6k Ω,RL = 2k Ω,求此时的通频带B 和Vo 是多少? I

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武汉大学 2011武汉大学文学理论与现当代文学真题 名解5'*4:以禅喻诗原型倪焕之> 歌德巴赫猜想> 简答10'*4:一二十四诗品之典雅>句子指出出处并分析二悲剧艺术的句子指出出处并分析三:炉中煤>思想艺术特色四蝴蝶>思想艺术特色 论述20'*3:一文学的话语蕴藉属性举例二家>觉慧的性格分析三舒婷的创作特色 评论写作30':<路口> 2009 一、名词解释 寻根文学隐含的读者沉钟社诗无达诂 二、简答 1、试论阿Q的革命观。 2、给出了元好问《论诗三十首》中论秦观诗的那首,说出出处及自己的理解。 3、王蒙《春之声》的思想艺术成就。 4、“作家根据现实生活熔铸成的个别,应是一个显出特征的、优美的、生气灌注的整体”说出出处及自己的理解。 三、论述 1、用刘勰的六观说评析一部作品。 2、试论韩少功的长篇小说创作。 3、艾青诗歌的意象特征 四、微型小说评论 林清玄的《送一轮明月》 2008 一、名词解释(每小题5分,共计20分。) 1、以意逆志 2、文学消费 3、爱美剧 4、中间人物论 二、简答题(每小题10分,共计40分。) 1、写出下面这首诗的出处,并谈你对这首诗的理解。 素处以默,妙机其微。饮之太和,独鹤与飞。犹之惠风,荏苒在衣。阅竹修篁,美曰载归。遇之匪深,即之愈稀。脱有形似,握手已违。 2、写出下面这段话的出处,并简述它的文学理论内涵。 诗人既然和画家与其它造型艺术家一样,是一个模仿者,那么他必须模仿下列三种对象之一:

过去有的或现在有的事,传说中的或人们相信的事,应当有的事。 3、论述郁达夫《沉沦》的思想艺术特色。 4、论述铁凝《哦,香雪》的思想艺术特色。 三、论述题(每小题15分,共计60分。) 1、王国维《红楼梦评论》是怎样论述“第三种悲剧”的、 2、意识与无意识在文学创作中有何意义? 3、…中国新诗派?的思想艺术特征。 4、试论新时期文学现代主义艺术实验的意义和局限。 四、文学评论写作(30分) 阅读下面这篇微型小说,写一篇评论文章,题目自拟,字数不少于800字。 七情六欲 莫小米 邻家女孩儿美丽异常,且从小学到大学一直都是优秀生,所以她后来变成精神病,让左邻右舍都感到无比惋惜。 据说她是因恋爱受挫而发病的。原本文静内敛的姑娘一旦发病就会让所有异性害怕。她将所有**都清清楚楚地写在脸上,让人惊愕与惊悸。 当她与她的**被关进一间小小的病室后,她只得不停地来回快速走动,直走到精疲力竭才猛然栽倒在床上。如此治了发,发了又治,治了发……一次比一次严重,其痛苦状让家人都伤心流泪。 后来医生向她的家人出示一个治疗方案。医生说,是否为她做一个大脑皮层切除手术,把她的七情六欲全部切除了吧,既然她自己已无法管住它们。切除之后,她不再痛苦,当然,也不再快乐,重要的是,她将获得她已久违了的宁静。 这真是一个既残忍又人道的主意!对七情六欲的处理将人截然区分———有人把七情六欲燃成点亮心灵的火炬,他成了艺术家;有人把七情六欲铸成杀人刀斧,他成了罪犯;有人把七情六欲封冻成冰,他成了僧侣;而这个可怜的姑娘,她只是把自己折磨得遍体鳞伤…… 家人经过三天三夜的讨论,终于采纳了医生的建议。姑娘切除了七情六欲之后,风暴平息,眉眼依旧,美丽却荡然无存。

2014年全国高考理科数学试题及答案-新课标1

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 全国课标1理科数学 注意事项: 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准 考证号填写在答题卡上. 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每个小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动, 用橡皮搽干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,写在本试卷上无效. 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上,答在本试题上无效. 4. 考试结束,将本试题和答题卡一并交回. 第Ⅰ卷 一.选择题:共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。在每个小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合 题目要求的一项。 1. 已知集合A={x |2 230x x --≥},B={x |-2≤x <2=,则A B ?= A .[-2,-1] B .[-1,2) C .[-1,1] D .[1,2) 2. 32 (1)(1)i i +-= A .1i + B .1i - C .1i -+ D .1i -- 3. 设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 时奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论正确的是 A .()f x ()g x 是偶函数 B .|()f x |()g x 是奇函数 C .()f x |()g x |是奇函数 D .|()f x ()g x |是奇函数 4. 已知F 是双曲线C :2 2 3(0)x my m m -=>的一个焦点,则点F 到C 的一条渐近线的距离为 A B .3 C D .3m 5. 4位同学各自在周六、周日两天中任选一天参加公益活动,则周六、周日都有同学参加公益活动 的概率

A .18 B .38 C .58 D .78 6. 如图,圆O 的半径为1,A 是圆上的定点,P 是圆上的动点,角x 的始边 为射线OA ,终边为射线OP ,过点P 作直线OA 的垂线,垂足为M ,将点M 到直线OP 的距离表示为x 的函数()f x ,则y =()f x 在[0,π]上的图像大致为 7. 执行下图的程序框图,若输入的,,a b k 分别为1,2,3,则输出的M = A . 203 B .165 C .72 D .158 8. 设(0, )2π α∈,(0,)2 π β∈,且1sin tan cos βαβ+= ,则 A .32 π αβ-= B .22 π αβ-= C .32 π αβ+= D .22 π αβ+= 9. 不等式组1 24x y x y +≥??-≤? 的解集记为D .有下面四个命题: 1p :(,),22x y D x y ?∈+≥-,2p :(,),22x y D x y ?∈+≥, 3P :(,),23x y D x y ?∈+≤,4p :(,),21x y D x y ?∈+≤-. 其中真命题是 A .2p ,3P B .1p ,4p C .1p ,2p D .1p ,3P 10. 已知抛物线C :2 8y x =的焦点为F ,准线为l ,P 是l 上一点,Q 是直线PF 与C 的一个焦

英语文体学

Unit 5 Formal vs Informal Language 英教0901班董宜之程雅洁田冬雪

Contents 5.1 The interpersonal function of language 5.2 Degrees of formality 5.3 Functional tenor and degrees of formality 5.4 Martin Joo’s Classification 5.5 Speech situation and formality 5.6 Formality and linguistic features 5.7 Sets of co-occurring features 5.8 Involved vs informational texts 5.9 Tenors, field, and mode

5.1 The interpersonal function of language 1.Functions of language: ●the ideational / referential function ●the interpersonal / social / expressive function ●the textual function 2. Tenors of discourse: the relationship between participants in the situation, their roles and status. The participant relations that determine the tenor of discourse range through varying degrees of permanence.

高频电子线路期末考试试卷及答案

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应用写作试题3

应用写作复习题(一) 一、单项选择题(每题1分,共25分) 1.迄今所知我国最早的应用文文集是( c ) A.甲骨刻辞 B.钟鼎铭文 C.《尚书》 D.《周易》 2.我国第一部文体学专论是 ( B ) A.《文赋}》 B.《文章流别论》 C.《文心雕龙)》 D.《典论.论文》3.“公文”的称谓出现的时期是 ( ) A.两汉 B.南北朝 C.唐宋 D.元明清 4.应用文对主旨的要求主要有正确、鲜明、( B ) A.丰富 B.集中 C.庄重 D.形象 5.应用文使用叙述的方法以( D )为主A.补叙B.倒叙 C.插叙D.顺叙 6.下列文种中,属于行政公文的是

( D ) A.决议B.公报 C.指示D.通告 7.公文的作者是指( A ) A.制发者B.审稿者 C.撰稿者D.印文者 8.对重大行动作出安排,应选用( B )行文A.通报B.决定 C.通知D.意见 9.山城大学向市国土局请求批准使用校内土地。应用( C ) A.请示B.报告 C.函D.通知 10.批转性通知是指批转( C )的公文A.上级机关B.本机关 C.下级机关D.平级机关 11. 可用于任免人员的文种是( A ) A.通知 B.通报 C.会议纪要 D.报告 12.写作总结多采用( A )

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