作业5_黄孝喜班(语法制导翻译)答案

作业5 –语法制导翻译1. 已知程序的文法G[P]如下：

P→D

D→D; D| id: T | proc id; D;S

(2)请写一个翻译模式，输出程序中每变量id的嵌套深度。P→{D.d=1} D

D →{ D1.d=D.d} D1; { D2.d=D.d}D2

D → id: T {print(D.d)}

D→ proc id; { D1.d=D.d+1} D1; S

2.有表示二进制无符号数的文法G[S]：

S → L . L | L

L →L B | B

B →0 | 1

请构造一个翻译模式，将二进制表示的数转换为十进制数。

S’→S {print(S.val)}

S → L1. L2{S.val = L1.val + L2.val / L2.w}

S→ L{S.val=L.val}

L →L1 B {L.val = L1.val * 2 + B.val; L.w=L1.w * 2} L→B{L.val = B.val; L.w=2}

B →0 {B.val =0}

B→1{B.val =1}

《翻译(一)作业参考答案

《翻译(一)》作业参考答案 I. 1.打破记录 2.武装到牙齿 3.酸葡萄 4.君子协定 5.开放政策 6.冷战 7.低声 8.文火 9.占 10.原因 11.消灭 12.交待清楚13.和风 14.软水 15.添煤 16.捏造 17.修好 18.收拾一下 19.软水 20.呢帽 21.好 22.正好 23.右 24.申冤。 II. 1.“一定会把他造就成一个堂堂男子汉”，杰克说“就是应该上大学嘛！” 2.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。 3.这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌。 4.我的回答并不躲躲躲闪闪。 5.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 6.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 7.在走过市区的时候，他们看见了一座宏伟的酒店。 8.他经常来。 9.他对这个城市完全陌生。 10.这完全是胡说。 11.那个园会真是圆满极了。 12.淡淡的太阳从海上升起。 13.“我知道, 这是在抓救命稻草”, 他无可奈何地说. 14.他的靴子时常闪闪发光. 15.他开了眼界,并懂得了一些名堂. 16.他满脸皱纹, 皮肤很黑,头发灰白稀疏. 17.他们之间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题. 18.我们应学会如何分析问题和解决问题. 19.我们深信，社会主义制度终究会代替资本主动义制度。 20.他回来时，收音机仍然开着。 21.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 22.我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。 23.我们高度珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。 24.他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 III. A 这是一个最好的历史时期，这又是一个最坏的历史时期； 这是一个充满智慧的年代，这又是一个不乏愚蠢的年代； 这是一个富有信仰的时代，这又是一个轻易怀疑的时代； 这是一个光明普照的季节，这又是一个黑暗笼罩的季节；

商务英语翻译测试题及答案

商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案21

实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案 第一次作业： Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said. 参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下 据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。 第二次作业 1、Kill one’s appetite ?Kill time ?Kill the peace ?Kill the mood ?Kill the proposal ?Kill the engine ?Kill the child with kindness 2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. 3、This ticket is available in all parks. 4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.

语法制导翻译

for循环语句翻译递归下降法输出三地址码///////////// #define MAX 100 #include #include #include char str[MAX]; char ch; int turn; char strToken[MAX]; int kind; int n=0;//存放strtoken[]元素的个数 struct Word//结构体存放单词 { int sort; char word[MAX];//存放strtoken[]的内容 }; //record[x]=new Word; Word *record[12];//放所有识别出来的单词，分别存放他们的编号以及字符串，x是其下标 ////////////////////词法分析/////////////////////// int buffer()//载入 { int i=0; cout<<"输入程序，以“#”作为结束标志。"<>str[i]不可用，用C语言读入字符。 if(str[i]=='#') break;///////如果尾数为识别码#,则表示程序读完,跳出循环. } break; } return(i);

bool IsLetter(char ch)///////////判断是否是字母 { if(ch>=65&&ch<=90||ch>=97&&ch<=122) return(true); else return(false); } bool IsDigit(char ch)//////////判断是否是数字 { if(ch>=48&&ch<=57) return(true); else return(false); } char GetChar(int i)///////读取字符 { char ch; ch=str[i]; return(ch); } char GetBC(char ch)////判断是不是空格或者换行，如果是，直接读取下一个字符直道不再空白为止{ if(ch==32||ch==10) { turn++; ch=GetChar(turn); ch=GetBC(ch);/////////递归实现 return(ch); } else return(ch); } void Concat()/////////////连接，即为strtoken[]赋值 { strToken[n]=ch; n++;

翻译作业参考答案

Exercise Unit 4 Translate the following passages into Chinese To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. And yet in the history of our nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries, and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every-four-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle. Momentous: very important, serious Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other. And I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic. Bulwark: person or thing that support The business of our nation goes forward. These United States are confronted with an economic affection of greater proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people. Affection: disease Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, human misery and personal indignity. Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity. But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending. For decades we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children’s future for the temporary convenience of the present. To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political and economic upheaval. Key: 对于今天在场的我们几个人来说，这是一个庄严、极其重要的时刻。然而，在我国历史上，这又是一个平常的事。差不多两个世纪以来，根据宪法的幽囚有条不紊地移交权力，此次照例进行。我们当中几乎没有谁会停下来想一想，我们确实是多么独特。这四年一次的就职典礼我们习以为常，可在世界上许多人看来，完全是个奇迹。 总统先生，我希望我的同胞们知道你为保持/延续这个传统作出了多大的努力。在举世注目之下，你在权力交接过程中给予的(精诚)合作，想世人表明，我们是一个团结的民族，坚决贯彻我们的政治制度，它保证个人能够享受比任何其他政治制度下都要大的自由。我感谢你和你的手下人为保持连续性而给予的所有帮助，这中连续性是我们共和国的支柱。 我国的事业总是向前发展的。合众国面临着极大的经济困难。我们现在遭受到我国历史上历

商务翻译练习答案练习答案2

UNIT 1 I. 短文翻译 1) 从合同生效之日起到合同终止期间，双方每年举行一次正式会晤，以便讨论合同执行中存在的问题，以及就技术发展与改进问题进行交流，为进一步技术合作奠定基础。双方的会晤轮流在两国举行。讨论的内容和结论载入备忘录。每方与会人员不得超过5人，费用自理。 2) 如果合同一方未能在合同规定的时限内履行合同义务，并在收到未违约方通知后15天内未能消除违约或采取补救措施，而且在被允许延长期内未履行合同，在此情形下，未违约方应书面通知违约方解除合同，同时有权向违约方索赔。 II. 句子翻译 1）① 仅去年一年时间，美元升值已经超过10%，这与1997年至1998年的亚洲金融危机期间的升值幅度差不多。 ② 美国经济的减速很可能更加支持人们对美元的信心。 2）① 汇率变动对于进口价格的影响取决于国内市场需求的强度。 ② 事实上，今年美国的出口已经有显著增长，长期以来首次超过了进口。 UNIT2 I. 短文翻译 1）当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，在履行义务或者采取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿损失。 2）对发行机构本身业务需要发行债券的，所筹资金必须按批准的用途使用，债券本息的偿还自行负责。 3）报关手续由住所在该国的一方或其代表办理，这通常是可取的。因此，出口商通常应办理出口报关手续，进口商应办理进口报关手续。 II. 句子翻译 1.政治稳定指the degree of conflict and cooperation within a particular nation and between that nation and others. 2.在最近的一项研究中，研究者们发现如果一国冲突不断，firms made fewer investments in marketing activities.相反，如果一国合作程度很高，那么公司用于市场营销行为的投资就会多。 3.市场营销者普遍认为，如果一国的政治关系良好，那么他们所做的努力就会有更多成功 的机会。换句话说，stability is good for business, but conflict is not.

翻译作业(2)及作业(1)答案

翻译作业（1）答案 1.壮族(the Zhuang ethnic minority)是中国人口最多的少数民族，约有1900万人。 With a population of about 19 million, the Zhuang ethnic minority is the largest minority group in China. 2.超过90%的壮族人居住在广西，其余分布在云南，广东，贵州和湖南等南方省份。 Over 90 percent of the Zhuang people live in Guangxi while the rest is distributed in southern provinces in China like Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Hunan. 3.壮族人有自己的语言。壮语主要分为南北两大方言。 The Zhuang people has its own language which is mainly divided into southern dialect and northern one. 4.由于南方地区气候温和，雨量(rainfall)充足，壮族的主要农产品是热带和亚热带(subtropical)作物，如水稻和玉米。 The Zhuang people’s agricultural products are tropical and subtropical crops such as rice and corn due to the mild climate and abundant rainfall in southern China. 5.大多数壮族人的日常食物与汉族的并无多大差别。 The daily food of most Zhuang people is of little difference from that of Han people. 翻译作业（2）： 改革开放政策(the reform and opening up policy)使中国经济迅猛增长，令中国社会发生巨大变化。同时，越来越多的农民工(rural migrant worker)离开农村到城市工作，在城市中担任建筑工人，工厂工人，餐厅服务员和司机。他们跟城市劳动者一起，把中国变成了世界工厂，为中国经济的快速增长做出了巨大贡献。然而，这一庞大群体却面临诸多问题，如缺乏工伤赔偿和子女就学难等。 词汇难点： 农村：countryside 建筑工人：construction worker 为...做出贡献：contribute to 工伤赔偿：workplace injury compensation Reform and opening up policy that China's rapid economic growth, the Chinese society has changed dramatically. At the same time, more and more migrant workers from rural to urban jobs, as a construction worker in the city, factory workers, restaurant staff and drivers. They together with city workers, factory of China into the world, made a huge contribution to China's rapid economic growth. However, the large group faces many problems, such as lack of inductrial injury compensation and the children go to school difficult. The policy of reform and opening up to Chinese rapid economic growth, the China

翻译作业2及答案

The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states. Two thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the world’s population. Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus（一致）. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage （持有人质）by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators（共同特性，分母）. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy（民主（政治））to function at the highest level. The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotence（无效）due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter. 联合国大会是最重要的政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括了世界上所有的国家。其中三分之二为发展中国家，这些国家的人口占了全球总人口的四分之三。 大会做出决议并非易事，因为按照惯例所有的协议都必须在成员国之间达成共识。结果，一些重要协议往往因为少数国家的特殊利益而面临被否决的可能，

商务翻译作业

随着改革开放的不断变化，经济的快速发展，中国如今要比以往任何时候都更加引全世界的目光。越来越多的中国产品打入了国际市场，在满足沟内消费者的同时也满足了国外消费者的多方面需求。作为中华传统文化的瑰宝，中草药一直是中国产品和文化中不可或缺的组成部分。近年来，中药引起了全世界的关注和兴趣。重要潜在的国际市场巨大，发展前景广阔。作为药品的重要附件，药品说明书引起了人们越来越多的关注，对出口药品来说，焦点就集中在药品说明书的翻译质量上，然而，目前许多药品说明书的翻译质量仍然不能令人满意，既影响了产品的良好形象，也影响了产品的出口销售。 药品说明书翻译的难点主要在于源语和目的语的语言和文化差异。作为一种特殊的科技语言，中英文药品说明书均具有独特的语言风格，文本形式，专业知识和文化背景，值得深入系统的加以分析，研究。本文对药品说明书的翻译加以研究，找出英语平行文本的主要语言特点．分析药品说明书翻译中出现的各类问题．归纳了一些力求使译文与原文,实现功能对等、信息传真．同时在语言又简洁易懂、清晰自然 药品说明书是专业性很强的科技应用文才．它作为一种商品说明书是“提供商品所有信息和如何使用商品的说明性件”。药品说明书通常向消费者提供该药品的详细成分、药理作用、适应症，剂量及其注意事项，以指导消费者正确使用药品。正确翻译英文药品说明书才可使本国消费者了解和熟悉药品的药理作用、用法、用量、适应症及禁忌。 药品说明书的特点 药品说明书作为医学翻译的一部分，自然也具备客观性、准确性和严密性的特点，不仅功能性强，而且目的明确，主要是为了指导医生与患者了解和熟悉药品的药理作用、用法、用量、适应症及禁忌等，从而达到合理用药、治病救人的目的。因此，译文要做到结构紧凑，简洁明了，准确无误。英文药品说明书大多包括以下内容：(1)药品名称(DrugNames)；(2)性状(Description)；(3)药理作用(PharmacologicalAction)；(4)适应症(Indications)；(5)禁忌症(Contraindica —tions)；(6)用法与用量(Administration and Dosage)；(7)不良反应(Adverse Reaction)；(8)注意事项(Precautions)；(9)包装(Package)；(1o)贮存(Storage)；(11)其他项目(Others)。英文药品说明书是科技英语的一个变体，属于专门用途英语(English for Special Purposes)的范畴，其语言结构比较简单。但同时又具有其特殊的语言特征。其特殊性主要表现在词汇和句法上。药品说明书的语言大量使用名词及采用名词化结构来替代从句或句子，使句子结构简化。例如：recovery phase(恢复期)，alcohol intoxications(酒精中毒)等。另外．文药品说明书晦涩难懂。难懂的单词大部分是直接或间接来自于拉丁和希腊文。例如：Hemorrhage(bleed—ing)(出血)。缩略词被大量运用在药品说明书中。从类别上看，缩略词可大致分为三大类：一是国际计量单位的缩写，如： mg(milligram)(毫克)，ml(milliliter)(毫升)，kg(kilogram)(千克)。第二类是首字母的缩写，如：HIV(Human Immune deficiencv Virus)，B．P．(British Pharmacopoeia)。第三类单词的部分缩写．如：approx(approximate)(大致，大约)，fev(fever)(发烧)。为了明确描述的对象，英文药品说明书使用大量非限定动词(用现在分词和过去分词作定语、不定式作目的状语等)现象非常普遍：经常使用情态动词should，may，must，can等；广泛使用被动语态和一般现在时态．使表达更为客观：较多使用省略句、虚拟语气和条件状语从句等。

翻译作业答案

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A． The doctor told him to keep off wine. B． The doctor told him to keep off spirits. C． The doctor told him to keep off beer. D． The doctor told him to keep off alcohol. 4、选择最佳译文。原文：家庭生活使我感到幸福。 A． Family life makes me feel happy. B． Family life is a source of happiness to me. C． Family life makes me happy. D． Family life makes me be happy. 5、术语“第三产业”的正确译文应该是什么？ A． third industry B． the third industry C． tertiary industries D． tertiary industry

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翻译作业含答案1-8单元

Unit 1 1. 学习外语有助于缩小不同文化间的差距。(bridge) 2. 约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。（intimidate) 3. 他未能获准去监狱看他弟弟。(access) 4. 为了还债，他只好把钢琴拿去换钱。（trade...for...) 5. 这位老师对儿童的情感有不同寻常的了解。（insight) 6. 与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验,从中我们能学到许多东西。（rewarding) 1. Learning a foreign language helps us bridge the gap between different cultures. 2. John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth. 3. He was not allowed access to his young brother who was in prison. 4. In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money. 5. The teacher had unusual insight into children's emotions. 6. We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English. Unit 2 1．他那些令人厌恶的个人习惯使同宿舍的人都很反感。(disgust) 2. 老师轻轻地开门,以免惊扰了正在考试的学生。(disturb) 3. 她的美丽和善良把他强烈地吸引住了,他决定向她求婚。(appeal) (propose to sb.) 4. 如果你退出这次比赛，就不能参加全国比赛了。（drop out of） 5. 他那些所谓的朋友对他的影响很坏。(influence) 6. 这已经是Tom第三次上课迟到了,老师非常气愤。(make one’s blood boil) 1．His disgusting personal habits disgust all his roommates in the dorm. 2．The teacher opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the students in exam. 3．Her beauty and kindness appealed to him so enormously that he decided to propose to her. 4. If you drop out of this race, you can’t join in the national races. 5．Those so-called friends of him have a bad influence on him. 6．It had been the third time that Tom was late for class，which made the teacher’s blood boil. Unit3 1.他们发现适应一个新国家的生活很困难。( adjust to) 2. 他的父母力劝他去上大学,他勉强同意了。(urge, reluctant) 3. 他们很生气是因为遭到了一阵粗暴的辱骂(subject to) 4. 这是一次重要的会议，请务必不要迟到。(see that) 5. 他们加班加点工作,从不向任何人抱怨。(complain) 6. 使我们大为惊奇的是他的一番话后来证明是假的。(turn out) 1. They found it hard to adjust to life in a new country. 2. His parents urged him to go to university and he accepted with reluctance. 3. They were very angry because they were subjected to a great deal of ill-mannered abuse. 4. This is an important meeting. Please see that you are not late for it. 5. They never complained about working extra time to anybody. 6. To our great surprise, his statement turned out to be false. Unit 4 1. 现在公众的注意力全都集中在如何改善居住环境上。(focus on) 2. DVD的价格少则五六百元，多则上千元。（range from) 3. 要想给别人留下好印象，我们对任何事情既不能过于认真，也不能过于漫不经心。(take…seriously; take casually) 4. 我们被告知工程因资金匮乏被迫放弃。（for lack of） 5. 我已了解了他们的风俗。(acquaint…with) 6.你能解释上周五缺席的原因吗？(account for) 1. Public attention at the moment id focused on how to improve their living environments.