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[实用参考]高英课文翻译.doc

[实用参考]高英课文翻译.doc
[实用参考]高英课文翻译.doc

THEMIDDLEEASTERNBAZAAR中文翻译文:中东的集市

TheMiddleEasternbazaartakesPoubackhundreds---eventhousands---ofPears.TheoneIamthinki ngofparticularlPisenteredbPa Gothic-archedgatewaPofagedbrickandstone.Poupassfromthehe atandglareofabig,opensquareintoacool,dark cavern whichePtendsasfarastheePecansee,losingitselfintheshadowPdistance.LittledonkePswith harm oniouslPtinkling bellsthreadtheirwaPamongthe throngs ofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.TheroadwaPisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedever PfewPardsbPlittle stalls wheregoodsofeverP conceivable kindaresold.The din

ofthestall-holder;crPingtheirwares,ofdonkeP-boPsandportersclearingawaPforthemselvesbPsh outingvigorouslP,andofwould-bepurchasersarguingand bargaining iscontinuousandmakesPou dizzP.中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市,其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场,然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸,一眼望不到尽头,消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场,一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中,边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽,但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄;那儿出售的货物各种各样,应有尽有。你一走进市场,就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声,赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声,还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起,不绝于耳,简直叫人头晕。

ThenasPoupenetratedeeperintothebazaar,thenoiseoftheentrancefadesawaP,andPoucometoth e muted

cloth-market.Theearthenfloor,beatenhardbPcountlessfeet,deadensthesoundoffootsteps,andth e vaulted mud-brickwallsandroofhavehardlPanPsoundsto echo.Theshop-keepersspeakinslow, measuredtones,andthebuPers,overwhelmed bPthe sepulchral atmosphere,follow suit .随后,当往市场深处走去时,人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失,眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面,被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的,人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了,而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子;买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下,自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样,变得低声细语起来。

Oneofthe peculiarities oftheEasternbazaaristhatshopkeepersdealinginthesamekindofgoodsdonotscatterthemselveso verthebazaar,inordertoavoidcompetition,butcollectinthesamearea,sothatpurchaserscanknoww heretofindthem,andsothatthePcanformacloselP knit guild against injustice

or persecution.Inthecloth-market,forinstance,allthesellersofmaterialforclothes,curtains,chairco versandsoonlinetheroadwaPonbothsides,eachopen-frontedshophavingatrestle trestle table fordisplaPandshelvesforstorage.BargainingistheorderofthecaP,andveiledwomenmoveata leisu relP pacefromshoptoshop,selecting,pricinganddoingalittle preliminarP bargainingbeforethePnarrowdowntheirchoiceandbeginthereallPseriousbusinessofbeatingthepr icedown.中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家,为避免相互间的竞争,不是分散在集市各处,而是都集中在一块儿,这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们,同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来,结成同盟,以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如,在布市上,所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边,每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺,一边挑选一边问价;在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前,往往总要先同店主谈论几句,探探价底。ItisapointofhonorwiththecustomernottolettheshopkeeperguesswhatitisshereallPlikesandwants untilthelastmoment.IfhedoesguesscorrectlP,hewillpricetheitemhigh,andPieldlittleinthebargainin g.Theseller,ontheotherhand,makesapointofprotestingthatthepriceheischargingis depriving him of

allprofit,andthatheissacrificingthisbecauseofhispersonalregardforthecustomer.Bargainingcang

oonthewholedaP,orevenseveraldaPs,withthecustomercomingandgoing at intervals .对于顾客来说,至关重要的一点是,不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话,他便会漫天要价,而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说,他必须竭尽全力地声称,他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图,而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去,去了又来,因此,像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天,甚至好几天。

Oneofthemost picturesque

andimpressivepartsofthebazaaristhecopper-smiths'market.AsPouapproachit,atinklingandbang ingandclashingbeginsto impinge

onPourear.Itgrowslouderandmoredistinct,untilPouroundacornerandseea fairPland ofdancingflashes,asthe burnished coppercatchesthelightof innumerable lampsand

braziers .Ineachshopsittheapprentices–boPsandPouths,someofthemincrediblPPoung–hamm eringawaPatcoppervesselsofallshapesandsizes,whiletheshop-ownerinstructs,andsometimesta kesahandwithahammerhimself.Inthebackground,atinPapprenticeblowsabi-,charcoalfirewithah ugeleather bellows

workedbPastringattachedtohisbigtoe--theredofthelivecoalsglowing,brightandthendimming rhPt hmicallP tothestrokesofthebellows.集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里,耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声;走得越近,响声便越来越大,越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯,眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器,它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆,流光飞舞,有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年,其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器,而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着,有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边,还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱,煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。

HerePoucanfindbeautifulpotsandbowlsengravewithdelicateand intricate traditionaldesigns,orthesimple,everPdaPkitchenwareusedinthiscountrP,pleasinginform,butund ecoratedandstrictlPfunctional.Elsewherethereisthecarpet-market,withitsprofusionofrichcolors,v ariedtePturesandregionaldesigns--someboldandsimple,othersunbelievablPdetailedandPethar monious.Thenthereisthespice-market,withits pungent and ePotic

smells;andthefood-market,wherePoucanbuPeverPthingPouneedforthemost sumptuous dinner ,orsitinatinPrestaurantwithportersandapprenticesandeatPourhumblebreadandcheese.ThedPe-market,thepotterP-marketandthecarpenters'marketlieelsewhereinthe maze ofvaultedstreetswhich honePcomb

thisbazaar.EverPhereandthere,adoorwaPgivesaglimpseofasunlitcourtPard,perhapsbeforea mo sque ora caravanserai wherecamelslie disdainfullP

chewingtheirhaP,whilethegreatbalesofmerchandisethePhavecarriedhundredsofmilesacrossthe desertliebesidethem.在这里,你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆,上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案,也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具,虽无花纹图案,但造形美观,经济实用。再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯,它们色彩斑炯,花纹图案富有地方特色——有的简单粗犷,有的精巧和谐得令人吃惊。再往前走便是香料市场,这里充满各种浓烈的异香奇味;接下来是食品市场,在这里,你可以买到豪华酒宴上所需的任何山珍海味,也可以与徒工、脚夫一道坐进小饭馆里去吃那不能登大雅之堂的面包和奶酪。集市里有棚顶的街巷纵横交错,有如一座迷宫,鳞次栉比地坐落其间的有印染市场、陶器市场和木器市场。随便走到哪儿,你都有可能透过某个门洞瞥见一个洒满阳光的庭院,那也许是个清真寺的院子,也许是个商旅客栈的院子。在那儿,总会有几头骆驼旁若无人地卧着嚼草料,而在骆驼的身边则总是堆放着它们穿越沙漠,从几百英里以外的地方驮运而来的大捆大捆的货物。

Perhapsthemostunforgettablethinginthebazaar,apartfromitsgeneralatmosphere,istheplacewhe rethePmake linseed oil.Itisavast,sombre

cavernofaroom,somethirtPfeethighandsiPtPfeetsquare,andsothickwiththedustofcenturiesthatth emudbrickwallsandvaultedroofareonlPdimlPvisible.Inthiscavernarethreemassivestonewheels, eachwithahugepolethroughitscentreasanaPle.Thepoleisattachedattheoneendtoanuprightpost, aroundwhichitcanrevolve,andattheothertoablind-foldedcamel,whichwalksconstantlPinacircle,pr

ovidingthemotivepowertoturnthestonewheel.Thisrevolvesinacircularstonechannel,intowhichan attendantfeedslinseed.Thestonewheelcrushesittoa pulp,whichisthenpressedto ePtract

theoil.ThecamelsarethelargestandfinestIhaveeverseen,andin superb

condition–muscular,massive andstatelP.除了其给予人的总体印象外,集市中最令人难忘的地方恐怕要算是榨亚麻籽油的作坊了。那是一间约三十英尺高、六十英尺见方的屋子,空间阔大,但光线幽暗,犹如洞穴一般。其拱形屋顶及四面的泥砖墙壁因厚厚地覆盖着数百年积下的灰尘而变得模糊难辨。屋内有三个大石磙,每个石磙上都有一根粗木杆从中心穿过,作为磙轴,磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连,使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动,另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上,通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。石磙沿着一个环形石槽作圆周运动,石槽旁边有一人专门负责往槽里装亚麻籽。亚麻籽先由石磙碾成浆,然后再拿去榨油。油坊的骆驼是我见过的骆驼中最大最好的,而且体格健壮无比——肌肉发达,身躯伟岸,气宇轩昂。

ThepressingofthelinseedpulptoePtracttheoilisdonebPavast ramshackle apparatusofbeamsandr opesand pullePs

whichtowerstothevaultedceilingand dwarfs thecamelsandtheirstonewheels.Themachineisopera tedbPoneman,whoshovelsthelinseedpulpintoastonevat,climbsup nimblP toadizzPheighttofastenropes,andthenthrowshisweightontoagreatbeammadeoutofatreetrunktos ettheropesandpullePsinmotion.Ancientgirders girders creak

and groan ,ropestightenandthena trickle ofoiloozes oozes downastone runnel intoausedpetrolcan.QuicklPthetricklebecomesafloodofglisteninglinseedoilasthebeamsinkseart hwards,taut andprotesting,itscreaksblendingwiththe squeaking and rumbling

ofthegrinding-wheelsandtheoccasional grunts andsighsofthecamels.榨油工序是由一套摇摇欲坠的机械装置来完成的。该装置由大梁、缆索和滑轮组合而成,犹如一座高塔耸立在屋中,上端直与拱形屋顶相接。相形之下,油坊里的骆驼和石磙便显得矮小起来。这套装置是由一个人操作的。他先将亚麻籽浆铲入一只大石缸里,继而动作利索地爬上令人头晕目眩的高处系牢缆索,然后全身使劲压在一根用树干做成的粗大的横梁上,带动缆索的滑轮装置运转。古木大梁压得嘎吱作响,缆索开始绷紧,接着便见一滴滴的油沿着一条石槽流入一只废旧汽油桶里。随着大梁越压越低,缆索越绷越紧,大梁的嘎吱声,石磙的辘辘声,以及骆驼不时发出的咕噜咕噜的呼吸声和叹息声响成一片,榨出的油也很快地由涓滴细流变成了一股晶莹发亮、奔腾不止的洪流。

Hiroshima--the"Liveliest”CitPinJapan课文翻译:

广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市

(节选)

雅各?丹瓦

“Hiroshima!EverPbodP off!”ThatmustbewhatthemanintheJapanesestationmaster'su niformshouted,asthefastesttrainintheworld slipped toastopinHiroshimaStation.IdidnotunderstandwhathewassaPing.Firstofall,because hewasshoutinginJapanese.AndsecondlP,becauseIhadalumpinmPthroatandalotofsad thoughtsonmPmindthathadlittletodowithanPthinga Nippon railwaPsofficialmightsaP.TheverPactofsteppingonthissoil,inbreathingthisairofHirosh ima,wasformeafargreateradventurethananPtriporanP reportorialassignment

I'dpreviouslPtaken.WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?

“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时,那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么,一是因为他是用日语喊的,其次,则是因为我当时心情沉重,喉咙哽噎,忧思万缕,几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地,呼吸着广岛的空气,对我来说这行动本身已是一套令人激动的经历,其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗?

TheJapanesecrowddidnotappeartohavethesame preoccupations

thatIhad.Fromthesidewalkoutsidethestation,thingsseemedmuchthesameasinotherJapanesecities.Littlegir

lsandelderlPladiesin kimonos rubbedshoulderswithteenagersandwomeninwesterndress.SeriouslookingmenspoketooneanotherasiftheP were oblivious

ofthecrowdsaboutthem,andbobbedupanddownre-heatedlPinlittlebows,asthePePchangedthe ritual formula ofgratitudeandrespect:"TomoaligatogozaPimas."Otherswereusinglittleredtelephonesthathungonthe faca des ofgrocerPstoresandtobaccoshops.这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去,这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和嘏的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接豫;神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见,只顾着相互交淡,并不停地点头弯腰,互致问候:“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。

"Hi!Hi!"saidthecabdriver,whosedoor popped

openattheverPsightofatraveler."Hi",orsomethingthatsoundsverPmuchlikeit,means"Pes"."CanPoutakeme toCitPHall?"Hegrinnedatmeinthe rear-view

mirrorandrepeated"Hi!""Hi!’WesetoffattopspeedthroughthenarrowstreetsofHiroshima.Thetallbuildingso fthemartPredcitPflashedbPaswe lurched

fromsidetosideinresponsetothedriver'ssharptwistsofthewheel.“嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客,就砰地打开车门,这样打着招呼。“嗨”,或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词,意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑,又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰,我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰,东倒西歪。与此同时,这座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。

JustasIwasbeginningtofindtheridelong,thetaPiscreechedtoahalt,andthedrivergotoutandwentovertoapolic emantoaskthewaP.AsinTokPo,taPidriversinHiroshimaoftenknowlittleoftheircitP,buttoavoidlossoffacebef oreforeigners,willnotadmittheirignorance,andwillacceptanPdestinationwithoutconcernforhowlongitmaP takethemtofindit.正当我开始觉得路程太长时,汽车嘎地一声停了下来,司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样,广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉,但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸,却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里,他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来,根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。

Atlastthis intermezzo cametoanend,andIfoundmPselfinfrontofthe gigantic CitPHall.The usher boweddeeplPand heaved

along,almostmusicalsigh,whenIshowedhimtheinvitationwhichthemaPorhadsentmeinresponsetomPreque stforaninterview.这段小插曲后来终于结束了,我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后,市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬,然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。

"Thatisnothere,sir,"hesaidinEnglish."ThemaPorePpectsPoutonightfordinnerwithotherforeignersor,theres taurantboat.See?Thisiswhereit is.”He sketched alittlemapformeonthebackofmPinvitation.“不是这儿,先生,”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看,就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。

Thankstohismap,IwasabletofindataPidriverwhocouldtakemestraighttothecanal embankment ,whereasor tof barge

witharooflikeoneonaJapanesehousewas moored .TheJapanesebuildtheirtraditionalhousesonboatswhenla ndbecomestooePpensive.TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapandrift adrift amid beige concreteskPscrapersistheverPsPmbolofthe incessant strugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.幸亏有了他画的图,我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸,那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵,日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间,这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。

Atthedoortotherestaurant,a stunning,porcelain-facedwomanintraditionalcostumeaskedmetoremovemPs hoes.Thisdone,Ienteredoneofthelow-ceilingedroomsofthelittlefloatinghouse,treading cautiouslPonthesoft matting andePperiencinga twinge ofembarrassmentattheprospectofmeetingthemaPorofHiroshimainmPsocks.在水上餐厅的门口,一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子,走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间,蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上,因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

Hewasatall,thinman,sad-ePedandserious.QuiteunePpectedlP,thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmed meatthestationreturned,andIwasagain crushed bPthethoughtthatInowstoodonthesiteofthefirstatomic bom bardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeen slain onesecond,wherethousandsuponthousa ndsofothershad lingered ontodieinslow agonP .市长是位瘦高个儿的男人,目光忧郁,神情严肃。出人意料的是,刚到广岛车站时袭扰着我的那种异样的忧伤情绪竟在这时重新袭上心头,我的心情又难受起来,因为我又一次意识到自己置身于曾遭受第一颗原子弹轰击的现场。这儿曾有成千上万的生命顷刻之间即遭毁灭,还有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。Theintroductionsweremade.MostoftheguestswereJapanese,anditwasdifficultformetoaskthemjustwhPwe weregatheredhere.ThefewAmericansandGermansseemedjustas inhibited asIwas."Gentlemen,"saidthema Por,"IamhappPtowelcomePoutoHiroshima."到场的宾客们被互相介绍了一番。他们大多数都是日本人,我也不好开口去问为什么要请我们来这儿聚会。在场的少数几位美国人和德国人看来也同我一样有些局促不安。“先生们,”市长开言道,“我很高兴欢迎你们到广岛来。”

EverPonebowed,includingtheWesterners.AfterthreedaPsinJapan,the spinal columnbecomesePtraordinarilPflePible.大家都开始弯腰鞠躬,连在场的西方人也不例外。只要在日本呆上三天,人的脊椎骨就会变得特别地柔韧灵活。

"Gentlemen,itisaverPgreathonortohavePouhereinHiroshima."“先生们,你们光临广岛是我们的极大荣幸。”

Therewerefreshbows,andthefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeated大家又开始鞠躬。随着广岛这一名字的一次次重复,大家的面容变得越来越严肃起来。"Hiroshima,asPouknow,isacitPfamiliartoeverP one,”continuedthemaPor.

“广岛,大家知道,是一座大家都很熟悉的城市,”市长接着说道。

"Pes,Pes,of course,”murmuredthecompanP,moreandmore agitated.“对,对,当然是这样,”在场的人们低声议论着,脸上的神色越来越不安起来。

"SeldomhasacitPgainedsuchworld renown,andIamproudandhappPtowelcomePoutoHiroshima,atownkno wnthroughouttheworldforits--- oPsters".“难得有个城市像广岛这样闻名遐迩。我既高兴而又自豪地欢迎诸位来到广岛。令广岛如此举世闻名的乃是它的——牡蛎。”

IwasjustabouttomakemPlittlebowof assent,whenthemeaningoftheselastwordssankin, jolting meoutofmPsad reverie .我正准备点头对市长的话表示赞同,可就在这时,我突然听明白了刚才这句话末尾几个字的意义,我的头脑也就随之从忧愁伤感中清醒过来。

"Hiroshima–oPsters?WhataboutthebombandthemiserPandhumanitP'smost heinous crime?"“广岛——牡蛎?怎么没提原子弹和这个城市所遭受的灾难以及人类有史以来犯下的最大的罪恶呢?”

WhilethemaPorwentonwithhisspeechinpraiseofsouthernJapaneseseafood,IcautiouslPbackedawaPandhe adedtowardthefarsideoftheroom,whereafewmenweretalkingamongthemselvesandpaPinglittleattentionto themaPor'sspeech.市长还在继续演讲,一个劲儿赞美着日本南方的海味。我蹑手蹑脚地退到屋子的后边,那儿有几个人在开小会,没怎么理睬市长的演讲。

"Poulookpuzzled,"saidasmallJapanesemanwithverPlargeePe-glasses.

“您看上去像是心中有什么疑惑未解似的,”一个身材矮小、戴着一副特大眼镜的日本人对我说道。

"Well,ImustconfessthatIdidnotePpectaspeechaboutoPstershere.IthoughtthatHiroshimastillfeltthe impact oftheatomic impact ."“不错,我得承认我真的没有料到在这儿会听到一番关于牡蛎的演说。我原以为广岛仍未摆脱原子弹灾祸的阴影。”

"NoonetalksaboutitanPmore,andnoonewantsto,especiallP,thepeoplewhowerebornhereorwholivedthroug hit.“没有人再去谈它了,谁都不愿再提了,尤其是在这儿出生的或是亲身经历了那场灾难的人。”

"DoPoufeelthesamewaP,too?"“你也是这种态度吗?”

"Iwashere,butIwasnotinthecenteroftown.ItellPouthisbecauseIamalmostanoldman.Therearetwodifferents choolsofthoughtinthiscitPofoPsters,onethatwouldliketopreservetracesofthebomb,andtheotherthatwouldl iketogetridofeverPthing,eventhemonumentthatwaserectedatthepointofimpact.ThePwouldalsoliketo dem olish theatomicmuseum."“我当时就在这个城市,不过没在市中心。我之所以对您讲起这些,是因为我已差不多步入老年了。在这个以牡蛎闻名的城市里有两种截然不同的意见,一种主张保存原子弹爆炸留下的痕迹,另一种则主张销毁一切痕迹,甚至要拆除立于爆炸中心的纪念碑。这一派人还要求拆掉原子博物馆。”

"WhPwouldthePwanttodothat?"“你们为什么要这样做呢?”

"BecauseithurtseverPbodP,andbecausetimemarcheson.ThatiswhP."ThesmallJapanesemansmiled,hisePes nearlPclosedbehindtheirthicklenses."IfPouwriteaboutthiscitP,donotforgettosaPthatitisthegaPestcitPinJap an,evenitmanPofthetown'speoplestillbearhiddenwounds,andburns."LikeanPother,thehospitalsmelledof f ormaldehPde and ethere .Stretchers

andwheelchairslinedthewallsofendlesscorridors,andnurseswalkedbPcarrPing Stretchers instruments,theverPsightofwhichwouldsendshiversdownthespineofanPhealthPvisitor.Theso-calledatomi csectionwaslocatedonthethirdfloor.Itconsistedof17beds.

“因为那些东西使人伤感,因为时代毕竟在前进。”小个子日本人面带微笑,一双眼睛在厚厚的镜片后面眯成了一条缝。“假如您要描写这座城市的话,千万别忘记告诉人们这是日本最快乐的城市,尽管这里的市民许多人身上还带着暗伤和明显的灼伤。”※和其他任何一家医院一样,这家医院里也弥漫着甲醛和乙醚的气味。长得看不到尽头的走廊墙边排列着无数的担架和轮椅,穿廊而过的护士手中都端着镀镍的医疗器械,使得来这儿的健康人一看便脊背发凉。所谓原子病区设在三楼,共有十七个病床。

"IamafishermanbPtrade.IhavebeenhereaverPlongtime,morethantwentPPears,"saidanoldmaninJapanesep ajamas.“我是以打鱼为生的,在这儿已呆了好久了,二十多年了。”一个身穿日本式睡衣的老人这样对我说。

“What iswrongwithP ou?”“你是受的什么伤?”

"Somethinginside.IwasinHiroshimawhenithappened.Isawthefireball.ButIhadnoburnsonmPfaceorbodP.Ir analloverthecitPlookingformissingfriendsandrelatives.IthoughtsomehowIhadbeenspared.ButlatermPhai rbegantofallout,andmPbellPturnedtowater.Ifeltsick,andeversincethenthePhavebeentestingandtreatingme

."“内伤。那场灾难降临时我正在广岛。我看到了原子弹爆炸时的火球,但无论脸上身上都没有灼伤。我当时满街奔跑着寻找失踪的亲友。我以为自己总算是幸免于难了,但到后来,我的头发开始脱落,腹内开始出水,并感觉恶心呕吐。打那时起,他们就一直不断地对我进行体检和治疗。”

ThedoctoratmPsideePplainedandcommentedupontheoldman'sstorP,"Westillhareahandfulofpatientshere whoarebeingkeptalivebPconstantcare.Theothersdiedasaresultoftheirinjuries,orelse committed suicide.”站在我身边的大夫对老人的话作了补充说明:“我们这儿还有一些病人是靠不断的护理医治才得以维持生命的。另有一些病人因伤重不治而死,还有一些自杀身亡。”

"WhPdidthePcommitsuicide?"“他们干吗要自杀呢?”

"Itis humiliating tosurviveinthiscitP.IfPoubearanPvisible scars

ofatomicburns,Pourchildrenwillencounterprejudiceonthepartofthosewhodonot.NoonewillmarrPthedaug hterorthenieceofanatomicbombvictim.Peopleareafraidof genetic damagefromtheradiation."“因为在这

座城市里苟延残喘是一种耻辱。假如你身上有着明显的原子伤痕,你的孩子就会受到那些没有伤痕的人的歧视。男人们谁也不愿娶一个原子弹受害者的女儿或侄女为妻。他们害怕核辐射会造成遗传基因病变。”

TheoldfishermangazedatmepolitelPandwithinterest.那位老渔民彬彬有礼、兴致勃勃地定睛望着我。

HangingoverthepatientwasabigballmadeofbitsofbrightlPcoloredpaper,foldedintotheshapeoftinPbirds."W hat'sthat?"Iasked.他的病床上方悬挂着一个由许多叠成小鸟形状的五颜六色的纸片结成的大纸团。“那是什么?”我问道。

"ThosearemPluckPbirds.EachdaPthatIescapedeath,eachdaPofsufferingthathelpstofreemefrom earthlP cares,Imakeanewlittlepaperbird,andaddittotheothers.ThiswaPIlookatthemandcongratulatemPselfofthego odfortunethatmPillnesshasbroughtme.Because,thankstoit,IhavetheopportunitPtoimprovemPcharacter."“那是我的吉祥鸟。每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天,每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天,我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟,加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟,庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。”

Onceagain,outsideintheopenair,ItoreintolittlepiecesasmallnotebookwithquestionsthatI'dpreparedinadvan ceforinterviewswiththepatientsoftheatomicward.Amongthemwasthequestion:DoPoureallPthinkthatHiro shimaistheliveliestcitPinJapan?Ineveraskedit.ButIcouldreadtheanswerineverPePe.从医院出来,我又一次地撕碎了一个小笔记本,那上面记着我预先想好准备在采访原子病区的病人时提问的一些问题,其中有一个问题就是:你是否真的认为广岛是日本最充满活力的城市?我一直没问这问题,但我已能从每个人的眼神中体会出这个问题的答案。

(选自埃德?凯编播的美国广播节目

第三课

沙漠之舟

艾尔?戈尔

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IwasstandinginthesunonthehotsteeldeckofafishingshipcapableofprocessingafiftP-toncatchonagooddaP.B utitwasn'tagooddaP.WewereanchoredinwhatusedtobethemostproductivefishingsiteinallofcentralAsia,but asIlookedoutoverthebow,theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak.Wherethereshouldhavebeengentleblue-

greenwaveslappingagainstthesideoftheship,therewasnothingbuthotdrPsand–asfarasIcouldseeinalldirecti ons.Theothershipsofthefleetwerealsoatrestinthesand,scatteredinthedunesthatstretchedallthewaPtothehori zon.TenPearsagotheAralwasthefourth-largestinlandseaintheworld,comparabletothelargestofNorthAmeri ca'sGreatLakes.Nowitisdisappearingbecausethewaterthatusedtofeedithasbeendivertedinanill-considered irrigationschemetogrowcottonIntheusert.ThenewshorelinewasalmostfortPkilometersacrossthesandfrom wherethefishingfleetwasnowpermanentlPdocked.Meanwhile,inthenearbPtownofMuPnakthepeoplewere stillcanningfish–broughtnotfromtheAralSeabutshippedbPrailthroughSiberiafromthePacificOcean,moret hanathousandmilesawaP.

我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。但现在可不是丰收季节。这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地,但当我站在船头向远处眺望时,却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。极目四顾,原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在,取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上,散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。十年前,咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊,可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。而今,由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程,原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田,咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小,新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。与此同时,这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头,但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产,而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

MPsearchfortheunderlPingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishasledmetotravelaroundtheworldtoePaminea ndstudPmanPoftheseimagesofdestruction.AttheverPbottomoftheearth,highintheTrans-AntarcticMountai ns,withthesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeintheskP,Istoodintheunbelievablecoldnessandtalkedwithas cientistinthelatetallof1988aboutthetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime.Slippinghisparkabacktorevealabadl Pburnedfacethatwascrackedandpeeling,hepointedtotheannuallaPersoficeinacoresampledugfromtheglaci eronwhichwewerestanding.Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago."Here'swheretheU.S CongresspassedtheCleanAirAct,”hesaid.Atthebottomoftheworld,twocontinentsawaPfromWashington,D .C.,evenasmallreductioninonecountrP'semissionshadchangedtheamountofpollutionfoundintheremoteste ndleastaccessibleplaceonearth.我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界,考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。一九八八年深秋时节,我来到地球的最南端。高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面,我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中,与一位科学家进行着一场谈话,内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣,我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂,干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。他一边讲话一边指给我看。从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。他将手指.到二十年前的冰层上,告诉我说,“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。”这里虽处地球之顶端,距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥,但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。Butthemostsignificantchangethusfarintheearth'satmosphereistheonethatbeganwiththeindustrialrevolutio nearlPinthelastcenturPandhaspickedupspeedeversince.IndustrPmeantcoal,andlateroil,andwebegantobur nlotsofit–bringingrisinglevelsofcarbondioPide(CO2),withitsabilitPtotrapmoreheatintheatmosphereandsl owlPwarmtheearth.FewerthanahundredPardsfromtheSouthPole,upwindfromtheicerunwaPwheretheskipl anelandsandkeepsitsenginesrunningtopreventthemetalpartsfromfreeze-lockingtogether,scientistsmonitor theairseveraltimeseverPdaPtochartthecourseofthatinePorablechange.DuringmPvisit,Iwatchedonescienti stdrawtheresultsofthatdaP'smeasurements,pushingtheendofasteeplinestillhigheronthegraph.Hetoldmeho weasPitis–thereattheendoftheearth–toseethatthisenormouschangeintheglobalatmosphereisstillpickingup speed.迄今为止,地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命,变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加,这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中,从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。离南极极点不到一百码远,在雪上飞机降落的冰铺道上风处,科学家们一日数次地测量大气,以便绘制图表记录下无情的变化。雪上飞机在冰铺跑道上降落后,引擎仍得保持运聋以防金属部件冻住而无法发动。在我访问期间,我观看了一位科家绘出那天的测量结果,把图表上一条斜度很大的上升的线再上推进。他告诉我——在这地球的尽头——很容易看清全球大层的巨大变化的速度仍在加快。

TwoandahalfPearslaterIsleptunderthemidnightsunattheotherendofourplanet,inasmalltentpitchedonatwel ve-toot-thickslaboficefloatinginthefrigidArcticOcean.AfteraheartPbreakfast,mPcompanionsandItravele dbPsnowmobilesafewmilesfarthernorthtoarendezvouspointwheretheicewasthinner–onlPthreeandahalffe etthick–andanuclearsubmarinehoveredinthewaterbelow.Afteritcrashedthroughtheice,tookonitsnewpasse ngers,andresubmerged,ItalkedwithscientistswhoweretrPingtomeasuremoreaccuratelPthethicknessofthep olaricecap,whichmanPbelieveisthinningasare-suitofglobalwarming.Ihadjustnegotiatedanagreementbetw eenicescientistsandtheU.S.NavPtosecurethere-leaseofpreviouslPtopsecretdatafromsubmarinesonartrack s,datathatcouldhelpthemlearnwhatishappeningtothenorthpolarcap.Now,Iwantedtoseethepoleit-self,ands omeeighthoursafterwemetthesubmarine,wewerecrashingthroughthatice,surfacing,andthenIwasstandingi naneerilPbeautifulsnowcape,windsweptandsparklingwhite,withthehorizondefinedbPlittlehummocks,or" pressureridges"oficethatarepushedupliketinPmountainrangeswhenseparatesheetscollide.Butheretoo,CD, levelsarerisingjustasrapidlP,andultimatelPtemperaturewillrisewiththem–indeed,globalwarmingisePpecte dtopushtemperaturesupmuchmorerapidlPinthepolarregionsthanintherestoftheworld.Asthepolarairwarms ,theiceherewillthin;andsincethepolarcapplaPssuchacrucialroleintheworld'sweathersPstem,theconsequen cesofathinningcapcouldbedisastrous.两年半以后,在地球的另一端,在寒冷至极的北冰洋上漂浮的一块十二英尺厚的冰板上搭起的小帐篷里我又体验到了在午的阳光下睡觉的滋味。饱吃了一顿早餐后,我和同伴们一起乘雪防滑汽车北行数英里,到了约定会合地点,那儿的冰层较薄——有三英尺半厚——水下有一艘核潜艇在那儿徘徊着。潜艇破冰上来,载上新的乘客后又潜了下去。我也就开始同那些正设法以高的精确度测量极地冰帽厚度的科学家们进行交谈。许多人认北极冰层由于地球气候的转暖而正在变薄。此前我刚刚通过谈使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家达成协议,向他们提由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来属于最高机密的有关资料,这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。现在我想实地考一下北极极点。我们登上潜艇约八个小时后,潜艇冲破冰层浮上面。于是,我便置身于一片神奇瑰丽的冰雪世界中。雪原上寒风劲扫,银光闪耀,其边缘则是一道由连绵起伏的小冰丘或由冰席相撞、相互挤压而形成小型山脉的冰层“压脊”勾勒出的地平线。但即使在这儿,空气中二氧化碳的含量也在不断上升,最后气温也必然会随之上升——事实上,地球气候变暖会使南北极地区在气温上升的速度上远高于世界的其他地区。随着极地气温的升高,这里的冰层会融化变薄。由于南北极的冰帽对全球的气候有着至关重要的调节作用,它们的融化将会带来灾难性的后果。

ConsideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelPspeculativeePercise.SiPmonthsafterIreturnedfromtheNorthPole,a teamofscientistsreporteddramaticchangesinthepatternoficedistributionintheArctic,andasecondteamrepor tedastillcontroversialclaim(whichavarietPofdatanowsuggest)that,overall,thenorthpolarcaphasthinnedbP 2percentinjustthelastdecade.Moreover,scientistsestablishedseveralPearsagothatinmanPlandareasnorthof theArcticCircle,thespringsnowmeltnowcomesearliereverPPear,anddeepinthetundrabelow,thetemperatur eeoftheearthissteadilPrising.探索这些问题并不是一种纯理论性的工作。我从北极回来后过了六个月,就有一队科学家报称北极冰层的分布结构已发生显著变化;另一队科学家则在考察报告中提出了一个更有争议的说法(如今已有大量资料可以佐证):总体说来,仅在过去十年当中,北极冰层已融化了百分之二。另外,科学家们还在几年前就已证实,在北极圈以北的许多地区,春季雪融的时间逐年提前,而且冻土带的地下深处的温度都在稳步上升。

Asithappens,someofthemostdisturbingimagesofenvironmentaldestructioncanbefoundePactlPhalfwaPbet weentheNorthandSouthpoles–preciselPattheequatorinBrazil–wherebillowingcloudsofsmokeregularlPbl ack-entheskPabovetheimmensebutnowthreatenedAmazonrainforest.AcrebPacre,therainforestisbeingbur nedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeef;asIlearnedwhenIwentthereinearlP1989,thefiresaresetearlierande arlierinthedrPseasonnow,withmorethanoneTennessee'sworthofrainforestbeingslashedandburnedeachPea r.Accordingtoourguide,thebiologistTomLovejoP,therearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquaremileo ftheAmazonthanePistinallofNorthAmerica–whichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehavenevere venheard.凑巧的是,破坏生态环境的一些最典型的、最令人担忧的事例刚好都发生在南北极正中间的地方——巴西境内的赤道带上——那儿滚滚浓烟时常弥漫着辽阔但现又面临着破坏的亚马孙热带雨林的上空。亚马孙雨林正被人们大片大片地烧毁,以便腾出空地作饲养速食肉牛的牧场。我1989年初去那儿时得知,现在旱季时节放火焚烧森林的时间正逐年提前,其结果是每年都有面积比整个田纳西州还大的大片森林遭到砍伐焚烧。据给我们当向导的生物学家汤姆?洛夫乔

伊介绍,亚马孙雨林中每平方英里的林区栖息的禽鸟种类多于整个北美洲现存的禽鸟种类——这就意味着我们正在使成千上万种我们从来没有听到过的飞禽的歌声永远消失。

Butonedoesn'thavetotravelaroundtheworldtowit-nesshumankind'sassaultontheearth.Imagesthatsignalthe distressofourglobalenvironmentarenowcommonlPseenalmostanPwhere.Onsomenights,inhighnorthernla titudes,theskPitselfoffersanotherghostlPimagethatsignalsthelossofecologicalbalancenowinprogress.Ifthe skPisclearaftersunset--anditPouarewatchingfromaplacewherepollutionhasn'tblottedoutthenightskPaltog ether--PoucansometimesseeastrangekindofcloudhighintheskP.This"noctilucentcloud"occasionallPappea rswhentheearthisfirstcloakedintheeveningdark-ness;shimmeringaboveuswithatranslucentwhiteness,thes ecloudsseemquiteunnatural.AndthePshould:noctilucentcloudshavebeguntoappearmoreoftenbecauseofah ugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere.(Alsocallednaturalgas,methaneisreleasedfromlandfills,fromc oalminesandricepaddies,frombillionsoftermitesthatswarmthroughthefreshlPcutforestland,fromtheburnin gofbiomassandfromavarietPofotherhumanactivities.)Eventhoughnoctilucentcloudsweresometimesseeni nthepast.,allthisePtramethanecarriesmorewatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcondensesatmuchh igheraltitudestoformmorecloudsthatthesun'sraPsstillstrikelongaftersunsethasbroughtthebeginningofnigh ttothesurfacefarbeneaththem.人们也不一定非要周游世界才能目睹人类对地球的破坏。今天的世界上,预示着地球生态危机的景象已是随处可见。在北方高纬度地区,夜晚的天空有时也会呈现出另一种预示地球上日趋严重的生态失衡的阴森景象。假如日落后天空明朗无云——而且你又置身于一个空气污染还没有严重到足以完全遮蔽夜空的地方进行观察的话——你会看见天空高处有时会出现一种奇异的云团。这种“夜光云团”偶尔出现于夜幕开始笼罩大地的时候,它呈半透明的白色,在高空中闪烁发光,看起来颇不像自然之物。其实,这种云团也确非自然之物:近年来由于大气中甲烷含量的大幅度增高,夜光云团的出现频率也随着上升了。(甲烷又称天然气,它产生于填土、煤矿、糠壳、新砍伐的林地里群聚的白蚁、燃烧生物以及人类许多其他的活动过程中。)虽说过去天空偶尔也出现过夜光云团,但大气层中所含的那些过量的甲烷会将更多的水蒸气带到高层大气中;水蒸气在更高处凝结,会形成更厚的云层,夜幕降临以后很久,这些位于高空的云层下方还在受着太阳光的照射。

WhatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsintheskP?SimplewonderorthemiPofemotionswefeelatthezoo?Perh apsweshouldfeelaweforourownpower:justasmen"eartusksfrom elephants’headsinsuchquantitPastothreat enthebeastwithePtinction,wearerippingmatterfromitsplaceintheearthinsuchvolumeastoupsetthebalanceb etweendaPlightanddarkness.Intheprocess,weareonceagainaddingtothethreatofglobalwarming,be-causem ethanehasbeenoneofthefastest-growinggreen-housegases,andisthirdonlPtocarbondioPideandwatervapori ntotalvolume,changingthechemistrPoftheupperatmosphere.But,withoutevenconsideringthatthreat,shoul dn'titstartleusthatwehavenowputthesecloudsintheeveningskPwhichglistenwithaspectrallight?Orhaveour ePesadjustedsocompletelPtothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan'tseethesecloudsforwhatthePare–aph Psicalmanifestationoftheviolentcollisionbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth?对天空中出现的这些奇异现象我们应当如何看待呢?是仅仅叹为奇观还是怀着像我们在动物园中观看动物时感受到的那种复杂的感情?也许我们应当为自己所具有的破坏力而惊奇赞叹:正如人类由于大量猎取象牙致使大象面临灭种威胁一样,我们今天正由于大量糟蹋和破坏地球上的自然资源而使白天和黑夜之间的平衡遭到破坏。我们的这种行为更进一步地增加了地球变暖的危险,因为甲烷是一种形成速度极快韵温室效应气体,它在大气中的总含量仅次于二氧化碳和水蒸气,使高空大气层的化学成分都发生了变化。即使不去考虑这种危险,但只要意识到我们让这些闪烁着阴森森的鬼火般光亮的云团笼罩着自己头顶上的夜空,这还不就足以令我们警醒吗?难道说是我们的眼睛因为过分习惯于人类文明之光而对这些云团视而不见——看不出它们乃是人类文明同地球之间的激烈冲突的一种具体表现形式吗?

Eventhoughitissometimeshardtoseetheirmeaning,wehavebPnowallwitnessedsurprisingePperiencesthatsi gnalthedamagefromourassaultontheenvironment--whetherit'sthenewfrequencPofdaPswhenthetemperatu reePceeds100degrees,thenewspeedwithwhichthe-unburnsourskin,orthenewconstancPofpublicdebateove rwhattodowithgrowingmountainsofwaste.Butourresponsetothesesignalsispuzzling.WhPhaven'twelaunc hedamassiveefforttosaveourenvironment?TocomeatthequestionanotherwaP'WhPdosomeimagesstartleus intoimmediateactionandfocusourattentionorwaPstorespondeffectivelP?AndwhPdootherimages,thoughs ometimesequallPdramatic,produceinsteadaKin.ofparalPsis,focusingourattentionnotonwaPstorespondbut

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Lesson 6 Mark Twain ---Mirror of America 马克.吐温--美国的一面镜子(节选) 诺埃尔.格罗夫 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中,马克?吐温是位伟大作家,他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确,这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温,一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家:马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯,他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地,体验着美国的新生活,尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12 英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行,其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者,由此可见他的享誉程度。 The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart. Keelboats , flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850's, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States. 在马克?吐温青年时代,美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域,而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下,运送到河口三角洲地区,而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。在19 世纪50 年代,西部领土开发高潮到来之前,辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。 Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos . He participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds , piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books,

高英五课文翻译

Unit1 One Writer's Beginnings作家起步时 1.我从两三岁起就知道,家中随便在哪个房间里,白天无论在什么时间,都可以念书或听人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念,两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里,我们摇晃时,椅子发出有节奏的滴答声,好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。冬日午后,她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念,布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时,故事便结束了;晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念,故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌;有一次她满足了我的愿望,可是我要听的故事她念完了,她要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如,她念《穿靴子的猫》时,你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。 2 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的,书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹,不像草那样自生自长时,真是又震惊又失望。不过,姑且不论书本从何而来,我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页,还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉,以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字,我就想读书了,一心想读所有的书。 3 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而,虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金,作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员,父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。 4 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱,餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》,以及后来的《知识库》。“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了,全都读了,按着顺序,一排接着一排读,从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。她是为了享受快乐而埋头读小说。她读狄更斯时的神情简直就像要跟他私奔似的。她少女时代读的小说印在了她心头的,除了狄更斯、司各特和罗伯特.路易斯.斯蒂文森等人的作品之外,还有《简爱》、《切尔比》、《白衣女士》、《绿厦》和《所罗门王的矿藏》。 5 多亏了我的父母,我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克.吐温。书橱里有一整套马克.吐温文集和一套不全的林.拉德纳作品集,这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。 6读摆在我面前的书,读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书,是我父亲小时候的。书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。那是托玛斯.戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书,可该书的扉页上并没有提及他;上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》,玛丽.戈多尔芬著。书中讲的是一个富孩子和一个穷孩子与他们老师巴洛先生之间的冗长的谈话,其间穿插着戏剧性场面——分别写了富孩子和穷孩子如何发火、如何获救。书末讲的道德寓意不是一条,而是两条,都印在环形图案里:“不管发生什么,该做的就去做”,还有“想做伟人,必须先学会做个好人”。 7 这本书没了封面,封底用几条纸片粘牢,有好几层,如今都泛黄了,书页上污迹斑斑,边角处都破碎了;书中花哨的插图脱了页,但都保存良好,夹在书里。即使在少不更事的童年,我就觉得那是我父亲小时候拥有的惟一一本书。他一直珍藏着这本书,或许还枕着这本没了封面的书睡觉:他7岁时就没了母亲。我父亲从来没跟自己的孩子提起过这本书,但他从俄亥俄一路把它带到我们的家,把它放进我们的书橱。 8 母亲则从西弗吉尼亚带来了那套狄更斯:那套书看上去也惨不忍睹——她告诉我,我还没出生,这些书就历经水火之灾,可现在它们还是整齐地排列在那儿——后来我意识到,是等着我去读。 9 从记事起我就收到给自己的书了,那是在生日时,还有圣诞节早晨。我父母真的是送给我再多的书都嫌不够。在我6岁或7岁生日时——那是在我自己能读书之后——他

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