2016年高考英语考前语法梳理虚拟语气素材

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1 虚拟语气

序号知识要点已

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1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（三种情况）：表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反，

从句和主句中的使用情况？（牢记表格）

①if的省略（倒装）（哪三个助动词放句首时用倒装，而not 仍然放在句中。）

②错综时间条件句：从句和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致

③含蓄条件句：利用介词短语、分词短语、不定式、或连词来表现

注意：but for +名词=If it were not for+名词或If it hadn’t been for +名词=Were it not for +名词或Had it not been for +名词

④区分事实和虚拟部分。I am I would go with you.

I would have come, but I was busy.

2 虚拟语气用于固定结构

①用于表建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等引导的表语从句、同位语从句、

宾语从句中要用(should)+动词原形（有哪些名词或动词？）

注意点：区别insist（坚持要求；坚持认为）suggest（建议；表明，暗示）注意点：除了要求、建议等以外的词还有：prefer、urge 也用虚拟。

②用于主语从句： It is /was + 某些形容词/名词+ that 从句（(should) +

动词原形）

③It is (high) time + 从句（did/should）

④I wish/ If only +从句（对过去、现在或将来的虚拟）

过去用过去完成时；现在用一般过去时；将来用过去将来时

⑤用于as if/ though 从句（对过去、现在的虚拟）

注意点：as if/as though 也可用于陈述语气。

⑥用于 would rather 后的从句中（对过去、现在或将来的虚拟）

过去的用过去完成时，现在和将来的用一般过去时

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虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did

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虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we

英语四级语法 虚拟语气

虚拟语气 一．一般虚拟条件句 (1) 与现在事实相反 ——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry. ——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you. 那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为： 从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +… 主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋… (2) 与过去事实相反 ——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him. ——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident. 那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是： 从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时… 主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时… (3) 与将来事实相反 ——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs. ——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.

那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是： 从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋… 主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。 练习： 1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document. A.were B.had been C.will be D.would be (D) 2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me. A.were B.would have been C.would be D.had been (B) 3.W hat would you do if war _________ out. A.breaks B.could break C.had broken out D. were to break (D) 二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如： ——Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you.

(完整word版)初中英语语法专项虚拟语气

初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。 2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。 3. —If he ___________, he ________that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。 4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier. A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 解析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。 5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 解析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。 6. I wish I _____ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 解析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。 7. ——If he _____ , he _____ that food. ——Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 解析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 解析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

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虚拟语气 动词语气是用来表明说话人的看法和态度的。英语中 的语气有三种： ⒈ 陈述语气： 表示说话人认为他所表述的是事实，可用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句，可以是肯定的、 也可以是否定的。 如：If he comes here, I shall tell him. 如果他来这里，我会告诉他。（他很可能来） ⒉ 祈使语气： 表示对说话对方的要求、命令、请求、警告等，用于祈使句中。 如：Lock up the door. 把门锁上。（表达命令） ⒊ 虚拟语气： 表示所说的话是不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相 反的假设。 如：I wish he could come. 我希望他能来。（表达愿望） He suggested that we ( should ) come another day. 他建议我们改天来。（表建议） 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用： 英语中if 从句有两种：一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句，说明所提出的假想是可以实现的；另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的，叫非真实条件句，说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况： ⒈表示与现在事实相反： If + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式……，主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形…… （be 一般用were） 如：①If I were you, I would go by plane. 如果我是你，我将坐飞机去。（In fact I am not you. ） ②If he were here, he would decide what to do. 如果他在这里，他会决定做什么。（In fact he isn’t here.） ③If I had the letter at hand, I would read it. 如果我手头有这封信的话，我会读它的。（In fact I don’t have the letter at hand.） ④If she knew about it now, she would come. 如果她现在知道这件事的话，她会来的。（In fact she doesn’t know about it.） ⑤If he had time, he would go with you. 如果他有时间，他会同你一起去的。（In fact he is very busy, so he can’t go with you.） ⒉表示与过去事实相反： If + 从句主语+ had + 过去分词……，主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分

高考英语语法填空之虚拟语气

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