中学教材全解八年级英语(下)

Module 1 Hobbies

内容详解

1. Which hobby do you think takes up the least spacc?

你认为哪种爱好占用最少的空间？

（1）do you think在此用作插入语，意为“你认为，你觉得”。

When do you think they will arrive here?

你觉得他们会在什么时候到达这里？

How many books do you think there are in the box? 你认为箱子里有多少本书？

注意

do you think后的句子要用陈述语序。

（2）take up 占据

take up既可指时间上的“占据”，也可指空间上的“占据”。

The job takes up all my time. 这项工作占用了我所有的时间。

The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占空间。

注意

take up是一个由动词加副词构成的短语动词，当它的宾语是代词时，必须放在两者之间。[联想]

take off 起飞；脱下take out 拿出take away 拿走take back 归还take down 取下take photos 拍照take part in 参加

2. Sorry it's a bit untidy. 抱歉，这儿有点乱。

a bit意为“有点儿；稍微”，该短语在句中作程度状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或介词短语。a bit还可修饰比较级。

I was a bit ill. 我有点不舒服。

He is a bit older than I. 他比我大一点。

辨析：a hit与a little

相同之处：（1）两者都可以用作名词词组，意为“一点；少许”，在句中作主语或宾语；（2）两者都可以用作副词词组，用来修饰形容词、副词（原级或比较级）或动词。

不同之处：（1）作定语时，a little直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit后面需要加of；（2）如果两者的前面加上not, 则其意义完全不同。not a bit＝not at all，通常用作状语；not a little ＝very，可用作状语或定语。

一言辨异

Our English teacher often says that she is not a bit tired but in fact she is not a little tired.

我们的英语老师经常说她一点儿也不累，其实她非常累。

3. I'll tidy up the table and chairs. 我来收拾一下桌椅。

tidy up收拾，整理！

tidy up是由动词tidy和副词up构成的动词短语。它的宾语如果是名词，既坷以放在tidy 和up之间，又可放在tidy up之后；如果它的宾语是代词，则必须放在tidy和up中间。Lingling, please help tidy up the dinner table.

= Lingling, please help tidy the dinner table up. 玲玲，请帮忙收拾一下饭桌。

There are so many books on the desk. I'll tidy them up. 课桌上有这么多书，我将整理一下。

拓展

tidy还可用作形容词，意为“整洁的”，可以在句子中作定语或表语。

tidy的反义词是untidy，意为“不整洁的”。

You have a tidy / untidy bedroom.你们有一间整洁的/不整吉的卧室。

Their sitting room is very tidy/untidy. 他们的客厅非常整洁/不整洁。

4. You've got a wonderful collection. 你的收藏太棒了。

（1）have / has got是口语中常用的一个词组，意为“有”，相当于have或has。

I have got a new pen pal from the United States. 我有一位来自美国的新笔友。

He has got a lovely dog. 他有一只可爱的小狗。

温馨提示

（1）have / has got与have / has尽管含义相同，但从时态上看，前者是现在完成时，后者是一般现在时，故构成疑问句和否定句时应注意区别对待。

Have you got a new radio? Do you have a new radio? 你有一台新收音机吗？

（2）collection是名词，意为“收集；收藏品”。collector也是一个名词，意为“收藏家；收藏者”。collect是动词，意为“收集”。

She made a collection of coins. 她收集硬币。

He wants to be a great collector. 他想成为一名伟大的收藏家。

拓展

①v.+ -ion构成的名词

act +-ion—action 行动invent+-ion—invention 发明

direct +-ion—direction 方向impress +-ion—impression 印象

express+-ion—expression 表达discuss+-ion—discussion 讨论

②collect 或have a collection of 用来表示“收集……”。

有类似用法的词还有rest和look等。

Rest / have a rest 休息look / have a look at... 看……

5. I play the violin and I listen to music all the time. 我一直拉小提琴和听音乐。

all the time意为“总是，一直”，在句中作时间状语。

The little girl was laughing all the time. 那个小女孩一直笑个不停。

[联想]

on time 准吋in time 及时at times 有时from time to time 不时.

6. What made you so interested in music? 是什么让你对音乐如此感兴趣？

（1）make + sb. + adj. 使某人……，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。

Her words made me very happy. 她的话让我很开心。

（2）(be) interested in 对……感兴趣

Be / get / become interested in的主语往往是人，常常表示“某人对某事产生兴趣”。in 在这里是一个介词，后面可以跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

Almost all the children are interested in storybooks. 几乎所有的孩子都对故事书感兴趣。

I became interested in making things last year.

去年我对制作东西产生了兴趣。

辨析：interested与interesting

Interested 为表语形容词，只作表语，不作定语，表示人的状态。

Interesting 既可作表语也可作定语，修饰名词或代词，表示事物的特征或性质。

一言辨异

The students in Class T wo are all interested in this interesting story.

二班的学生都对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。

7. I often listened to him play the violin. 我过去经常听他拉小提琴。

（1）listen to，see，hear，watch等感官动词后可以接省to的动词不定式，作宾语补足语，表示经常性的动作或全过程，还可跟v. -ing形式。

用法歌诀

一感（feel)

二听（hear, listen to)

三让(make, let，have)

四看（look at，see，watch, notice)

I hear a girl sing English songs in the next door every morning.

我每天早晨听到一个女孩在隔壁唱英文歌。

（2）play后接西洋乐器名词时，名词前加定冠词the；后接球类名词时，名词前不加任何冠词。

The little girl is playing the piano. 这个小女孩正在弹钢琴。

He likes playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。

中考链接

She learned to play ______ piano all by herself.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

解析：当play后接西洋乐器时要加定冠词the。play the piano意为“弹钢琴”

答案：C

8. And he gave me my first violin eight years ago. 八年前，他送给我第一把小提琴。give sb. sth. 相当于give sth. to sb.. 意思为“给某人某物”。当sth.是代词的宾格时，只能用give sth. to sb…类似give能接双宾语的动词还有：pass，lend，Show等。

I gave the boy a book. ( = 1 gave a book to the boy.) 我给了那个男孩一本书。

9. There's a concert at Radio Beijing. 北京电台有一场音乐会。

这是there be结构，它表示“在某地方（或某事）存在什么人或物”，指客观存在。动词be与后面相邻的名词在数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。

There be结构与实义动词have不同，前者表“存在”，后者表“所有”。

There is an apple tree in the garden. 花园里有一棵苹果树。

There are some apple trees in the garden.花园里有一些苹果树。

They have some apple trees in the garden. 他们在花园里有一些苹果树。

10. I'm going to school with you! 我要和你们一起去上学啊！

本句是用现在进行时态表示将来，表示根据安排将要做某事，人作主语宜用现在时态。

I'm not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。

温馨提示

现在进行时表示将来，主要用于go，come，leave，start等表示去向的短暂性动词。

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

11. What's happening on Friday? 周五有什么事吗？

happen意为“发生”。本句中虽然用现在进行时，却表示将来的动作。这种用法常用来表示一些早已安排好，一般不会改变的即将发生的事情。

My father is leaving for Beijing. 我父亲要去北京。

辨析：happen与take place

（1）happen指具体的情况的发生，特别指那些偶然事件。

An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一场事故。

（2）take place常指一些按计划、安排发生的事情。

Great changes have taken place in these years. 这几年发生了巨大的变化。

第2单元

内容详解

1. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking after animals.

很多学生都有爱好，比如阅读、绘画、在他们的花园里种菜和照顾动物。

（1）such as“像，例如”，相当于口语中的like。

We all like ball games, such as basketball and football. 我们都喜欢球类运动，例如篮球和足球。

辨析：such as与for example

Such as 用于列举前面概述过的同类事物，不需要用逗号与其他成分隔开，只能位于名词或名词性词组前面

For example 用于举例说明，一般用逗号与其他成分隔开。位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末。

Jim has many good friends here，such as Liu Kai and Zhang Jun.

Jim has many good friends here, Liu Kai and Zhang Jun, for example.

吉姆在这里有许多好朋友，比如刘凯和张军。

（2）look after意为“照管，照料，关心”。

I must look after my old grandma.我必须照顾我年老的奶奶。

拓展

①look after的同义词组是take care of。

They take care of their babies. 他们悉心照料他们的孩子。

②look after的另一同义词组是care for。

He spent years caring for his sick mother. 数年中他一直在照顾他生病的母亲。

2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.

爱好可以使你们成长，培养你们的兴趣，并帮助你们学习新的技能。

（1）make在这里是一个使役动词，意为“使”，结构为“make+宾语+省略to的不定式（宾补）”。但如果用在被动语态中，则要加上to。

Don't make me do this or that . 不要让我做这做那的。

I was made to do this or that. 我被迫使去做这做那。

拓展

①make+宾语+形容词

My dog's death made me sad. 我的狗的死使我伤心。

②make +宾语+名词（表职位、头衔等的词）

We all made her our monitor. 我们都推选她当班长。

中考链接

—Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet（子弹）Fly?

—yes, it made me ______ many times.

A. laugh

B. cry

C. sleep

D. sing

解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。laugh“大笑”；cry“哭”；sleep“睡觉”；sing“唱歌”。句意为：“你看过那部搞笑的电影《让子弹飞》吗？”“是的，它使我大笑了许多次。”故选A。答案：A

（2）develop是动词，意为“发展”。developing是形容词，意为“发展中的”；developed 也是形容词，意为“发达的”。

China is a developing country, but Japan is a developed one.

中国是一个发展中国家，但日本是一个发达国家。

3. During the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer camp.

在2000年夏天，他参加了一个为期四周的夏令营。

spend意为“花费（钱/时间）”，主语一般是人，其结构是sb. spend (s) money / time on sth.或sb. spend（s）money / time (in) doing Sth.

He spends two hours on English every morning.

=He spends two hours in learning English every morning.

每天早晨他用两个小时的时间学习英语。

拓展

（1）表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”还可用动词take，其结构为：It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school every day.

我每天用20分钟步行去上学。

It will take us more than a year to build the tall building.

我们将用一年多的时间来建造这座高楼。

（2）表示“花费”的句型汇总：

①人+spend(s) +时间/金钱+ 1.（in）doing sth. 2. on sth.

②It + takes+人+时间+to do sth.

③人+pay(s)+金钱+ for sth.

④物+cost(s)+人+金钱

[译]她花了10元钱买这本书。

She spent ten yuan on/buying the book.

She paid ten yuan for the book.

The book cost her ten yuan.

中考链接

I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.

A. spend

B. cost

C. take

D. pay

解析：本题考查动词辨析。spend, cost, take和pay都可以表示“花费”。spend和pay用人作主语；cost用物作主语；take常用it作形式主语。本句的主语是I，故排除B、C两项；spend的常用搭配为：spend... on/(in) doing sth. ；pay常用于pay for结构中。由句中

的playing可知本句考查“spend... (in) doing sth.”这一结构。故选A项。

答案：A

4. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mountain biking...

除了普通的活动，如帆船、攀登和骑山地自行车外……

as well as在此用作介词短语，意为“除了”，相当于besides或in addition to。

As well as visiting Beijing, we spent a day in Tianjin. 除了游览北京以外，我们还在天津度过了一天。

拓展

as well as意为“并且，还”，用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。

She is clever as well as beautiful.她既美丽又聪明。

They sell hooks as well as newspapers.他们既卖报纸也卖书。

He as well as his parents goes to Hong Kong every year.他和父母每年去香港。

5. She asked us to imagine that we were in a story. 她让我们想象我们身处故事之中。（1）ask sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”。

T om often asks me to go shopping with him. 汤姆经常让我和他一起去购物。

Please ask the boys not to play football here. 请让那些男孩子不要在此踢足球。

（2）imagine意为“想象，其后常跟名同、动名词。也可以接从句作宾语，但不能用在进行时中。

I can't imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他长什么样。

I didn't imagine becoming a writer. 我并未想过要成为一名作家。

6. In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out as a book in 2003.

在高中时，大卫写了一个关于青少年生活的故事，并于2003年成书出版。

come out 出版

Her book won't come out until next year.她的书要到明年才能出版。

拓展

come out还有“开花，发芽，出现”之意。

The flowers came out yesterday. 那些花儿昨天开了。

The moon came out from the clouds. 月亮从云里出来了。

7. Many teenagers love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.

很多青少年都喜欢他的书，大卫也因此成为一名成功的年轻作家。

（1）as a result意为“结果，因此”。

She didn't study hard, and as a result, she failed the exam.

她没有努力学习，结果考试没有及格

辨析：as a result与so

as a result “结果，因此”，一般放在句首，后面加逗号。

So “因此”，既可放在句首，也可放在句中，两种情况so后面都不加逗号

The traffic was heavy. As a result, I was late. 交通很拥挤，结果我迟到了。

I got up late, so I missed the early bus.我起床晚了，所以错过了早班公共汽车。

（2）become的用法

用作连系动词，其后接名词或形容词。

He became a teacher at the age of 17. 他17岁就当了老师。

The weather became warmer. 天气变得暖和起来。

注意

become是终止性动词，它不能与表示一段时间的单词或短语连用；become也不可与不定式连用。

8. David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success, but he is also interested in many other things.

大卫一直很幸运，因为他的爱好给他带来了快乐和成功，但他对很多其他事情也感兴趣。（1）这是一个含有because引导的原因状语从句的复合句。because表示“因为”，作连词，用于引导表示原因的状语从句。

Your parents will do everything for you because they love you.

你的父母愿意为你做一切事情，因为他们爱你。

（2）enjoyment n.快乐，享受

The guests drank the grape wine with enjoyment. 客人们愉快地品尝了葡萄酒。

[联想]

①enjoy v. 喜欢。后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

My father enjoys running. 我父亲喜欢跑步。

②enjoyable a dj. 高兴的，令人愉快的。在句中作定语或表语。

（3）success n；成功，胜利

I wish you success with your studies. 祝你学业有成。

[联想]

1. successful adj.成功的

2. successfully adv.成功地

3. succeed v.成功

9. It's sometimes difficult to remember that we shouldn't spend all our time on our favourit hobby.

有时候，我们很难记住我们不该把所有的时间都用在最喜欢的爱好上。

（1）这是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。it是形式主语，动词不定式短语to remember...是真正的主语。这个句型结构为“It is+ adj. ( + for/of sb.)+to do sth.”意为“（对某人来说)做某事是……”。

（2）It is very easy to ride a bike. 骑自行车很容易。

It’s better to stay at home. 最好待在家里。

It s very important to learn English well.

＝T o learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。

（2）sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的频率。

He sometimes comes to see me. 他有时来看我。

辨析：sometimes, some times, sometime与some time

①sometimes有时

②some times数次

③sometime某时

④some time 一段时间

八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习题

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江苏省南通市2020-2021学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编：任务型阅读专题

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