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语法知识—从原始社会到奴隶社会的易错题汇编含答案解析

语法知识—从原始社会到奴隶社会的易错题汇编含答案解析
语法知识—从原始社会到奴隶社会的易错题汇编含答案解析

一、选择题

1.封建制生产关系下生产力的发展体现在()

A.石器农具广泛使用B.水利事业有了较大发展

C.城市出现、文字发明使用D.脑力劳动和体力劳动分工

2.某校开展了一次有关“原始社会生存状况”的研讨,有同学说,那是个“石斧凿洪荒,弓箭穿林莽”的社会,形容的是()

A.原始社会生产力的状况

B.原始社会生产关系的状况

C.原始社会氏族组织的状况

D.阶级社会生产力的状况

3.文明之初的阶级与国家,是指人类社会由原始社会进入阶级社会时期的阶级与国家。在这一时期,阶级和国家刚刚形成,阶级的划分、阶级斗争的形式和国家机器的专政职能具有明显的时代性、特殊性。下列体现阶级和国家关系的有( )

①国家是阶级矛盾不可调和的产物

②国家是在阶级对立的基础上产生的

③阶级是在国家产生之后产生的

④阶级是在一定生产关系中处于不同地位的各种集团

A.①②B.③④C.②③D.①④

4.俄国爆发“十月革命”,建立了无产阶级政权,确立了社会主义生产关系。下列属于社会主义生产关系的特点是()

①劳动者共同占有生产资料②劳动者平均分配劳动成果

③个人消费品实行按需分配④消灭了人剥削人的制度

A.①②B.③④C.②③D.①④

5.在奴隶制国家,奴隶主阶级能够集中大量的生产资料和奴隶,组织规模较大的生产协作,完成巨大工程,这在原始社会是不可能做到的。由此可见()

①奴隶制生产关系与当时的生产力发展水平相适应

②原始社会是没有剥削和压迫的社会

③奴隶社会代替原始社会是人类历史的进步

④奴隶主阶级对奴隶阶级的剥削和压迫是合理的

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

6.马克思把人类社会历史划分为依次更替的五种社会形态:原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会、共产主义社会(社会主义社会是它的第一阶段)。五种社会形态划分的依据是()

A.人的发展状况B.地理环境的状况

C.生产力的水平D.生产关系的性质

7.私有制和阶级的产生,是以生产力发展到一定水平为前提的,是伴随着生产力的发展而来的社会分工和交换的不断发展逐步完成的。下列标志着私有制确立的是

A.生产工具归家庭私有B.牲畜开始归家庭私有

C.剩余产品的出现D.土地变成私有财产

8.达尔文在环球考察中记叙过这样一件事:一个欧洲人来到美洲的火地岛,送给岛上的居民一条被子。不料接受赠物的居民把被子撕成一块块的布片,分给了当地的每一个人。好端端的被子顷刻间变成了用处不大的碎布片。此事例说明()

A.平均分配产品是原始社会生产关系的突出特点

B.原始社会低下的生产力使人们不得不共同劳动

C.原始社会的人们共同占有生产资料,平等互助

D.在原始社会的氏族制度下,氏族内部没有人压迫人的现象

9.黑猩猩能够利用树枝从树洞中掏食昆虫,如果树枝不合适,他还会整修树枝,人的劳动也具有这些外部特征,二者的区别是()

①人和动物都有萌芽状态的,对劳动资料的使用和创造。

②劳动是有意识的实践活动,动物只能进行本能活动。

③只有人会制造工具,动物最多的是萌芽状态的利用和制造。

④劳动是人类的特征,工具是“人猿相揖别”的关键因素

A.①③B.②④C.②③D.①④

10.下列对这首歌谣的认识正确的有()

①是封建社会剥削关系的真实写照

②反映了地方官田赋税过重农民难以承受的现实处境

③表明封建社会地主只给农民最低限度的生活资料

④封建地主和农民是人类社会最早形成的两大对立阶级

A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④

11.社会进步是通过新旧社会形态的更替实现的,新的社会形态代替旧的社会形态具有所中必然性,是不可阻挡的。而社会进步又不是一帆风顺的,它不可避免的要遭到旧势力和反动阶级的反抗,这是社会进步曲折性和复杂性的重要原因。衡量社会进步与否的主要标准是()

A.是否消灭了生产资料的私人占有制

B.人民群众是否成为社会发展的主体

C.生产关系是否适应生产力的发展要求

D.上层建筑能否服务于先进的政治制度

12.拉法格说:“私有观念对于一切资产者是非常自然的,但当初跑进人们的脑筋却不容易。当人们开始思考时,恰恰相反,他们首先想到的是一切应归大家。”这一观点()A.揭示了私有观念具有永恒性和普遍性

B.表明了自私作为一种思想意识,是资本主义的产物

C.肯定了自私只能是生产力发展的产物,绝不是一切人的本质属性

D.承认了私有观念并非是天生的,公有观念才是人生而具备的

13.人类社会由原始社会发展到奴隶社会,再由奴隶社会发展到封建社会,以至在封建社会内部产生资本主义生产关系的萌芽,从根本上说都是()

A.生产关系演变的结果B.生产力发展的结果

C.科技文化的不断进步D.阶级和阶级矛盾激化的原因

14.一直生活在云南的原始部落苦聪人中流传着三句话:有饭大家吃,有事大家做,没饭大家饿。苦聪人每逢过年,一家人杀猪,大家都去吃肉喝酒,然后又去吃另一家的。这反映了()

①原始人对本氏族、部落以外的人一视同仁

②原始人没有私有观念

③原始人具有原始的道德观念

④原始人具有今天所提倡的集体主义思想、大公无私

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④

15.在古罗马,奴隶主把生产工具分为三种:第一种是“会说话的工具”,即奴隶;第二种是“有声的工具”指耕牛一类;第三种是“无声的工具”,如大车等。材料反映了在奴隶社会()

A.共同占有生产资料B.生产工具私有标志私有制确立

C.奴隶主完全占有奴隶和全部生产资料D.人类摆脱了野蛮状态进入文明时代16.私有观念对于一切资产者是非常自然的,但当初跑进人们的头脑却不容易。这是因为()

A.私有观念是人所固有的B.私有观念是资本主义的产物

C.私有观念是生产力发展的结果D.私有观念催生了私有制的产生

17.在从原始社会到奴隶社会的演变过程中。下列传导路径正确的是

①生产力的发展

②私有制的确立

③生产工具的改进

④对立阶级的出现

A.①→③→②→④B.①→③→④→②

C.③→①→④→②D.③→①→②→④

18.原始社会末期,生产工具改进,生产力的发展,个体劳动逐渐盛行,由此引发了一系列变化,导致原始社会解体。对于这些变化认识正确的是()

①生产资料由公有转归家庭私有②氏族成员地位逐渐不平等

③氏族制度得到进一步的巩固④奴隶制发国家产生了

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

19.2019年,意大利返还796件(套)中国文物艺术品。796件(套)文物艺术品时间跨度长达5000年,上至新石器时代,下至明清民国时期,具有较高的历史、文化和科学价值。下列关于新石器时代的说法正确的是

①以文字的发明和应用为标志进入文明时代

②人们从食物的采集者变为生产者

③原始畜牧业和农业开始出现

④广泛使用金属工具

A.①③B.①④C.③④D.②③

20.恩格斯说,在新的设防城市的周围屹立着高峻的墙壁并非无故:他们的堑壕成了氏族制度的墓穴,而它们的城楼已经耸入文明时代了。这段话()

①折射了原始社会解体的历史必然性②否认了氏族制度的历史合理性

③肯定了奴隶制的历史进步性④揭示了奴隶制的历史局限性

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

21.美国一位考古学家在考察印第安原始部落时,送给当地部落首领一件皮大衣。某校高一(1)班学生就这件皮大衣的命运进行猜测并展开讨论,结果如下表:

的根本原因是()

A.②b B.③d C.④a D.④e

22.奴隶社会、封建社会和资本主义社会的共同之处是()

①都以生产资料私有制为基础②劳动者没有人身自由

③鼓吹“君权神授”④都存在着阶级剥削

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④

23.在奴隶社会,体力劳动和脑力劳动分工的出现()

①为古代科学文化的发展创造了必要前提②标志着人类进入阶级社会

③表明奴隶制的确立④反映了社会生产力发展的客观要求

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④

24.在奴隶社会,生产力水平有了进一步提高,农业、畜牧业、手工业显著发展起来,商业和城市日益繁荣。这表明()

①奴隶制的建立适应了当时生产力的发展要求

②奴隶是奴隶社会发展的最终决定力量

③奴隶制是一种残酷的剥削和压迫制度

④奴隶社会代替原始社会是人类历史发展中的一个巨大进步

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④

25.私有制和阶级的产生是不可避免的。下列关于私有制、私有观念、阶级三者的内在逻辑关系推导正确的是()

A.阶级→私有制→私有观念B.私有制→私有观念→阶级

C.私有观念→私有制→阶级D.私有观念→阶级→私有制

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

1.B

解析:B

【详解】

A:古人类生活时期长达二三百万年,其中绝大部分时期处于旧石器时代,那时,人们主要靠采集天然食物为生。距今约一万年前,人类进入了新石器时代,原始畜牧业和农业开始出现,人们从食物的采集者变为生产者,A不符合题意。

B:铁制农具广泛使用和推广,耕作技术显著进步,水利事业有了较大发展,手工业发展,商业和城市逐渐发展,B正确。

CD:奴隶社会代替原始社会后,金属工具的广泛使用、城市的出现、文字的发明和应用、脑力劳动和体力劳动的分工等,促进了生产力的发展,使人类摆脱蒙昧野蛮的状态,迈入了文明时代的门槛,CD不符合题意。

故本题选B。

2.A

解析:A

【详解】

A:“石斧”、“弓箭”属于生产工具,代表的是低下的生产力水平,因此,“石斧凿洪荒,弓箭穿林莽”这一现象反映了原始社会生产力的状况,A正确。

B:材料未涉及生产资料、分配关系、人们的地位等等,不属生产关系范畴,B不符合题意。

C:材料仅仅阐释了生产力状况,未涉及氏族组织的状况,C不符合题意。

D:材料阐释的是原始社会的生产力状况,原始社会是无阶级的社会,D不符合题意。

故本题选A。

3.A

解析:A

【详解】

①②:原始社会后期,由于生产力发展,形成了奴隶主和奴隶两大对立阶级,他们之间的利益是根本对立的,矛盾是不可调和的。奴隶主的残酷压榨和剥削必然遭到奴隶的反抗,奴隶主为了维护其阶级的利益,就需要建立一整套暴力机构,包括军队、法庭、监狱等。这样,出现了人类历史上最早的国家——奴隶制国家,①②符合题意。

③:随着原始社会的解体,出现两大地位不同的集团---奴隶主阶级和奴隶阶级,奴隶主为了镇压奴隶的反抗,建立暴力机关第一个类型的国家出现,所以阶级是在国家产生之后产生的说法错误,③错误。

④:题干要求的是反映阶级和国家关系的内容,④选项内容没有体现阶级和国家关系,④不符合题意。

故本题选A。

4.D

解析:D

①④:社会主义生产关系的特点是:劳动者共同占有生产资料;消灭了人剥削人的制度,人们在生产过程中建立起互助合作的关系;个人消费品实行按劳分配。①④符合题意。

②:劳动者平均分配劳动成果是原始社会生产关系的特点,②不符合题意。

③:个人消费品实行按需分配是共产主义社会生产关系的特点,③不符合题意。

故本题选D。

5.B

解析:B

【详解】

①:“奴隶主阶级能够集中大量的生产资料和奴隶,组织规模较大的生产协作,完成巨大工程”可知,奴隶制生产关系与当时的生产力发展水平相适应,故①正确。

②:原始社会晚期已经出现了剥削和压迫,故②错误。

③:根据材料“组织规模较大的生产协作,完成巨大工程”可知,奴隶社会代替原始社会是人类历史的进步,故③正确。

④:奴隶主阶级对奴隶阶级的剥削和压迫具有野蛮性,是不合理的,故④错误。

故本题选B。

6.D

解析:D

【详解】

D:以生产关系的不同性质为标准,可以把人类历史划分为依次更替的五种社会形态,即原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会、共产主义社会,社会主义社会是共产主义社会的第一阶段,这是历史唯物主义划分社会形态的基本方法,D符合题意。

ABC:人的发展状况、地理环境的状况、生产力的水平均不是划分社会形态的依据,排除ABC。

故本题选D。

7.D

解析:D

【详解】

D:在金属器物出现以前的漫长石器时代,由于生产力水平极端低下,当时不可能产生私有制和阶级。当人类开始使用金属工具,并把生产力水平提高到能够提供剩余产品的时候,才给私有制的产生创造了物质基础,并为占有他人劳动产品、进行经济剥削提供了可能。最早归家庭私有的主要是生产工具和牲畜,后来土地也变成私有财产,这标志着私有制的确立,D符合题意。

ABC:剩余产品的出现给私有制的产生创造了物质基础,并为占有他人劳动产品、进行经济剥削提供了可能。最早归家庭私有的主要是生产工具和牲畜,但这些均不是私有制产生的标志,ABC与题意不符。

故本题选D。

【点睛】

原始社会的解体:

原始社会末期,生产工具的改进,大大推动了生产力的发展。随着生产力的发展,个体劳动逐渐盛行起来。原来以氏族为单位的共同劳动,被以家庭为单位的个体劳动代替,生产资料相应地由氏族公有转归家庭私有。最早归家庭私有的主要是生产工具和牲畜,后来土地也变成私有财产,这标志着私有制的确立。贫富分化的加剧,使氏族成员的地位越来越不平等,漫长的原始社会解体了。

8.A

解析:A

【详解】

A:接受赠物的居民把被子撕成一块块的布片,分给了当地的每一个人。好端端的被子顷刻间变成了用处不大的碎布片,这体现了平均分配产品是原始社会生产关系的突出特点,A符合题意。

BCD:题干中反映的是原始社会生产关系中平均分配的特点,没有体现原始社会低下的生产力、原始社会的人们共同占有生产资料以及氏族制度下氏族内部的压迫现象,BCD不符合题意。

故本题选A。

9.C

解析:C

【详解】

①:动物不会创造劳动资料,故①项错误。

②:人和动物的区别在于人会劳动,劳动是有意识的实践活动,动物只能进行本能的活动,故②项正确。

③:只有人会制造工具,动物不会制造工具,最多是萌芽状态的利用和制造,故③项正确。

④:劳动是人类的特征是,是人和动物相区别的关键因素,故④项错误。

故本题选C。

10.A

解析:A

①②:一亩官田七斗收,先将六斗送皇州,只留一斗完婚嫁,愁得人来好白头。这反映了地方官田赋税过重农民难以承受的现实处境,是封建社会剥削关系的真实写照,①②符合题意。

③:应该是奴隶主只给奴隶最低限度的生活资料,故排除③。

④:奴隶主和奴隶是人类社会最早形成的两大对立阶级,④说法错误,排除。

故本题选A。

11.C

解析:C

【详解】

C:一种社会形态替代另一种社会形态,究竟是历史的进步还是倒退,判断的主要标志是看生产关系是否适应生产力的发展。C符合题意。

A:衡量社会进步与否的标准,不是看生产资料是私有还是公有,主要应看这个社会的生产关系是否适应生产力的发展要求。A错误。

B:人民群众任何时候都是社会发展的主体。B说法错误。

D:衡量社会进步与否的标准是看生产关系是否适应生产力的发展要求,而且上层建筑应该是为经济基础服务的。D排除。

故本题选C。

12.C

解析:C

【详解】

AB:“私有观念对于一切资产者是非常自然的”是说私有观念是私有制的产物,并不具有永恒性和普遍性,故A错误,B不选。

C:“当人们开始思考时,恰恰相反,他们首先想到的是一切应归大家",说明私有观念不是从来就有的,私有观念是一种思想意识是社会存在在人头脑重的反映,是人类社会出现私有制后的产物,是生产力发展的产物。在生产力高度发展后,私有观念将会消灭。所以自私不是一切人的本质的属性,故C正确。

D:材料中的观点承认私有观念并非是天生的,但并未涉及公有观念是人生而具备的。故D 不选。

故本题选C。

13.B

解析:B

【详解】

A:生产力决定生产关系,生产关系反作用于生产力。生产关系不是社会发展的根本因素,排除A。

B:人类社会由原始社会发展到奴隶社会,再由奴隶社会发展到封建社会,以至在封建社会内部产生资本主义生产关系的萌芽,从根本上说都是生产力发展的结果,A符合题意。C:科技文化的不断进步不是人类社会形态演变的根本因素,C不合题意。

D:阶级和阶级矛盾激化促使国家的出现,但不是推动发展的根本原因,排除D。

故本题选B。

14.C

解析:C

【详解】

①:材料描述的环境是在本氏族、部落成员范围内,不涉及氏族、部落以外的人,且原始社会部落之间,一般不会一视同仁,不选①。

④:“原始人具有今天所提倡的集体主义思想、大公无私”的说法超越了历史条件的制约,④观点错误。

②③:有饭大家吃,有事大家做,没饭大家饿。苦聪人每逢过年,一家人杀猪,大家都去吃肉喝酒,然后又去吃另一家的。这反映了原始人没有私有观念,原始人具有原始的道德观念,故②③入选。

故本题选C。

解析:C

【详解】

A:材料中,奴隶主把努力当做“会说话的工具”,说明奴隶主和奴隶不可能共同占有生产资料,事实上也是奴隶主占有奴隶和生产资料,A错误。

B:土地私有标志私有制确立,B错误。

C:材料中,奴隶主把努力当做“会说话的工具”,加之第二种、第三种工具,这体现了奴隶主完全占有奴隶和全部生产资料,C符合题意。

D:文字的出现,标志着人类进入文明时代,材料未体现,D不符合题意。

故本题选C。

16.C

解析:C

【详解】

A:私有观念不是从来就有的,私有观念是一种思想意识是社会存在在人头脑中的反映,A 错误。

BC:私有观念是原始社会末期生产力发展到一定程度的产物,B错误,C正确。

D:私有制催生了私有观念的产生,D错误。

故本题选C。

【点睛】

17.D

解析:D

【详解】

D:原始社会末期,生产工具的改进推动了生产力的发展,随着生产力的发展,个体劳动盛行,生产资料由氏族公有转归家庭私有,私有制确立之后出现了贫富两极分化,于是阶级产生了。③→①→②→④的传导路径正确。D中的传导路径正确。

ABC:其它选项中的传导路径都是错误的。

故本题选D。

18.A

解析:A

【分析】

【详解】

①②:原始社会末期,生产工具的改进大大推动了生产力的发展。随着生产力的发展,个体劳动逐渐盛行起来。原来以氏族为单位的共同劳动,被以家庭为单位的个体劳动代替,生产资料相应地由氏族公有转归家庭私有。私有制的出现,使得氏族成员地位逐渐不平等,原始社会逐渐解体,①②观点符合题意。

③:原始社会末期,氏族制度逐渐解体,而不是得到进一步的巩固,③观点不符合题意。

④:奴隶制国家产生在原始社会解体之后,④观点与题意无关。

故本题选A。

19.D

解析:D

【详解】

本题考查新石器时代特点、人类进入文明时代的标志。①④:奴隶制取代原始社会后,以文字的发明和应用为标志进入文明时代,广泛使用金属工具,①④不符合题意。

②③:距今约一万年前,人类进入了新时期时代,原始畜牧业和农业开始出现,人们从食物的采集者变为生产者,②③正确。

故本题选D。

【点睛】

本题属于组合选择题,可采用以下方法解答:1.排除法。就是对照题干的规定性,先找出错项,再找出与题意不符或者与题意无关的选项,依次排除错项、与题意不符或者与题意无关的选项的方法,本题可排除①④。2.代入法。就是在弄清题干要求的前提下,先从参与组合次数最多的选项人手,对其正误进行分析判断,然后代入,从而排除错误选项的方法。3.组合法。即以题干的要求为标准,先审视所列的各项,判断出很有把握的正确选项,然后将正确选项组合,再到题肢中寻觅答案的方法。

20.B

解析:B

【详解】

①③:题干反映的是文明产生的一个重要标志:城市的出现,“它们的壕沟深陷为氏族制度的墓穴,而它们的城楼已经耸入文明时代了”折射了原始社会解体的历史必然性,肯定了奴隶制的历史进步性,①③符合题意。

②:“他们的堑壕成了氏族制度的墓穴”意味着氏族制度的瓦解有其必然性,而不是反映其合理性,②排除。

④:“它们的城楼已经耸入文明时代了”反映的是奴隶制的历史进步性,而不是反映其历史局限性,④排除。

故本题选B。

21.C

解析:C

【详解】

C:原始社会低下的生产力使人们不得不共同劳动,共同占有生产资料,在生产中结成平等互助的关系,平均分配劳动产品。这是原始社会生产关系的特点。在原始社会,按照血缘关系结成的氏族是原始人共同生活的基本单位。美国一位考古学家在考察印第安原始部落时,送给当地部落首领一件皮大衣。这件皮大衣会被撕成条分给大家,这是由当时生产力水平低下决定的平均分配,C符合题意。

ABD:ABD中对应的皮衣命运和主要原因均不符合原始社会生产力和生产关系状况,排除。故本题选C。

22.B

解析:B

①④:从奴隶社会到资本主义社会,都是私有制的社会,统治阶级凭借对生产资料的占有,不断的剥削被统治阶级,①④正确。

②:在奴隶社会里,奴隶没有人身自由,但在封建社会里,农民有一定的人身自由,在资本主义社会,工人是能够自由出卖自己劳动力的人,②表述错误。

③:在封建社会里,统治阶级为了维护自己的统治,散步封建迷信,鼓吹君权神授,而在资本主义社会和奴隶社会并没有,③表述错误。

故本题选B。

23.B

解析:B

【详解】

①④:在奴隶社会,体力劳动和脑力劳动分工的出现反映了社会生产力发展的客观要求,也为古代的科学文化的发展创造了前提和条件。①④正确。

②:奴隶制国家的建立,是人类进入阶级社会的标志。②说法错误。

③:“体力劳动和脑力劳动分工的出现”不是奴隶制的确立的标志,奴隶制生产关系的确立才算是奴隶制的建立。③说法错误。

故本题选B。

24.D

解析:D

【详解】

①④:奴隶社会,随着生产力水平的提高,农业、畜牧业、手工业显著发展起来,商业和城市日益繁荣,这表明奴隶制的建立适应了当时生产力的发展要求,也表明奴隶社会代替原始社会是人类历史发展中的一个巨大进步,①④符合题意。

②:生产力是人类社会存在和发展的最终决定力量,②错误。

③:材料强调的是奴隶社会生产力的发展,奴隶社会相较于原始社会的历史进步性,未体现奴隶制是一种残酷的剥削和压迫制度,③排除。

故本题选D。

25.C

解析:C

【详解】

AB:原始社会末期,随着生产力的发展,共同劳动被个体劳动所取代,生产资料公有被生产资料私有所取代,随之私有观念产生。私有观念排第一位,AB排除。

D:随着私有观念的产生,最终土地变为私有,标志着私有制确立,原始社会解体。私有制排第二位,D排除。

C:原始社会末期生产力发展,私有观念产生,土地变为私有标志着私有制确立,伴随着原始社会的解体阶级产生。选项符合题意,C正确。

故本题选C。

【英语】 中考英语语法填空易错题经典

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