文体学论文
Stylistic Analysis of a Conversation
系名称：外语系
年级：10 级
班级：一班
姓名：孙国庆
学号：201023010101
Stylistic Analysis of a Conversation
Introduction
Conversation is without doubt the most commonly used kind of language, and therefore, it is a variety familiar to the majority of English-speaking people. This variety is used in everyone’s daily life. And it has its own distinct stylistic features. So it is necessary for us to analyze it from the perspective of general stylistics.
The material for analysis is a conversation between two housewives who are in the same age rank
The conversation focused on the lives of two housewives. Therefore such conversation regularly lacks an overall theme. So the participants may chat about some irrelevant and random things. Changes of subjects can be often found. Stylistic Analysis
1. At the Phonological Level
Phonology refers to speech sounds in a language. Here, the main focus is on stress, elision, pause, para-linguistic devices and overlapping of words.
Conversation can be divided into two major kinds: spontaneous conversation and non-spontaneous conversation. This conversation belongs to the former one. Words to be spoken sound very natural and spontaneous(a general lack of planning).
1.1 Stress
Stress refers to the prominence of sounds. It is a very important way of expressing different feelings or implying different meanings in oral communication. It has the following functions in this conversation:
a) To show emphasis:
I'll be all right in a MINUTE.
It implies“It is in a minute(not too long)I'll be all right.”
STUpid I had er about five thousand BOOKS to take back to senate HOUSE YESterday.
It emphasizes how stupid I was,what,where,and when.
b) To show surprise,anger, doubt, horror or excitement:
You got a COLD
In this sentence, “cold”is stressed, which indicates A's doubt as if saying “Did you get a cold? ”.
1.2 Elision
Elision is one of the distinct phonological style makers in conversation, which is frequently used by the speakers involved. In the conversation, the most frequent elisions are I'm ,I've, I'll, it's, I'd, hasn’t, you're, and that's. These elisions can perfectly indicate the informality of the conversation as well as intimate relationship between two neighbors.
1.3 Pause
Pause can be seen as a signal of ending a thought unit. In English,there are voiced pauses (um, er,ah) , and silent pauses-silent breaks between words, such as the pause at the end of a sentence, the pause between a dependent clause and its main clause, and the pause between words or phrases. In this conversation, both kinds of pauses can be frequently found.
/= short pause //=long pause
In this conversation, the usually overuse of pauses may reflect certain feeling or attitude of speaker, such as nervousness, hesitation, confusion, or uncertainty.
1.4 Para-linguistic devices
A and
B in the conversation often resort some para-linguistic devices, such as laughters (laughs for/laughs quietly for-)and monitoring signals(such as you know, well, I thought, what have you got ) to help convey the meanings and feelings.
For example, "no, I thought you sounded as if you were"
1.5 Overlapping of words or phrases
Overlapping of words or phrases of A and B is also very common in this conversation.
*=overlapping of words of two participants
When one person comes up with a new idea, he may not always wait for his turn till the other person finishes his sentence. Instead, he utters his words in a high pitch and a quick tempo till the other person stops.
1.6 Normal non-fluency
Normal non-fluency is very common in this , which is resulted from overlapping of words and other factors such as sudden change of subject matter, hesitation, nervousness, and a lack of planning of the conversation. For example:
No, just a bit sniffy cos I'm-I am cold
2. At the Lexical Level
Lexis refers to the choice of words and expressions and here, we will focus our attention on the use of colloquial words and general words.
2.1 Use of colloquial words
It is normal and natural to see so many colloquial words in this conversation, such as yeah, got, just, well, cos(because), etc. These words can express the speaker's attitude or surprise, disgust, or some feelings. Colloquial words are also the signal of informality.
2.2 General words
General words are also used very frequently in this conversation, such as do, clour, go, and, nice, etc. These general words may not convey specific meanings, but there is no need to be so specific in daily conversation. And probably general meaning is what the participants require.
3. At the Syntactic/Grammatical Level
Syntax refers to the rules for ordering words into sentence. In this part, we mostly concentrate on sentence types and voice.
It is found that sentences (as far as length and structures are concerned) in the conversation are not complicated to understand. More minor sentences and short sentences are used, which are style makers of informality.
3.1 Preference for interrogative sentences
Interrogative sentences appear frequently in this short conversation. Conversation is the communication between at least two people. It mainly takes the form of asking and answering. In this way the oral communication between people can proceed. Thus, apart from declarative sentences, which are used most frequently in all varieties. Interrogative sentences are frequently used here. There are 7 interrogative sentences in all 30 sentences, occupying 23 percent of the total number of sentences, which is much higher compared with other varieties.
3.2 Use of active voice
In conversations, speakers usually are the major active characters. Their words mainly express their own feelings or narrate an event. In this way, active voice will be the most suitable voice to achieve such effects. In this conversation, most of sentence are in active voice. And most of them have such beginning “I + verb ”. For example, you got, I thought, you want, I got, it is, I get, and so forth. According to this, we can assume in the process of conversation the speaker is usually the most important factor, who will conduct or lead the proceeding of conversation.
3.3 Frequent use of elliptical sentences
Daily conversation is not as formal as the written variety. Elliptical sentences are used frequently. Elliptical sentences sometimes may cause inexplicitness of the language. However due to their intimate relationships, and para-linguistic means, such as gestures,laughters, or facial expressions, the characters can understand each other well. It is unnecessary to use complete sentences.
4. At the Semantic Level
Semantics refers to the meaning of words or expression, and by what means the meaning is conveyed from the addresser to addressee. Here, we will touch upon some figures of the conversation.
In this conversation, there are not very distinct semantic style makers.
But we should not deny there are some semantic features in conversation. In fact, the occasional use figures can be found here.
/ No / just a / bit sniffy / cos I’m——I AM COLD /
Repetition is used here. The clause of “I’m ”appeared two times, which can imply B’s doubt and nervousness.
/ That’s not a tinny GARment. /
Understatement is reflected here. B wanted to express that this is a big garment.
in the days when I was a human BEing. //*
Satire can be found here.
5. Contextual Factors Analysis
Firstly, the conversation all happened in informal place-A' house. Dialogues in private place must be casual and informal. Secondly, the intimate relationship among two housewives decides what they will talk about. They talked about their life trivial matters. Moreover, sometimes words may reveal the speaker's status, job, education and so on. For example,
A: It /GROWS quickly//
B: / YEAH/ I get very fed UP//
It implies A is pregnant.
Furthermore, another feature should be pointed out here. Conversation is characterized by randomness of subject matter, a general lacking of planning. The subjects, ranging from health to work, come back to garment.
Conclusion
We have made a very rough stylistic analysis of the conversation, mainly concentrating on the phonological, lexical, syntactic/grammatical and semantic level and finally some contextual factors are touched upon. Taking these analyses into consideration, the conversation belongs to the informality. In this conversation, there are still some perspectives untouched upon, such as textual analysis, graphological style makers.etc. Taking these factors into consideration, it still needs our further researches.
References
English Stylistics: A New Coursebook(新编语言学教程董启明编著).
Appendix
A: you got a / COLD//----
B: /NO/ just a/ bit SNIFFY/ cos I’m----
I / AM COLD / and I’ll / be all right once
I’ve warmed up // ----do I / LOOK / as thought I’ve got a COLD //
A: no I thought you SOUNDed as if you were //
B: /M/
A: / pull your CHAIR UP close if YOU WANT//
/ is it----*( obscured speech)*/
B: */YES/ I’ll be all right in a MINUTE /*/ it’s / just that I’m
A: ( what have you GOT // )
B: STUpid // I // had er about five thousand
BOOKS / --to / take back to senate
HOUSE YESterday // ---and I got / all
the way through the college / to
/where the CAR was /at the /parking
Meter at the OTHER end / and / realized
I’d left my COAT in my
/ LOCKer / and I *just couldn’t*
A: */ M /*
B: FACE going / all the way BACK
again / with / this great // you know my / ARMS
were aching /
A: (M)
B: and I thought / WELL / I’ll / get it on TUESday / ---it’s a bit / SILLY? Cos
I / NEED it //
A: / M / it’s gone / very COLD ? / HASn’t it //
B: / M /---it’s FREEZING //
A: / M / I’m (2 syllable) //*
B: *you’re / KNITTING? //* (laughs quietly for ---) / what are you KNITTING // // That’s not a tiny GARment //
A: / No /
B: (laughs for ---)
A: / no it’s for ME / but it’s / very PLAIN //
B: it’s a / lovely COLour //---
A: it / is NICE //
B: / YEAH /--- I / never di I could / never TAKE to KNITTING / ex / cept on there / double o needles with STRING // you KNOW / That’s MY sort
of knitting //*
A: */ YEAH //
B: It / GROWS quickly //
A : /YEAH / I get very fed up //
B: /(3 or 4 syllables) the PROcess thought // do you / SEW / I / used to
sew a lot (when) *
A: / NO ( I / DON”T) //
B: in the / days when I was a human BEing //*
Notes:
/ = short pause
// = long pause
Capitalism = stress
( ) = words for explanation
* = overlapping words of the two participants
文体学论文
哈尔滨师范大学 文体学论文 题目情景喜剧《老友记》中的文体分析 学生李宏悦 指导教师王静 年级 2010级 6 班 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院 哈尔滨师范大学 2013年12月
TERM PAPER ENGLISH DEPARTMENT HARBIN NORMAL UNIERSITY TITLE: A Stylistic Analysis of the Sitcom Friends STUDENT: Li Hongyue TUTOR: Wang Jing GRADE: Grade 2010 MAJOR: English Education DEPARTMENT: English Department COLLEGE: Faculty of Western Languages and Literatures December, 2013 HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract In recent years, there exists a great number of research of different varieties of English, such as novels, news broadcast, scientific readings, etc. Nevertheless, what c annot bear any of our negligence is that stylistics on sitcoms---a new type of language material, is in great scarcity. Hence,the author of this thesis intends to investigate Frie nds, a popularly shown English language sitcom from the perspective of general stylis tics in terms of linguistic description, textual analysis and contextual analysis respecti vely. This thesis examines three randomly selected episodes by means of qualitative r esearch unfolding their stylistic features, namely some similarities as well as disparitie s among them in terms of stylistics. Through this research, the author has the followin g findings:At the phonological level, the swift tempo throughout the episodes and the frequent use of nitial stress play a vital role. At the graphological level, the frequent e mployment of commas, uniqueness in spelling and emotion and action markers phrase d in brackets are the most distinct stylistic features. At the lexical level, the employment of monosyllabic, informal, dynamic, collo quial, concrete and fluff words is typical of the selected episodes. At the grammatical/ syntactic level, the overwhelming employment of simple sentences and active voice is the most distinct feature of the selected episodes.So far as textual analysis is concerne d, this thesis has penetrated mainly into the lay-out of the selected episodes, discoveri ng that all the three episodes share the same text lay-out, namely the prelude, the body as well as the ending scene. Contextual factors analysis is also conducted in this research. We have discovere d that the field of discourse, the tenor of discourse and the mode of discourse are close ly associated with the stylistic features found in linguistic description. In addition, the author has also explored the selected episodes by emplong two speech theories of vita l importance---Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principle respectively, finding that the conversations in the selected episodes are in light with the former while always vi olating the latter. Key Words: stylistics sitcom linguistic description textual description textual analys is contextual factors analysis
文体学
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A Stylistic Analysis of I Have a Dream Introduction Different scholars define stylistics in different ways. Wales defines stylistics as the study of the style simply, while Widdowson gives a further explanation, “by stylistics, I mean the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation and I shall take the view that what distinguishes stylistics from literary criticism on the one hand and linguistics on the other is that it is essentially a means of linking the two.” Leech considers stylistics “a meeting ground of linguistics and literary study.” From what they say, we can see that stylistics is an inter-disciplined branch of learning which takes discourse as its object of the study and uses linguistics as a means to that end. The task of the stylistics is to observe and describe the language features of the discourse, which are grammatical, lexical, phonological and semantic features. Of all aspects of public speaking, persuasion is the most complex and difficult. Its job is to change the audience?s minds-to get them agree and perhaps to act. Its goal may be to defend an idea, to refute an opponent, to sell a programme, or to inspire people to action. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, delivered the famous speech I Have a Dream at the demonstration which a quarter of million people of all races came to Washington, D. C., to show their support for freedom and justice for all Americans, and for black people in particular. This speech is widely regarded as the most eloquent statement of the black people?s dreams and aspirations ever made.It is an example of formal English with a convincing style. This paper will analyze this famous speech I Have a Dream from stylistics in grammatical, lexical, phonological and semantic aspects.
文体学论文
Abstract: ―Hawsmoot‖ is a short story written by Peter L. Sandberg. This paper attempts to analyze it from the angle of stylistics and to describe the most significant stylistic features of this story and the function of these stylistic features. Based on the stylistic theory, this thesis explores the stylistic effects made by the stylistic characters reflected in the short story from the following aspects: discourse analysis, phonological features, graphological features, syntactic features, lexical features, and rhetorical features. Key Words: stylistic features; effects; style; vivid I. Introduction ―Hawsmoot‖ is a narrative story about climbing. The protagonist Hawsmoot who had climbed on the cliff of the Grand Giraffe for thirty years without using a rope. One day, there came a young German also climbed the Grand Giraffe without using a rope. The story developed with the two people climbing. My paper tries to analyze the stylistic effects to the story‘s theme made by the stylistic features. Stylistic analysis can enhance our understand ing of the ways in which impressions, effects and meanings are communicated by language in literary works and prepare the way to the intrinsic study of literary works. ―Hawsmoot‖has its own distinctive characteristics, which are shown in vocabulary, sentence, grammar and the whole discourse. In this thesis, I will make an analysis of it based on the stylistic theory. And I will explore the special effects of every stylistic feature to the theme and author‘s attitude. The author‘s successful apply of these stylistic devices makes the story interesting, attractive as well as understandable for readers. II.Stylistic Analysis 2.1 Discourse Analysis The story is set in the base of the Grand Giraffe, and the field of discourse about this story is climbing. Referring to different fields and subject matters, people have to use different sets of vocabulary. In this story, the author uses lots of mountaineering terms, and I will analyze this aspect in the fifth part. Here I will explore another important aspect of the field—the purpose which the language serves in a social activity. The conversations in this story mainly talked between the young German, Hawsmoot and a group of young climbers. And the function of these conversations are most expressive and co native. The former expresses the addresser‘s feelings and emotions and the latter is used to influence the addressee‘s behavior or attitude. In this story line 4 ―…good climb…great climb alone‖, what the young German said expresses confidence and passion towards the climb without a rope. Besides, in line 43 and 44―…climb…overhang…‖ the two sentences vividly show us that the young German?s arrogant and self-importance character as the author said he is cocksure. The language used here successfully shows the purpose of expressive function. In line 125 ―Don‘t …without……‖ and the line 148 ―You shouldn‘t do it.‖, here, the function of the girl‘s words is co native. It aims at influencing Hawsmoot‘s behavior—persuading him to use a rope. In this story, there are also other persuasive sentences, all of these show that the girl is worrying about Hawsmoot, because she thinks that Hawsmoot is old now and she is not confident that he can climb the Grand Giraffe without using a rope. The girl‘s persuasion greatly attracts our attention, because that also was readers want to say, and we also worried about Hawsmoot. From what Hawsmoot said, we can feel that he is a poised and polite man. He seldom talks with others, instead he concentrating on the climb, but when others talks to him, Hawsmoot replies them always in a poised and polite way. In this story, the author let us see that this is because of the wide variety of language that is possible in each case. People have more choice of language in conversation and literature than in other domains.
应用语言学期末论文
College of Foreign Languages Shandong Agricultural University Course Name: 应用语言学Credits: _____2___________ Name: 田冬 Student ID: 2015110591 Date: Jau.15. 2016
应用语言学：基于实践的理论 我对这个领域的理解 从我在德国文学领域的研究，以及20世纪50年代在法国的学习，以及后来我移民到美国。我发现我在20世纪60年代在学术氛围浓厚的美国大学做出乎意料的大量的外语教学。我不知道在美国教授语言被认为不如教授文学，我开始厌恶美国外国语言和文学系中的语言、文学层级结构。终究，我认为，文学是由语言构成的，我们必须先学会语言才能明白文学的微妙。这些年来，我发现我对解析文学文本和分析句子都不感兴趣，但我对演讲者和作者如何在不同的语言中表达他们的思想很感兴趣。事实上，我对我和我的美国学生在世界观上的基本区别不感兴趣，尽管我们在课堂上都讲德语。我对英语和德语有一个法国局外人的观点，正如他们对法语和德语有一个美国局外人的观点。这种局外人的视角对我的实践来说是痛苦的，但对我的研究是有好处的。这些我教学实践中遇到的问题是我的一块肥沃的研究领域。在教授我的学生德语词汇时我教授了什么认知范畴？并且，为什么我的美国学生总是用一些在法语或德语中没有对应的单词比如challenge或者agency?今天，这些问题在我的头脑中形成了关于语篇和跨文化理解的更大的问题。我意识到我作为学者的身份或许和在这个特殊的领域做贡献的其他人有些不同。尽管我大部分时间在美国，我故意停留在盎格鲁-撒克逊和欧洲大陆教育和文化传统的交叉点上。事实上，这些年来，关于不同文化间的误解一直是我研究工作的一个主要推动力。 我沉浸于一本小的自传的原因是为了突出我如何来到应用语言学以及我个人对这个领域的理解。是教学中遇到的问题促使我在社会科学而非文学和文化领域中寻求答案。通过Pierre Bourdieu 的工作，我对演讲者而非演讲感兴趣，对话语而非语言系统感兴趣。Bourdieu在1977年用英语出版的Outline of a Theory of the Practice，美国应用语言学会也在同年成立，第一届大会于1978年由Wilga Rivers组织并在波士顿举行。他是当时哈佛大学的法语教授并且是学会的首任主席。由于我在麻省理工学院教学，Wilga Rivers慷慨地允许我参加他在哈佛的基于心理语言学的二语习得的研讨班并将我带入了应用语言学的领域。 Bourdieu当时在法国的畅销书对我来说是一个启示。他对反映社会学的呼唤，冲破了科学的客观性和实践性的界限。这与我对理解语言学习者的努力产生了共鸣。它打消了我作为移民的焦虑并坚定了我对研究事业的决心。在那个时候我通过二语习得的分支对应用语言学的发现使我在社会科学领域拥有一席之地，同时通过话语文体学的分支使我对文学的原始研究有了新的发现。 对我来说，应用语言学从来不是语言学理论或其他理论对语言教学中的实际问题的应用。它是语言研究本身的实践，并且是可以从实践中得到的理论。和Bourdieu对人种学的研究一样，我对应用语言学的兴趣源自它提供了基于实践的理论。与其称作应用语言学，我宁愿称它为实践语言研究。然而，这样一个名字必然会引来歧义。应用语言学不能等同于语言教学方法或者是课程与教学论。应用语言学不像理论语言学或者社会功能系统那样是一门抽象的研究语言系统的科学。它是一个基于实证经验的领域，从中产生基于实践的理论。 抛开它的名字，应用语言学不仅从语言学理论也从其它领域比如心理学，社会学，人类学中发展的理论中获得启示。像其它对复杂系统的研究一样，应用语言学的目标有两方面。一是观察，解释，分析，阐释实践并将其研究的成果告知实践者；二是反映实践者和研究者的实践并发展实践的理论。 近年来，一些语言学家提出了一系列语言实践的应用语言学理论。比如，维果茨基学派关于社会文化心理学的学者把活动聚焦于二语习得中的单元分析。Pennycook的《作为实践的语言》指出语言从活动中产生。Widdowson的《实践文体学》提供了探索它对研究者和实践者的益处的机会。话语分析学家比如Kasper,Markee,或者Gardner和Wagner研究了会话实践分析如何促进二语习得理论。在专业领域，Chris Candlin和Srikant Sarangi和已将他们的期刊《应用语言学与专业实践》更名以缓解应用语言学中研究与实践的紧张关系。
文体学学期论文
分析《祝福》节选的语篇含义 外国语学院08级本科2班***（********） 摘要：此短文节选自鲁迅《祝福》一文，主要描写“祥林嫂”被鲁家赶出流落街头与“我”相遇并且向我咨询“灵魂”有无的问题。本文旨在以文体学的角度和语言行为分析在本短文中“我”与“祥林嫂”的会话含义。 关键字：我祥林嫂会话含义理论 材料：《祝福》节选 况且，一直到昨天遇见祥林嫂的事，也就使我不能安住。那是下午，我到镇的东头访过一个朋友，走出来，就在河边遇见她；而且见她瞪着的眼睛的视线，就知道明明是向我走来的。我这回在鲁镇所见的人们中，改变之大，可以说无过于她的了：五年前的花白的头发，即今已经全白，会不像四十上下的人；脸上瘦削丕堪，黄中带黑，而且消尽了先前悲哀的神色，仿佛是木刻似的；只有那眼珠间或一轮，还可以表示她是一个活物。她一手提着竹篮。内中一个破碗，空的；一手技着一支比她更长的竹竿，下端开了裂：她分明已经纯乎是一个乞丐了。 我就站住，豫备她来讨钱。 “你回来了？”她先这样问。 “是的。” “这正好。你是识字的，又是出门人，见识得多。我正要问你一件事——”她那没有精采的眼睛忽然发光了。 我万料不到她却说出这样的话来，诧异的站着。 “就是——”她走近两步，放低了声音，极秘密似的切切的说，“一个人死了之后，究竟有没有魂灵的？” 我很悚然，一见她的眼钉着我的，背上也就遭了芒刺一般，比在学校里遇到不及豫防的临时考，教师又偏是站在身旁的时候，惶急得多了。对于魂灵的有无，我自己是向来毫不介意的；但在此刻，怎样回答她好呢？我在极短期的踌躇中，想，这里的人照例相信鬼，“然而她，却疑惑了，——或者不如说希望：希望其有，又希望其无……，人何必增添末路的人的苦恼，一为她起见，不如说有罢。 “也许有罢，——我想。”我于是吞吞吐虹的说。 “那么，也就有地狱了？” “啊！地狱？”我很吃惊，只得支吾者，“地狱？——论理，就该也有。——然而也未必，……谁来管这等事……。” “那么，死掉的一家的人，都能见面的？” “唉唉，见面不见面呢？……”这时我已知道自己也还是完全一个愚人，什么踌躇，什么计画，都挡不住三句问，我即刻胆怯起来了，便想全翻过先前的话来，“那是，……实在，我说不清……。其实，究竟有没有魂灵，我也说不清。” 我乘她不再紧接的问，迈开步便走，勿勿的逃回四叔的家中，心里很觉得不安逸。自己想，我这答话怕于她有些危险。她大约因为在别人的祝福时候，感到自身的寂寞了，然而会不会含有别的什么意思的呢？——或者是有了什么豫感了？倘有别的意思，又因此发生别的事，则我的答活委实该负若干的责任……。但随后也就自笑，觉得偶尔的事，本没有什么深意义，而我偏要细细推敲，正无怪教育家要说是生着神经病；而况明明说过“说不清”，已经推翻了答话的全局，即使发生什么事，于我也毫无关系了。
研究论文：英语文体学知识在大学英语教学中的应用
88152 学科教育论文 英语文体学知识在大学英语教学中的应 用 中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1578（2016）06-0009-02 1 引言 长期以来，英语文体学是大学英语专业学生的一门专业课，非英语专业的学生对英语文体学理论及问题分析方法则比较陌生。在英语学习中学生往往因缺乏识别不同英语文体能力而造成语域误用。在大学英语授课过程中教师往往感到，学生在掌握了语法和常用词汇，有了基本的听说读写能力之后，对于文体风格的辨别则成了一个重要的问题，他们往往不注意在不同场合应使用不同语域的语言。如写论述文时使用十分口语化的句式，而翻译正式文体时用词又过于通俗等，这是在我国高校大学生英语学习过程中普遍存在的现象。因此，在大学英语教学中，教师要有意识地引导学生了解、学习、掌握各类文体的不同特
点，从而提高学生的文体意识，学会正确使用英语，提高学生的英语综合应用能力及文学鉴赏力。 2 文体学理论 文体学（stylistics）是一门运用现代语言学理论和方法研究文体，研究语言表达方式和表达效果的学科。Style（文体）指某种语体的风格特征，即适用于某特定语言环境的一整套语言变异形式。文体学（stylistics）是指“对（style）变异的研究，语言风格变异取决于语言使用的场合，也取决于作者或说话者希望能对读者或听者作成的影响”。[1]随着语言学研究的开展，文体学吸取了传统的风格学与修辞学的某些成分，以语言学的理论和方法为依据，从日常谈话到正式演讲，从诗歌到散文，从新闻、广告到小说、戏剧，进行系统的分析研究，探讨语言风格上的特点，并寻求其规律。 文体学在大学英语教学中的运用主要体现在文体分析上。英语文体分析主要采用比较语言学的方法，通过对语音、词汇、语法、句法及语篇结构等的文体及社会功能、英语的变异现象和各种变体的描述与分析，帮助学生初步掌握各种描述分析语言的方法，以及了解语言在特定环境中的文体特征、社会功能，同时要通过作品的描述和分
文体学下计算机信息论文-计算机信息论文-计算机论文
文体学下计算机信息论文-计算机信息论文-计算机论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 一、文体和文体学概述 1.文体 当提及文体，我们就会联想到诗歌、小说或者散文、剧本等等。这种联想并不是没有根据的，因为文体就是与语言的风格相关，必定会与语言有一定的联系。但是，关于文体的定义一直是有所争议的。其中最著名的是Swift所给出的定义，他说：“在恰当的地方使用恰当的词，这就是风格（style）的真实定义。”而Riffaterrer在《文体分析标准》中说道：“文体被认为是在不改变意义的情况下给语言结构所传达的信息添加的一种强调（表达的、感情的或者美学的）。这也就是说，语言表达，而文体强调。”对于文体的说法，众说纷纭。那么文体究竟是什么呢，它所研究的又是那些方面呢？当代的文体学家给出了以下的说法。严格来说，文体有广义和狭义之分。狭义上的文体指的是文学文体，就是我们所想到的诗歌或小说的风格，或是作者写作的风格。广义上的文体指的是一种语言中的各类文体，比如说口语语体、书面语语体等等，而这两者中，又各有若干文体，比如在口语语体中，
人们在家中闲谈与在会议室中演讲的语体是有所不同的；而同样是书面语体，亲人之间往来的书信也不同于报刊或者杂志的语体形式。 2.文体学 文体学是一门通过运用语言学知识和文学理论来研究和分析文体文本的学科。文本的意义可以以不同的角度来分析：若以作者的视角来看，作者的背景以及教育程度，作者的文化背景和社会地位，可以促成作者用不同的文体来表达文本的意义；若以读者的视角来看，仅仅能够从作者所提出的文体来分析文本。分析一篇文本或语篇，我们应该将与语言所有相联系的因素都考虑进去，不仅包括标点符号、格式和形式、方式和语调等因素，更要注重词汇、语法、韵律和语义等因素。了解一篇文学作品的内容并不简单，不同的读者可以有不同的反应。然而它又不是不可捉摸的。文体学的训练能够使得学者抓住其中音调、韵律、句法、词汇、形象或结构上的某些特点，包括它们的分布和重复。如果能够了解到作品所突出的或者强调的方面，就能有助于了解作品的深层含义。既然文体有狭义和广义之分，那么文体学也是一样。狭义的文体学是指文学文体学，它是以语言学为媒介来研究文学语言的艺术特征、作品语言特色或表现风格的。广义的文体学是指一门研究一种语言中各种语言变体的文体特征的学科，比如说广告语体、新闻语体、宗教语体等等。
未选择的路 赏析 英语文体学论文
An Stylistics analysis on the Poem the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost 英语文体学结课论文
摘要 罗伯特·弗罗斯特是一名美国著名诗人，本诗《未选择的路》是他的一篇名作，诗中以作者面对森林中两条道路时的思想活动展开描写，引出了深刻的哲理——面对人生的选择要慎重考虑，且无法回头。本诗语言朴实，全文通俗易懂，且采用传统的诗歌文体，读来朗朗上口，但意味深长。本文从诗歌的文体，作者，以及思想三个方面对此诗做了简略分析。 关键词: 道路，选择，通俗，文体 Abstract The Road Not Taken is a famous poem written by the notable American poet Robert Frost. This poem is started from the psychological activity of the writer when he was facing the two roads in the forest, and then lead to a profound philosophy——people must keep cautious when facing choices, and could never come back. The language is and traditional and easy to understand. This paper makes a brief analysis on this poem from three aspects: literary form, writer, and clou. Key words: roads, choice, easy to understand, literary form
文体学课程考查论文(仅供格式参考)
《英语文体学导论》期末考查论文 I wondered lonely as a cloud文体分析 班级：_________ 学号：_____________ 姓名：_____________ This poem was one of William Wordsworth's representatives. It is said that this poem was written through the author's experience, going sight-seeing with his sister and being greatly attracted by the native nature. And it belongs to the emotion recollected in tranquility. The main idea of the poem is that at first the author felt depressed and then was inspired by the enjoyable daffodils to become happy at last. In this poem, the author greatly appreciates the daffodils. Of course, stylistics is quite important in writing for it can help author express their ideas more effectively so it is unavoidable for Wordsworth to adopt some aspects of stylistics. This article discusses the language of this poem from syntax, phonology and graphology, semantics, lexical, language usage and passage. 1. Syntax (1) Repetition is used for the sake of emphasis to highlight a particular meaning. a)“I gazed- and gazed- but little thought”, the word “gazed” means a long time staring, and the author repeats it 2 times in order to show a very long time in enjoying the pleasant moment with the daffodils and expresses the author’s endless happiness. b)Another word “dance” or “dancing”appears every stanza in this poem, which emphasizes the happiness of those daffodils from
文体学论文
Stylistic Analysis of An Extract of Conversation Introduction Conversation is the most commonly used kind of language. Therefore , it is especially a variety familiar to the majority of English -speaking people . This variety is used in everyone’s daily life . And it has its own distinct stylistic features . Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels. Causal style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants. It is the language used among intimate friends, acquaintances, insiders, and people with shared knowledge. In casual visits ,chance meetings ,casual talks, or letters between friends this style is often found . Colloquial words, clipped words, clipped words, phrasal verbs, blend words are often used. Sentences are usually short, elliptical, with a lot of contractions. And the tone tends to be friendly and informal. This passage possesses almost all characteristics of conversation. It could be an appropriate material for stylistic analysis. This is a conversation between two housewives who are in the same age range
文体学的发展史
文体学发展史 文体学首先来自于古代的修辞学，来自于亚里斯多德的修辞论。现代文体学创始人是法国文体学家巴利（索绪尔的学生），文体学的性质是一门结合文学和语言学的交叉学科，适宜于对文学和语言学很感兴趣的学生学习的一门课程。简单地说，文体学就是运用语言学的理论去阐释文学内容和写作风格的一门学科。帮助学生理解作品的深刻内涵和写作技巧。同时，激发学生开展批评性阅读，尝试建立自己的见解。 发展历程 西方文体学的研究可上溯到古希腊、罗马的修辞学研究，早在公元100年就出现了德米特里厄斯的《论文体》这样集中探讨文体问题的论著。但在20世纪之前，对文体地讨论一般不外乎主观印象式的评论，而且通常出现在修辞学研究、文学研究或语法分析之中，文体研究没有自己相对的地位。20世纪初以来，在采用现代语言方法之后，文体分析方法摆脱了传统印象式直觉分析的局限，逐渐深入和系统化、科学化。欧洲历史语言学和普通语言学在20世纪初发展成为较有影响的独立学科，与语言学相结合的文体学也逐渐成为一门具有一定独立地位的交叉学科。
现代文体学创始人是法国文体学家巴利（Bally,1865-1974）（索绪尔的学生），他借用索绪尔的结构主义语言学反思传统修辞学，力图将文体学作为语言学的一个分支建立起来，使文体分析更为科学化和系统化。巴依的研究对象是口语体的文体。他认为一个人说话时除了客观地表达思想外，还常常带有各种感情色彩。文体学的任务是探讨表达这些感情特征的种种语言手段，以及它们之间的相互关系，并由此入手，分析语言的整个表达方式系统。虽然巴依没有特别关注文学文本，但他们的普通文体学对于文学文体学的形成有直接的推动作用。稍晚于巴利的德国文体学家斯皮泽（Spitzer, 1887-1960）被普遍尊为文学文体学之父，斯皮泽的研究对象不是口语，而是文学作品。斯皮泽认为文学作品的价值主要体现在语言上，因此他详细分析具体语言细节所产生的效果，从而有别于传统印象式批评。此外，他提出了一种适用于分析长篇小说的被称为“语文圈”的研究方法，即寻找作品中频繁出现的偏离常规的语言特征。然后，对其作出作者心理根源上的解释，接着再回到作品细节中，通过考察相关因素予以证实或修正。受到德国学术思想的影响，斯皮泽将文体学视为连接语言学与文学史的桥梁，旨在通过文体特征的研究来考察作者心灵以及民族文化和思想澶变的历史。 学科历史 50年代末以前