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初中英语语法汇总

初中英语语法汇总
初中英语语法汇总

2018初中英语语法汇总

七年级上册

一、名词

1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:

(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.

e.g. book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys

辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

e.g. beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.

e.g. city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,

strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])

(注:以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s. e.g. boys,holidays,days)

(4)以元音字母。结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:

①有生命的,加es. tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes

②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,e.g. zoo—zoos,radio——radios

③无生命的,加s,e.g. piano—pianos ,photo —— photos

④zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 e.g. zeros/zeroes

(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.

e.g. wife——wives,leaf ——leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(ves读音为[vz]

(注意:roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)

(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。

e.g. man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,

Frenchman——Frenchmen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,

mouse—mice,ox—oxen(公牛)

(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。

e.g. Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish

(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。

e.g. people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors

另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。

e.g. an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister

但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。

e.g. two men teachers,three women doctors

②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。

e.g. a room of students,two boxes of pencils

2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。

(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。

e.g. much money,a little bread

(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。 e.g. a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles of water

3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。

e.g. fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒;cloth布——a cloth桌布、抹布;sand沙——sands沙滩;tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁——an orange 橘子;glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;wood木头——a wood小森林;room空间、余地——a room房间

本册已经学过的不可数名词有:broccoli[?br?k?li] 西兰花, food, dessert [d??z?:t] 甜点, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, time,ice-cream, salad, chicken(既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词)

(三)名词的所有格:

名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)

(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。

①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s. e.g. Mike’s watch;Women’s Day

②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。 e.g. teachers’ office,students’ rooms

③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.

e.g. Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)

④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.

e.g. Mary’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)

(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构

e.g. a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room

(3)特殊形式

①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格

e.g. the boy’s name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字)the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)

China’s population=the population of China(中国的人口)

China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)

②双重所有格

e.g. a fiend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片

二、动词

(一)Be 动词(am, is, are)的用法

口诀:I 用am , you 用are ,is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it)。单数统统用is,复数一律都用are. 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃,变否定,更容易,be 后not莫忘记,疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。

注意:be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起,如:I’m , what’s ,name’s, they’re等例如:-What is your name?= -What’s your name? -My name is Cindy. = -My name’s Cindy.

-Are you a student? = -Are you a student? -Yes, I am a student. = –Yes, I’m a student.

-What are they? = -What are they? -They are apples. =They’re apples.

What is this? =What’s this?

(二)动词第三人称单数的构成规则:

a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s 如:get----gets, like----likes play—plays,want—wants,work—works,know—knows,help—helps

b. 以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es;如:guess—guesses,fix—fixes,teach—teaches,brush—brushes,go—goes,do—does,watch—watches,catch—catches

c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es。如:study—studies,carry—carries,fly—flies,worry—worries 特殊词:have----has

2.通常情况下,人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。

3.形容词性的物主代词属于限定词,后面要跟它所限定的名词。

4.通常情况下,人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。

如:I am=I’m you are=you’re he is=he’s she is=she’s

it is =it’s we are=we’re they are=they’re

(二).指示代词this ,that, these, those.

These 是this 的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。

Those 是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。

例如:This is my room. That is Lucy’s room.

These are his brothers. Those are his books.

四、数词

(一)基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。

1.基数词的构成

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“ ,”,第一个“ ,”前为thousand.第二个“ ,”前为million,第三个“ ,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。1,001→one thousand and one

9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式)

seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)

(二)序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。

1.序数词的构成

(1)一般在基数词后加th e.g. four → fourth,thirteen → thirteenth

(2)不规则变化one → first,two →second,three → third,five → fifth,eight → eighth,nine → ninth,twelve——twelfth

(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty → twentieth,forty → for tieth,ninety → ninetieth

(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

2.序数词的用法

(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。

e.g. Tom is their second son. He is the first one to come here.

(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又—”,“再一”

e.g. He tried a second time.他又试了—次。

Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?(我已问了他两次)

(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。

1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd

(4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。

2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 (三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。

No.1(1号),No.3 bus(3路公共汽车),Room 103,(103号旁间),

The second lesson=Lesson Two(第二课)

(四)分数词的表达

分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s 1/3--one third;2/5--two fifths (五)数学运算的表达

eg.3+5=8 Three plus [pl?s]加/and five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus[?ma?n?s]减two is seven.

6x5=30 Five times six is thirty 8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.

五、介词

1.常用介词及其比较:

①表示地理位置的介词:

(1)at ,in, on, to

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。on 表示毗邻,接壤to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

E.g.:He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

(2) above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。

on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

e.g. The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.

(3)below, under 在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方

e.g. There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line.

②表示时间的介词:

(1) in , on,at 在……时

in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

e.g. in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night,

in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。

e.g. on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night,on a fine morning, on Sunday

afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

e.g. at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at th e end of …, at the age of …, at

Christmas,at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

(2)in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;

“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

e.g. My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months. She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

(3) from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

e.g. He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

(4)after, behind 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间;behind主要用于表示位置。

e.g. We shall leave after lunch. Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

③表运动方向的介词:

across, through 通过,穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。

e.g. She swam across the river. He walked through the forest.

④表示“在……之间”的介词:

between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

⑤表示其他意义的介词:

(1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

e.g. There will be a lecture[?lekt??(r)] 演讲on economics[?i:k??n?m?ks]经济学this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with 表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;

in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

e.g. He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner[?f?r?n?(r)] 外国人spoke to us in English.

(3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外,不包括在内;besides 除……之外,包括在内。

e.g. Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

六、句型

句型结构

1.肯定句:主语+be(am, is, are)+…主语+can+动词原形+

主语+行为动词原形(或行为动词单三形式) +其他…

2.否定句:主语+be(am, is, are)+not+…主语+can’t(can not) +动词原形+…

主语+don’t(doesn’t)+动词原形+…

3.一般疑问句 a. Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+…?Yes,主语+be No,主语+be not.

b. Can+主语+动词原形+…?Yes,主语+can. No,主语+can’t.

c. Do/Does+主语+动词原形+…?Yes,主语+do/does. No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.

4.特殊疑问句 a.疑问词+be+主语+…?主语+be+…

b.疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+…?主语+can+动词原形+…

c.疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+…?主语+动词原形(动词三单形式)+其他…

d.疑问词:who/how/how old/how much/where/ when/why/what/which/

what kind of/ what time/what color/what subject

5.There be 句型

There be 表示的概念是“有”,是一种存在的关系,即“某地有某物”。There 是引导词,be 是谓语动词(am, is , are),后面就是名词,也就是句子的主语。

There is +可数名词的单数或不可数名词+地点。

There are +名词复数+地点。

There be 句型的肯定式:There is +可数名词的单数或不可数名词+地点。

There are +名词复数+地点。

否定式:There is + not +可数名词的单数或不可数名词+地点。

There are + not +名词复数+地点。

一般疑问句形式:Is there +可数名词的单数或不可数名词+地点+?

Are there +名词复数+地点+?

2017初中英语语法汇总

七年级下册

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

1, 情态动词+V原can do= be able to do 2, play+ the+ 乐器play +球类,棋类

3, join 参加社团、组织、团体4, want= would like +(sb)to do sth

5, 4个说的区别:say+内容speak+语言talk 谈论:talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb tell 告诉,讲述:tell sb (not)to do sth tell stories/ jokes

6, 4个也的区别:too 肯定句末(前面加逗号)either否定句末(前面加逗号)

also 行前be 后as well 口语中(前面不加逗号)

7, be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于be good for 对…有益(be bad for对…有害)be good to 对…友好(good 可用friendly,nice,kind替换)

be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with

8, 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句9, How/ what about+V-ing …怎么样?(表建议)10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like

11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要从中选择一个回答

12,students wanted for school show招募学生参加学校演出(wanted表示招募,含有被动意义)

13,show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth

14,help sb(to)do sth ; help sb with sth ; with sb’s help= with the help of sb ; help oneself to 随便享用15,be busy doing sth / be busy with sth 16,need to do sth 17,be free= have time 18,have friends= make friends 19,call sb at +电话号码20,on the weekend= on weekends 21,English-speaking students 说英语的学生(带有连词符,有形容词性质)

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

1,问时间用what time或者when

At+钟点at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)

On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning

In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上

2,时间读法:顺读法

逆读法:分钟≤30用past five past eight(8:05)half past eight(8:30)

分钟>30用to a quarter to ten(9:45)

整点用…o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00)

3,3个穿的区别:wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等put on 表动作,接服装

dress 表动作,接sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣

4, 感叹句:How+adj+主谓!How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓!

What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓!

5, from…to…6, be/ arrive late for 7, either…or 8, a lot of=lots of

9, 频度副词(行前be 后)always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never

10,一段时间前面要用介词for for half an hour for five minutes

11, eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper

12,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修饰to do sth)It is important for me to learn English.

it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修饰sb)It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

1,疑问词

How 如何(方式)

how long 多长(时间)答语常用“(For/ about +)时间段”

how far多远(距离)答语常用“(It’s +)数词+miles/ meters/ kilometers”

how often多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语How soon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”

how many多少(接可数名词)how much(接不可数名词)

why为什么(原因)what什么when何时

who谁whom谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问也可用who)whose谁的

2,宾语从句要用陈述句语序

3,Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事

4,what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…?你认为…怎么样?

5,He is 11 years old. He is an 11-year-old boy.

6,many students= many of the students

7,be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担心

8,play with sb 9, come true 10,have to do sth 11,he is like a father to me (like像)12,leave离开leave for 出发前往某地13,cross 是动词across是介词

14,thanks for +n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.

Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thanks to幸亏,由于,因为

15,4个花费:人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+(in)doing sth/ on sth 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱

16,交通方式

●用介词。在句子中做方式状语。

①by +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修饰)By bus/ bike/ car/ ta xi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train…

②by +交通路线的位置By land/ water/ sea/ air

③in/ on +冠词/物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词In a/ his/ the car

On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike

④on foot 步行

●用动词。在句子中做谓语。

①take + a/ the +交通工具名词take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train ride a bike

②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地点副词时,省略介词to。)

如步行回家:walk home

17,名词所有格

一般情况加’s Tom’s pen

以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office ten days’ holiday

表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加’s Mike and John’s desk

表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

1,祈使句(变否定在句首+don’t)

Be型(be +表语),否定形式:don’t + be +表语Be quiet,please. Don’t be late!

Do型(实义动词+其他),否定形式:don’t +实义动词+其他

Come here,please. Don’t play football here.

Let型(let sb do sth),否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth

No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile;No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers

2, in class在课堂上in the classroom 在教室3,be on time准时4,listen to music

5,(have a)fight with sb 6, eat outside 7, Some of… 8, bring…to…

9, Must 与have to

(1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法,意为“必须”。have to 表示客观的需要或责任,意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。

(2)must没有人称,时态和数的变化Have to 有人称,数,时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to ,过去式为had to. 构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/ does。

(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t /doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允许)。

10,practice (doing)sth 11,wash/ do the dishes 12,on school days/ nights

13,break/ follow(obey)the rules 14,Be strict with sb/ oneself be strict in sth对……严格。15,too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数too much“太多”修饰不可数名词

much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词

16,make one’s/ the bed

17,get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to)18,remember/ forget+to do要做remember/ forget +doing做过

19,have fun,enjoy oneself,have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

1, 回答why的提问要用because 2, Why not =Why don’t you+V原你为什么不…?

3,Kind of 相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与a little/ bit 相近

A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。

这里的kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。

4,walk on one’s legs/ hands on 意为“用…方式行走” 5,all day =the whole day整天

6,来自be/ come from where do they come from?=where are they from?

7,more than=over超过less than 少于8,once twice three times

9,be in great danger 10,one of… …之一+名词复数11,get lost

12,with/ without 有/ 没有介词13,a symbol of

14,由…制造be made of能看出原材料be made from 看不出原材料be made in+地点表产地15,cut down 砍到动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)

Unit 6 I’m watching TV.

1,现在进行时其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are)+ 现在分词(V-ing)。

否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前

2, 动词-ing形式的构成:一般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing

3,go to the movies 4, join sb for sth与某人一起做某事join us for dinner

5, live with sb live in+地点6, talk on the phone

7, other,another与the other

Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others

Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。

The other“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…the other…”表示“一个…,另一个…”8, wish to do sth 9, Here is+ n单Here are+ n 复

Unit 7 It’s r aining!

1.询问天气的表达方式:

How’s the weather?It’s a raining/sunny day. It’s raining.

What’s the weather like?It’s windy.

2, right now现在3, just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)4, the answer to the question

5, How’s it/ everything going?6, write (a letter)to sb

7, Take a message for sb 替人留言Leave a message to sb 给人留言

8, right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,马上

9,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)

反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。

10,adj 以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing

以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed

Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?

1,There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

There are +复数名词+地点状语.

谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)。

There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首

There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”

2,问路:①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?②Where is/ are……?

③How can I get to……?④Could/Can you tell me the way to……⑤Whi ch is the way to……3,Across,cross,through,over

Across是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过Cross是动词,相当于go/ walk across Through是介词,表示从物体中间或里面穿过go through the door

Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体上空越过,跨过fly over

4,in/ on the street 5,在某条大街上习惯用介词on on Bridge Street

6,across from,next to,between…and…,behind 7,Time goes quickly.

8,in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面in the front of在…(内部的)前面

9,turn left/right 10,on one’s/ the left 11,at the first crossing/ turning 12,enjoy doing 13,sometimes 有时(频度副词)sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天

Some times 几次,几倍some time 一段时间(前面用介词for)

14,free 空闲的free time 自由的as free as a fish 免费的The best things in life are free. 15,表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑问句和否定句中用any。

特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。

any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。

Unit 9 What does he look like?

1,what does he look like?询问人长什么样,回答:①主语+be+形容词/ 介词短语(he is tall/ of medium height);②主语+have/has+形容词+名词(she has long hair)what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么2,多个形容词修饰名词

多个形容词修饰名词,一般关系近的靠近名词;音节少的在前,音节多的在后。

限定词+数词(序前基后)+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

3,May be 为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。

4,a little,little修饰不可数名词,a little表示一点点,little表示几乎没有

a few,few修饰可数名词,a few表示一点点,few表示几乎没有

5,find 强调找到的结果,look for 强调寻找的过程. 6,问职业:what do you do?=what is your job?7,the same as→b e different 8,long straight brown hair

9,最后in the end(表事情结局)finally(强调次序)at last(强调经多番努力终于达成)by the end of 直到……为止at the end of在……末端/尽头

Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.

1,would like sth. 想要某物

Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗?——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks.

would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。

Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……吗?

—Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.

2,order:order food take/ have one’s order in order to为了in the order按顺序order/ book a room 预定房间order sb(not)to do sth命令

3,special和especial

special特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的,specials特色菜;specially专门地,特地

especial特别的,突出的,especially特别,尤其

4,the number of表示“……的数量”,后面接可数名词复数。做主语时,主语是number而不是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用单数;

a number of表示“许多”,相当于many,后面接可数名词复数,做主语时,主语不是number而是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用复数。

number前可用large,great,small修饰,不能用little。

5,仍然,还:still(肯定句)yet(疑问句、否定句)6,one bowl of two bowls of 7,what size(+n)would you like?Large/ medium/ small

8,大:big 体格大、笨重→small,little 形容具体的人或物

huge物体体积巨大=very big large物体面积、空间、范围、数量大→small 不修饰人

great重大事件或行为,伟大,具有感情色彩

9,肯定句中表并列用and 否定句、疑问句中表并列用or

Unit 11 How was your school trip?

1,一般过去时

基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;

否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;

一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?

2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed

不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)

3,How was your school trip?= what was your school trip like?

4,并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。5,be interested in +n/ v-ing

6,Something意为“某事,有些事”;anything意为“任何事,任何东西”;

everything意为“每一件事”(其后的谓语动词要用单数);nothing意为“没事,什么事都没有”。Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?

1,go+V-ing与do some +V-ing

go+V-ing表示“去从事某种活动”(一般指户外)go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ c amping/ hiking……

do some +V-ing 表示“从事某种活动”(一般指室内)do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading……

2,shout at sb 因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫;shout to sb 对某人大声叫喊,目的是让人听见

3,adj修饰不定代词adj要放后面something important,anything interesting

4,take sb to… 带某人去…… 18,finish doing 22,wake up

5,look out of…从……朝外看(window,door……)look out at sth 向外眺望……

look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心

6,feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行7,so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此……以致……”

eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.

The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.

The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it.

so that 引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(in order to)

eg:They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.

2017初中英语语法汇总

八年级上册

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

1, look+adj. 看起来……seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来……taste + adj. 尝起来…

2, nothing…but+动词原形除了…之外什么都没有Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢?

3, so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地

4, tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事decide to do sth. 决定去做某事

5, try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

6, forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事

7, dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事want to do sth. 想去做某事

8, start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事keep doing sth. 继续做某事

9. something interesting有趣的东西

1)something,anything,nothing,everything是指物的不定代词。

somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地点的不定代词。

2)当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时,放于其后;something special; somewhere wonderful. 3)不定代词、不定副词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:Is everybody here?

大家都到齐了吗?

4)something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。

如:Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问)

Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议)

10.提建议的句子:

①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping?

②Why d on’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?

③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping?

④Let’s + do sth. 如:Let’s go shopping

⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?

11. 辨析:get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思

get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点(小)=arrive in+地点(大)

注意:若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等,则不需要加介词。

12.nothing...but...意为“除......之外;只有”,如:

I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。

13. feel like 意为:“感受到;摸起来”,后跟宾语从句或名词。如:

I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。

另外,构成短语feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如:I feel like eating.我想吃东西。

14. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…;乐意做…

enjoy oneself 过得愉快=have fun/have a good time.

15, I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的

16, wonder (n): 奇迹;令人惊讶的事情(v) 惊讶感到疑惑;想知道

18, seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”,是个连系动词,构成的短语有:

seem to do sth. 好像做某事如:They seem to wait for you.. 他们似乎在等你。

seem(to be)+adj. 似乎...... 如:He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。

It seems that + 从句似乎...... 如:It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。

其他表示状态的系动词有:feel(觉得); keep(保持);stay(保持);look(看来像...);smell (闻起来)sound(听起来……)taste(尝起来……)

19, bored (adj),意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人;boring(adj),意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。如:I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。

相类似的词语还有: interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised

interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising

20. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.

1)because of + 名词/代词/名短I had to move because of my job.因为工作的原因我不得不搬家because + 从句如:I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

2)below意为“在......下面;低于”,其反义词为above,意为“在......上面;高于”

21.形容词/副词+enough 如:wet/quietly enough足够漂亮

enough +名词如:enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞

(形/副)+enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够…去做…

如:I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。

She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够,不能去上学。

同义句:She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)

She is so young that she can’t go to school.

22, so+形/副+that 从句:She is so popular that everyone likes her.

such+名短+ that 从句:She is such a popular girl that...

so that 从句:结果…(为了)如:He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.

23. 反身代词:myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves

如:The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).

Unit2 How often do you exercise?

1. What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么?

2.How about…? ...怎么样?/…好不好?

3.It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。

4.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式

5.by doing sth. 通过做某事

6.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光

7.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句?…有多少…? 8.主语+find+that从句. …发现…

9. exercise (v/n)的用法

1)(动):锻炼. 如:He exercises every day.

2) (可数名词):“...操;练习”.如:do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises

3)(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲:如:We often do / take exercise on weekends.

10. ----How often do you usually go shopping?

—Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.

11.hard硬的;困难的;严厉的;勤奋的a hard writer 努力地;猛烈地study/rain hard

12.how often表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有:

频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never

how often 次数+时间段: 如:once or twice a week

every +时间段: every day (每天) 区别:everyday(每天的;日常的)

注意:表示“一次或两次”时,一般用once和twice表示。如:once a month(一个月一次) 而表示“三次或以上”时,则用“数词+times”结构。如:five times a year (一年五次) 13.由how构成的疑问词组的用法

how many+ 可数名词复数如:how many programs

how much+不可数名词如:how much coffee

但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思如:How much are those pants? how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如:once ,twice,three times等

How old...? 询问年龄如:How old are you? I am five.

How long….?多久(时间) 常用for two days,for three hours等回答。

How long...?多长(某物的长度)如:---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.

how soon 用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours,in three days等。

如:How soon wil he come back?In an hour。

14.She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。

(1)be good for:“对……有好处”。如:Doing exercise is good for our health.

(2)be good at:“擅长于……” 如:He is good at playing football.

(3) be good to sb./sth: “对……好” 如:The old woman is good to us.

(4) be good to do sth.: “适合;宜于” 如:The water is good to drink.

(5) be good with: “与……相处好” 如:The teacher is good with his students.

15. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康

16.ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如:ask teacher for help

17.You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.

spend度过(时间)如:spend the weekend with family

spend花费(时间、钱)如:He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.

同义句:He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.

It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan.

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

1.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣

2.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事

3.as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样……

4.It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事……的。

5. 形容词和副词的比较级

一、含义①. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best

②. 比较级:表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。

③. 加more/most ~的情况:①.部分双音节和多音节词;②.-ed/ing结尾的词;③adj+ly→adv.

④. 双写的词:一个大热天,一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服,汗湿了,很伤心。

big-bigger/biggest hot-hotter/hottest fat-fatter/fattest thin-thinner/thinnest

red-redder/reddest wet-wetter/wettest sad-sadder/saddest

二.比较级基本句型:

连系动词+ adj.(比较级)如:Lucy is slower than Lily.

①.主语+谓语动词+adj./adv(比较级)+ than+ 对比成分

实义动词+ adv./(比较级)如:Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.

②. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致:Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)

③.同级比较级:… as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”

同级比较级否定:… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如……一样……”

④.比较级+and+比较级:越来越…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.

⑤. The比较级…,the+比较级…:越…就越… The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.

⑥. “Which / Who is + 比较级,A or B?” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?

⑦. the+比较级+of the(two ): 两者中较…的一个

Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .

6. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.

e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk.

The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.

The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.

7. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。

e.g. I am (5 years) older than him.The room is (3 times) as large as that one.

注意:①. 原级常与very, as,so, too, quite,pretty, really等连用。

②. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.

③. than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).

8. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而,你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。

讲述:tell a story/lie/joke.

1). tell 告诉:tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth.

辨别;识别:Can you tell the differences between the twins?

2).though意为“然而;但是”,表示转折关系,常放于句尾,用逗号隔开,而however可位于句首、

句中或句末,常用逗号隔开。However,You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win

9.They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。(both:两个都;用在实动之前,其它动词之后)You are both too young. They both speak English.

Both of …..+名词复数如:Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。both…and… 两者都…… 反义词组:neither…nor…两者都不……

注意:all:都(三者或三者以上); either:两者中任一个;every:每个(三者或三者以上)

10.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.

一个真正的朋友(在你需要帮助的时候)向你伸出手,触动你的心弦。

到达:reach /arrive at /get to the school

伸手去拿:reach ( out one’s hand) for sth.

与…取得联系:How can I reach you?

延伸:The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。

(v) 接触;触摸:Don’t touch the paint!请勿触油漆!

触动;感动I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。

(n)接触;联系: keep in /losetouch with sb. 与...保持失去联系

get in touch with sb. 与...取得联系

11. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑某人)

make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样如:His words make us happy.

12. It’s not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与...交朋友)

It’s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语)

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?

1.one of+可数名词的复数……之一

2.形容词和副词的最高级

一、含义①. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级: badly – worse - worst

②. 最高级:表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。

二.最高级基本句型结构

系动词+ the+adj.(最高级) of + 同类( of all/us..)

①. 主语+ 谓语动词+ the + adj./adv.(最高级) +

实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最高级)in + 范围(in China...)

如:Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class.

注:1. 副词的最高级前可省略“the”:如:sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适

②. 最高级前有其它的限定词时,不加“the”:my best friend

③. Which / Who …+the + 最高级…, A, B or C ?

e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?

④. one of +the +最高级(形)+名(复):“最…之一”。

e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.

⑤. the + 序数词+最高级(形)+名(单):e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.

⑥. This is the +最高级(形)+名(单)+ that 从句:

e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。

⑦. a+最高级(形)+名(单): 表示“非常”。e.g. Spring is a best season.

3. That’s up to you to decide. 那由你决定。be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定

be up to (doing) sth. 胜任;适合如:He isn’t up to watching the flowers.

4.What’up?= What’ wrong?= What’s the matter? 怎么哪?

5.what’s more: 另外;还有

6.what’s worse: 更糟糕的是

7.How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今为止;到现在为止同义句:①. How is the neighborhood? ②. What do you think of the neighborhood?

③. How do you feel about the neighborhood?

8. Thanks for telling me. thanks(n):感谢如:many thanks = Thank you very much.

thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事

9. No problem. 1). 不客气;(回答感谢)2)、没关系(回答道歉)3). 没问题(回答请求)

10.--How far is it from your home to the school? --- 10 minutes by bus. 乘车十分钟的路程。

11. watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb.do sth. ( 经常或已发生)

watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb.doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生)

如:I often hear her sing. (经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生)

I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)

12. 全世界:around the world = in the world = all over the world.

13. The cinema is the closest to my home. 电影院离我家最近。

close(v):关闭;封闭close the door/road. closed(adj):关闭的;不公开的

(adj): 近的;接近的He is close to success. 他快要成功了。

亲密的;密切的my close friend 我亲密的朋友。

(adv): 接近;靠近He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。

14.poor 贫穷的;可怜的如: She is such a poor girl that she can’t buy a toy.

糟糕的;质量差的如: I’m poor in English. He is in poor health.

Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?

1.let sb. do sth.让某人做某事

2.plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事

3.hope to do sth.希望做某

4.happen to do sth.碰巧做某事

5.expect to do sth.盼望做某事

6.be ready to do sth.乐于做某事

7.How about doing…?做……怎么样?8.try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事

9.plan (n)计划:make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做…

make a plan for sth. 为…制定计划如: make a plan for your trip.

(v) 计划;打算:plan (to do) sth 如: plan (to have) a trip (planning; planned) 10.stand 站立:stand up 代表: stand for sth. Our flag stands for our country.

容忍(否): can’t stand (doing) sth. 如: I can’t stand telling lies.

11. --- What do you think of soap operas? --- I don’t mind them.

1).think of 认为;以为:如: What do you think of sitcoms[?s?tk?m] 情景喜剧.

想起;记得:如: I can’t think of his name now.

考虑;关心:如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first.

想一想;想象:如: Think of the past, you’ll feel happier.

think about: 考虑如: He is thinking about going on vacation .

think highly/lightly of sb. /sth.: 对…评价甚高/ 轻视;看重/看轻

如: Mr. Black thinks highly of his students.

think out: 想出(= come up with= think up )如: think out a plan

think over … : 仔细考虑….. 如: Let me think it over.

think twice :慎重考虑;三思而后行如: You’d better think twice about going there alone 2).mind (n) 头脑;想法;心思如: Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见,心不烦

(v)注意;留心:如: Mind your head! 当心别碰头!Mind your own business! 别管闲事

介意;反对(否,疑问,条状)如: Would you mind opening the window?

keep... in mind:记住..。make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做…..

change one’s mind:改变想法be of /in two minds:犹豫不决

out of one’s mind:失去理智

to my mind:依我看Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意。。。吗?

never mind:没关系(回答道歉: sorry);别担心(用于安慰对方: I broke the cup.)

12. I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.

(n)希望:如: He never gave up his hope.

①. (v)希望:…hope to do sth. ; …hope +that从句.

I hope so. 我希望如此。I hope not. 我不希望如此。

②. 认为;发觉如: I found it necessary to take exercise.

find out :查明;弄清楚如: You’d bette r find out who broke the window.

look for :寻找如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didn’t find it

13. I like to follow the story and see what happens next.

我喜欢跟着故事的发展看看接下来发生什么。

1). follow 跟随:如:I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯

遵循;服从(命令;规则等)如:Follow my advice.

沿着…前进:如:Follow the road to the bridge.

理解;听清楚(sb) 如:You speak too fast for me to follow.

2).happen 发生(go on):What happened to you?= What’s wrong with you?

巧遇/偶然做...:I happened to be out when you called . 你给我打电话时我正好不在家。

14.You can expect to learn a lot/ much from sitcoms. 你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。1). expect 期望;盼望:expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.

expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game.

预料;认为:I expect that he will come soon.

I expect so: 我认为如此I expect not.= I don’t expect so. 我不认为如此

2).learn… from :从…中学到… ; learn from … :向…学习

15. famous be famous for...: 因(技能;特色)出名

Edison was famous for his inventions

be famous as...: 因(身份;产地)出名He is famous as a magacian.

16. come out 出来;花开;发芽:It’s w onderful to watch the stars come out at night.

(书刊、产品等)上市;发行:His new record(唱片)came out last week.

(秘密;真相)传出;大白:The truth will come out sooner or later.

17. He become very rich and successful.

1). rich: 有钱的;丰富的He is rich in experience. 他经验丰富

2). success (n):成功----- succeed(v)取得成功----successful(adj)/ successfully(adv) 成功的

18. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always

tried to face any danger. 主要原因之一是米老鼠就像一个普通人,他总是尽力面对任何危险。1)reason: 理由the reason for (doing) sth. It is his reason for being late.

2)try 尽力做...: try to do sth. I try to solve the problem myself.我尽力自己解决问题尝试做...: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed

have a try: 试一试try on:试穿(衣、鞋等)try out:测试(机器);试用(某人)3) any 无论哪个(肯):You can ask me any question at any time.

任何一个/一些(条状) :If you have any problem(s),please tell me.

若干;一些(否、疑问):Are there any messages for me?

4) danger(n)--- dangerous(adj)危险的;in danger 处于危险中;out of danger 摆脱危险19. luck (n)(adj) lucky/unlucky 幸运的/不幸的good luck 祝你好运(事前)

运气(adv) luckily/unluckily 幸运地/不幸地bad luck 真倒霉(事后)

20.失去;丢失lose the way迷路

输掉((比赛)lose the game ; lose to sb : 输给某人

21. be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做... be ready for sth. 为...做准备

ready愿意的;准备好的get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备(做...)

22. She dresses up like a boy and takes her father’s place to fight in the army.

她女扮男装,替父从军

dress (n) 女裙;礼服(vi) 穿衣: She dresses casually ['k????l?] 漫不经心地. 她穿着随意。

vt) 给...穿衣: The little girl can dress herself.

dress up: 化妆;打扮dress up as sb.化妆成某人be /get dressed (in...)穿...衣

23.take one’s place = take the place of sb. : 代替;替换take place : 发生(happen)

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science

1.be going to+动词原形打算做某事

2.practice doing练习做某事

3.keep on doing sth.不断地做某事

4.learn to do sth.学会做某事

5.finish doing sth.做完某事

6.promise to do sth.许诺去做某事

7.help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事8.remember to do sth.记住做某事

9.agree to do sth.同意做某事10.love to do sth.喜爱做某事11.want to do sth.想要做某事12. What do you want to be when you grow up?

(vi)生长;发育Vegetables here grow well. He grows taller.

逐渐变得;渐渐He grew old. He grew to like his job.

(vt)种植People grow rice in South China.

留长;蓄长(头发、胡须等I’ve dicided to grow my hair.

grow up 长大;成长grow into... 长成He has grown into a young man

13. I’m going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。

keep保持(状态):如:keep healthy. Keep the door open

记(日记、账簿)如:keep a diary

抚养(人);饲养(动)如:keep his family; keep a pet.

保留;留下如:You can keep the book for two days.

持续keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停)做… 如:They kept me talking.

keep on doing sth. (间歇后)做… 如:keep on trying

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做… keep up with 跟上;赶上

14.I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.

send 邮寄;发送如:send a letter/ message

打发;派遣(人)如:send sb. to sp. ; send sb to do sth.

派(车等)如: Will you send a car for him?

send up 发射;使上升send away 开除;赶走;send for 派(人)去请

15.Sounds like a good plan. (=That sounds like a good plan.) 听起来像一个好计划。

sound (n)声音voice:嗓音;说话声noise:噪音

sound (v)听起来sound+adj That sounds wonderful.(feel/smell/taste/look ) 听起来像sound like sth. It sounds like a good idea.

16.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos.有些人也许

会说他们将会开始一项业余爱好,比如绘画或摄影

take up拿起please take up your book and read.

take up开始做(兴趣)He took up (playing) golf when he was a child.

take up占用(时、空)The desk takes up too much room. I’m sorry to take up your time. Unit 7 Will people have robots?

1.hundreds of许多;成百上千

2.get bored感到厌烦的

3.will+动词原形将要做……

4.fewer/more+可数名词复数更少/更多……

5.less/more+不可数名词更少/更多……

6.have to do sth.不得不做某事

7.such+名词(词组)如此…… 8.There will be + 主语+其他将会有……

9.There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事

10.make sb. do sth. 11.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事12.try to do sth. 尽力做某事

13.It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事……的。

14. There will be more pollution. 将会有更多的污染。

1). There will be + n = There is/are going to be + n 将会有… (不能与have连用)

There is going to be a football match this Friday.

2). pollution(u.n): 污染;公害pollute(v):污染;弄脏polluted(adj):受污染的

15. I’ll fly rockets to the moon.= I’ll go to the moon by rocket. 我将乘火箭去月球。

fly(n)苍蝇

fly(v) (鸟、飞机等)飞I want to fly up into the sky.

fly(v) 使(飞机等)飞行;驾驶I’ll fly (t he spaceship) to other planets.

fly(v) (旗帜、头发等)飘扬The flag is flying in the wind.

fly(v) (时间)飞逝Time flies when I’m reading a book.

16. Today there are already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。

There be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在做… There is a bird singing in the tree.

17.They agree it may take hundreds of years. 他们同意这可能花费几百年的时间。

It takes + 时间+ (for sb.) to do sth. 某人花费时间区做某事。

It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

18.hundreds/thousands/millions of sth.; two… hundred/ thousand/million sth.

一般将来时

1. 含义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.

1). In the future, there will be less fresh water.

2). They’re going to buy some food right away.

2. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:

in the future, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (month), at once(立刻;马上), soon, right away(立刻;马上), right now(现在;马上), sooner or later(迟早), later,in + 一段时间等

3. 结构: 1) will +动词原形(第一人称用shall)2) be going to +动词原形

3). 否定:一加二改:一加(助动词+ not ); 二改(some 改为any )

He will visit you tomorrow. --- He won’t visit you tomorrow.

They aren’t going to buy any food.

4.一般疑问:一提二改三升调:把(will / be)提到句首;把some改为any、句号改为问好;

1). Will he visit you tomorrow? ------ Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.

2). Are they going to buy any food? ------ Yes , they are. / No, they aren’t.

5. 注意:

1). 在口语中,will常缩写为’ll,will not常缩写为won’t.

2). 在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I 和we)时,常用助动词shall:

Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow?

3). be going to 也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排,含有“计划,准备”的意思。更强调

主观:I’m going to take a trip this weekend;

而will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情: He will be twenty years old next month.

从不严格的语法角度而言,be going to与will二者可以.

4). There be 句型的一般将来时结构为:

There is/are going to be + n... ; There will be + n...: 将会有... (不能与have连用)

5). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来:

He is arriving at 8 o’c lock tomorrow.

6). 在条件、时间状语从句中,一般是主将从现。

If(如果) it is fine tomorrow, I’m going on a trip.

Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

1.I t’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到(某人)做某事的时间了

2.First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后……

3.want + to do sth.想要做某事

4.forget+to do sth.忘记去做某事

5.how + to do sth.如何做某事

6.need+to do sth.需要做某事

7.make+宾语+形容词使……怎样8.let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事

9. How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样制作一份香蕉奶昔?

shake hands 握手shake one’s head 摇头

10. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。

turn on:打开(电、煤气、水等)Will you please turn on the light? It’s too dark.

turn off: 关掉(电、煤气、水等)Please turn the light off when you leave the building.

turn up: 调高(音量等)I can’t hear clearly, please turn up the radio.

turn up: 出现If he doesn’t turn up in ten minutes, we’ll have to go.

turn down: 调低(音量等):Please turn down the TV when I’m talking on the phone.

turn down:拒绝She turned down his invitation.

11. cut up the bananas. 把香蕉切碎。cut:(n)切口;伤口;(v) 切,割,剪,砍,削等

cut… into… :把…切成… cut the turkey into pieces.

cut off:切断;中断He almost cut off his finger while working.

cut up 切碎;剁碎Cut the onion up in small pieces.

cut up 伤害;折磨:He was cut up badly when he fell off his bike.

cut down:砍倒;削减They cut down the old trees in order to build a new factory. 12. A: How much yogurt do we need? B: We need one cup of yogurt.

1). how many: 多少+ 可数名词:how many watermelons do you need?

how much 多少+ 不可数名词:How much cheese/sugar do we need?

how much多少钱= What’d the price of…? How much i s the butter?

13.Next,fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来,把这个面包混合物填充到火鸡里。

使充满;装满: fill A with B = A be filled with B = A be full of B

Fill the bottle with water. = The bottle is filled with / is full of water.

14.Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice nood les! 现在,到了享用米粉的时候了。

It’s time for sth. : It’s time for supper.

It’s time to do sth. It’s time to have supper.

是…的时候了It’s time for sb. to do sth. It’s time for you to get up.

可数名词与不可数名词

一.初中常见的不可数名词有:

wood ice ice cream wool metal glass hair dust air water milk wine beer bread sugar rice meat cheese weather sunshine experience traffic homework advice housework information peace trouble anger food fish grass tea drink coffee fruit snow education knowledge time music coke paper orange chicken hair exercise friendship pollution work room news salad popcorn corn salt pepper gravy honey soup porridge sunshine light money rain wind Chinese Japanese English beef pork oil juice 二.1.既可修饰可数名词也可修饰:all, some, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of …

2.修饰可数名词的词有:数词(one...), few, a few, many, a number of, numbers of...

3. 修饰不可数名词的词有:little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of

4. 不可数名词通常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”表示复数:three pieces of paper

祈使句

一.定义:祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

二.结构:

1. 肯定的祈使句:动词原形+其他Stand up, please. Be careful!

2.否定的祈使句: 1). Don't + 动词原形Don’t laugh at others.

2). Never do sth. Never do that again!

3). No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please.

4). Let’s not do sth. Let’s not waste time.

5). Don’t let sb. do sth. Don’t let them make any noise.

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

1.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事

2.what引导的感叹句结构:What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!

What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

3.be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤

4.look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事

5.What’s today?今天是什么日子?

6.What’s the date today?今天是什么日期?

7.What day is it today?今天星期几?

8.prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。 prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。/ prepare to do sth 准备做某事。

prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。

get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:①be ready(for sth.)②get sth. Ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事)

初中英语语法教案大全

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大S弯弯溪流淌,小s像8没合上; 大T铁锤当当响,小t像个大写七; 大U陷阱在下方,小u将n倒着放; 大V竖起两手指,小v长个尖下巴。 大W是M朝天躺,小w将v弄成双; 大X像叉画本上,小x剪刀裁衣忙。 大Y弹弓没皮筋,小y比v多尾巴; 大Z和2最相像,小z呼噜声最响。 英语字母书写口诀 字母书写有规则,右倾五度正适合。 大写全在上两格,高低一致不会错。 小写字母也不难,请你记住这几点。 有头就用上两格,b, d, h, i, k, l 和t。有尾就占下两格,g, p, q, y要记着。 无头无尾写中格,多练几遍不会错。 剩下j, f不一般,三个格子全都占。 仔细辨来认真练,养成书写好习惯。 单词首字母大写用法歌口诀 单词字母要大写,下面规则是小结。 句子开头首字母,文章标题虚词除(外)。

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初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!太平洋英语,免费体验全部外教一对一课程:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9118775166.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原)将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

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初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等 冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词 形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词 介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 中国亚洲北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 沙糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中生中考必须掌握的英语语法大汇总

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句,希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。 如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。 如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。 如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses (另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词 人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数he him his his himself

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法 知识点(全)

七年级(上) 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in (如in English) 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes,it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式:①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I,+es ④o结尾,除了negro hero tomato potato +es,其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入(团体组织)take part in 参加(活动) 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况:主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it?=what’s time?询问钟点回答:It is….(一律) 单词:trumpet喇叭racket(网球羽毛球)球拍plural复数,复数形式,复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数 七年级(下) 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一,再一 other 其他的,别的(无范围)+名词(复数) the other 两个中的另一个(通常搭配one…the other…) others 其他的人或物(代词) the others 多个中的剩余几个(不加名词,通常搭配some….the others…) 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do?询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天(状语)everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上(非树本身的一部分)on the tree 在树上(树上的一部分) 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来

(完整版)初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版),推荐文档

初中英语语法八大时态 一.一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

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初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.

III. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s

3. of所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.

III. 三.代词: I. 代词可以分为以下七大类: II. 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.

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过去将来: 一般过去将来I should work 过去将来完成I should have worked 过去将来进行I should be working 过去将来完成I should have been working 了解常见的动词时态的用法: 时态名称句型结构(以sing为例)常用时间状语 一般现在时主语+ sing sings(第三人称单数) be= am/is/are In the morning/afternoon/ Evening; Every day/week/year; Sometimes, often, usually, always;等 一般过去时主语+sang (过去式) be=was/were Yesterday, last week; Two years ago; in 1980;等 现在进行时主语+am is +singing现在分词 are Now These days、years等 过去进行时主语+ was +singing

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