高考英语完形填空解题技巧专项训练
高考完形填空解题技巧 (I)
完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，占20分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20 个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体解题技巧做了详细阐述：
一、考试出题的大致方向是：
1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。
2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。
3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力
4. 逻辑推理和生活常识
二、考试题型：
（一）词汇题：
单纯地考单词或短语的释义：
1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99)
A. comes off
B. turns up
C. pays off
D. holds up
答案：C.
词汇辨析题：
主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。
2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96)
A. shifting
B. transferring
C. altering
D. transforming
答案：D.
固定短语搭配题：
3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92)
A. capable
B. suitable
C. efficient
D. fit
答案：A.
(二)语法题：
语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。
4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94)
A. that
B. it
C. so
D. this答案：B.
(三)语篇题：
文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择.
5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A. nevertheless
B. therefore
C. moreover
D. meanwhile
答案：A.
三、解题技巧
要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间,增进效益.
1..充满信心，沉着冷静。
无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英语基础不错，但由于平时做练习时有―偏食‖的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减少失误。
2、精读第一句
它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。
这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：
1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。
2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。
知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如1994年考题的首句是：
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.
这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论"词汇(word)"与"语言表达(language)"的关系。作者的态度通过"first and smallest"就说明作者认为"词汇"对于"语言"的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕"词汇"与"语言"的关系展开的。
由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！
3.通读全文，掌握大意,粗选答案
有相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很难发现，同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样，答题时才能心中有数。此时可以边阅读边粗选答案,这是为了尽量减少空格,帮助更透彻地了解全文.
4、从上下文寻找信息词
完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。
警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very ＿.
A. deep
B. high
C. cold
D. dangerous
根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2)Mrs O‘Neill asked ＿＿questions and she didn‘t scold us either.
A. no
B. certain
C. many
D. more
and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
5.形意结合，前后参照
完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。
比如：
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her . They want to see how civilized she can 43 . Already she does many things a human being can do.(95NMET)
41空的选项是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均为形容词,都能修饰chimpanzee, 根据下文, 此黑猩猩在接受驯化,已经能做人能做的许多事,从而便可确定,她不再是
普通的(ordinary)黑猩猩了.如果不前后参照,去辨别四个词的用法,是无法选出正确答案的.
6.先易后难，迂回解题
做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用―迂回战术‖，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
7、把握文章组织结构
主要是针对语篇题。
做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened
__21__. As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__. (2002)
21. A. between B. before C. since D. later
22. A. after B. by C. during D. until
23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure
答案：21. A. 22. D. 23. C
分析：我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20世纪和15、16世纪，而19世纪显然是处在两者之间，故21填between。22题是一语法结构题，固定结构：It was not until---that---。23题属于前面介绍的"信息词"题。上文中出现的：television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应填medium
8.了解生活常识，确定相关知识。
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 (1998)
A. check
B.read
C. keep
D.sign
分析: 外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B
9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物
10.全文贯通，复查核定
做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目, 如定语从句状语从句非谓语动词名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用
灵活,概念清楚。二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感,在实践中感悟的辨析，搭配，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤，由简到难，由短到长地进行有针对性的专项训练，材料要精选，解题要限时，体裁要多样，运用正确的解题方法与技巧。四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒，解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。
高考完形填空试题解题思路与解题技巧(II)
做完形填空题是基于整个语篇的理解，要求学生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和一定的阅读理解能力和词语搭配能力，综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题也是阅读题，是一种难度较大的题型。是对考生阅读理解和语言综合运用能力的测试。本文侧重对完形填空题进行了全方位的剖析，介绍了完形填空题的理论依据、试题形式、试题性质，详细分析了填空类型、短文长度、间隔设计、成分与结构，总结出一整套完形填空题的解题思路与技巧，旨在帮助同学们提高解题意识，把握解题思路，掌握解题技巧。
一、完形填空题型介绍
1、理论依据
完形填空，又称为综合填空。英文叫Cloze Test(或Cloze Procedure, Cloze Technique)。从20世纪70年代起，这种测试形式就被我国外语教学界普遍采用。该题型也已成为我国高考英语试题及各种英语测试的固定题型，因此引起了广大英语教师和参加考试的学生广泛关注。
Cloze 一词来源于―格式塔心理学派‖（Gestalt Psychology）的术语。这个学派主张整体理解，理解时从上到下，从总体结构到各个组成部分进行分析，它认为人有时对不完整的事物进行补充的能力。按照―格式塔心理学派‖的理论，一篇文章有它的主题思想，整体结构，理论支持，总体布局等特点。选一篇文章，中间去掉一些词，也就是说每隔一些词留一个空格，这篇文章仍有足够的线索，考生能用这些线索，通过上下文的分析，对被去掉的词作出正确的判断，从所给的选项中选出恰当的词填入空格，使上下文合理、符合题意、并能保持原文内容的完整性和原文的语言特色。后来人们把这个理论应用到英语测试题上，就形成了今天的Cloze Test, 具体地说就是一种综合填空测试题。综上所述就是完形填空题的理论依据。
2、试题形式
完形填空题的形式主要有两种：
1）一种是取一篇短文，在当中挖掉一些词，留出空格，在文章下方提供4个可供选择的答案，考生从中选出正确的答案；
2）一种是取一篇短文，每隔一定数量的词，留出空格，不提供任何可供选择的答案，考生根据上下文填写一个恰当的词；
目前我国高考英语试题采用的是第一种形式，即在所选短文的下面提供4个可供选择的答案，考生从四个选项中选出一个正确答案。这是我国高考和英语测试采用的最流行的一种形式。
3、试题性质
完形填空题与语法选择题和词汇选择题虽然都是填空题，但在试题性质和测试目的上是完全不同的。语法、结构单项填空通常是以一个句子的形式出现的，通过选择一个答案，这个答案在语法上能够使这个句子完整。词汇选择题通常也是以一个句子的形式出现的，通过选择一个答案，这个答案能够使这个句子在意义上完整。而做完形填空题则基于整个语篇的理解，要求考生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和有一定的阅读理解能力，和词语搭配能力，综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题是阅读题，是一种难度较大的题型。是一种对考生阅读理解能力的测试。
二、完形填空的题型特色
1、填空类型分析
完形填空题的词项有两大类：实词和虚词。实词指：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词；虚词指：介词及介词短语、连词和冠词。还有一种划分是把完形填空题分为语义和动能两大类，如果该题型要求考生填入实词，这种填空题为语义类；如果该题型要求考生填入虚词，这种填空题为功能类。笔者分析并统计高考英语试题中的完形填空题以填实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词）为主，虚
词（连词、介词、介词短语）为次；也就是说以语义类为主，功能类为次。这就意味着完形填空题主要测试考生的阅读能力和英语语言知识综合运用能力。
2、短文长度分析
从短文的长度来看，近10年高考中，每篇短文平均为221个单词。
3、间隔设计分析
完形填空题的难易取决于两个因素：1）所取的短文本身所含的生词量、语法、句子结构、句子长短、文化背景等；2）空格之间的长度，空格与空格之间的长度越长，填空难度就越小，长度越小难度就越大。
4、成分与结构分析
从完形填空所填入的句子成分来看，以谓语、定语、宾语、状语居多，还有表语、及其他成分，以及非谓语动词、习惯搭配、固定词组、介词短语和各种句型等。从结构上分析，完形填空所提供的四个选项，如果单从本句的结构来看，四个选项都可以填入空格，但从意义上看只有一个答案。如1993年上海市高考英语试题的完形填空题的第61题：This ___61__ that you can watch the movement of his eyes as he reads the page. ____62__ you do this, you will see that your friend‘s eyes do not make a conti nuous forward sweep. ____63___ they progress by little ―jumps‖, moving, then stopping, as they progress along the line.
61. (A) shows (B) means (C) expresses (D) proves
本题所提供的四个选项都是动词，都能接宾语从句，后面跟的正是宾语从句，从结构上看四个答案都能填入空格，然而从四个词的意义来看，应该用means(意味着)，因为只有means才符合题意。有的单从这一句的语法、语言知识来看，四个选项填入都能成立，但从整个语篇考虑，答案只有一个。再如2000年全国英语高考卷的完形填空题第29 题：Worse still, Dad ___27___ a step and fell, sending my new suitcases __28___ down the stairs. ―Damn!‖ he screamed, his fa ce turning red. I knew ___29___ was ahead. Whene ver Dad‘s face turns red___30___!
29. (A) suffering (B) difficulty (C) trouble (D) danger 根据本句的结构分析，这个空格是主语的位置，四个选项都可以做主语，四个选项都能填进去；从意义上看，如果不考虑上下文，四个选项都对；但如果你看了下文你就可以知道应该选C, trouble 做答案。从语篇考虑，从全局考虑，瞻前顾后，浏览全文，整体感知，前后连贯，固定词组，习惯搭配，结构意义等，是完形填空题的最大特色。
三、完形填空的解题思路与技巧
1、整体浏览抓住主题
在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说?看书先看皮，看报先看题‘，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头
的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例1
Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(give)up reading to their children 62(after)they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children‘s 63(development).
―My 64(research) indicates that once children can read themselves, most parents stop reading 65(to) them,‖ Dr. Spreadbury says.
― 66(That) may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early).‖
Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtime)reading not only gives children a good start at school, but brings parents and their children closer.
―This makes it 69(easier) for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating) in their everyday life.
从上述短文我们可以看出，?She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children‘s 63(development).‘是该短文的主题句，这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。
2、再读全篇试填答案
许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信心了。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例2
Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won‘t be too long before they are able to 71(prove) its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result) of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.
Ten Chinese 73(engineers), enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed) by what they saw. Three 75(tall) animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them. 77(However), when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 78(speed) and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.
The men did not take any 79(photographs). However, scientists are 80(delighted) by the
discovery, because the engineers were all very well educated people and scientists feel they can 81(rely on) what they described.
After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected) some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal‘s foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a 83(study) of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse) to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real) until one of the animals has been caught.
71. a. prove b. analyze c. protect d. check
72. a. basis b. requirement c. result d. preparation
73. a. travelers b. engineers c. scientists d. explorers
74. a. frightened b. amazed c. upset d. inspired
75. a. trained b. rejected c. tall d. violent
76. a. shot at b. looked at c. fought with d. ran after
77. a. However b. Indeed c. Meanwhile d. Anyway
78. a. difficulty b. speed c. care d. pleasure
79. a. bullets b. tools c. medicines d. photographs
80. a. surprised b. delighted c. disturbed d. supported
81. a. rely on b. deal with c. write down d. pass on
82. a. cut b. pulled c. collected d. tore
83. a. film b. tour c. choice d. study
84. a. come b. refuse c. prefer d. have
85. a. wrong b. alive c. real d. correct
在做73题时，我们可以试选a. travelers , 因为后面有?enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road.‘ 但我们再往下读时，就会发现travelers 不对，而应该选b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到?On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped…‘ ，这里的the engineers显然是指the men 和ten Chinese engineers。再如74题，很多学生一开始会选a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响：?Three __75____ animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.‘ 特别是受到?covered with long dark hair‘的影响。当下文的空格完成以后，我们就会发现选frightened不对，而应选b. amazed, 因为下文有?On seeing the animals, th e engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them.‘如果中国工程师们were frightened(frighten: vt. to fill with fear; alarm充满恐惧；惊恐), 他们就不会stopped and ran after them. 所以要选amazed(astonished).这是一个非常典型的关于?再读全篇试填答案‘的例子。当你做题目没有把握时，就先试填，待文章看完时再回过头来检查你试填的答案，这不失为做完形填空题的好方法之一。
3、瞻前顾后寻找关联
我们在?再读全篇，试填答案‘一节中所谈的已涉及到?瞻前顾后寻找关联‘的某些含义，但侧重?试填‘；而我们将在这里侧重谈?瞻前顾后寻找关联‘。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选
项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。一般来讲，一个学生如果具有较高语言水平，较好的文化背景知识，史地及其他知识比较丰富的话，做该题型的困难就会比较少；可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些，反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲，讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候，首先要对空格前后句子，然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过?瞻前顾后，寻找关联‘来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格，则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等，那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题，那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致；如果是语义空格，那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等，那么就要通过上下文进行分析，根据文章的语义环境，做到?瞻前顾后，寻找关联‘，然后作出合理的判断。以2002年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例3
Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn‘t have done or something you didn‘t do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There‘s no 51( point) in getting depressed about it now—it‘s no 52( use) crying over spilt milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53(because) we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54(temper) with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55(anger) towards someone we are fond of than towards 56(strangers) . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 (let off) a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences of 58(insulting) a stranger could be far more serious. Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the 59(case). On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of 60(guilt) . Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut?
51. a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result
52. a. use b. help c. value d. benefit
53. a. so b. because c. but d. though
54. a. mind b. memory c. manner d. temper
55. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect
56. a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleagues
57. a. run through b. throw away c. give up d. let off
58. a. inviting b. insulting c. speaking to d. believing in
59. a. issue b. case c. event d. factor
60. a. excitement b. happiness c. pride d. guilt
以做55题为例，单从这一句来看，四个选项a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect都可以填进去, 但从下文的?we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,‘(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。) ?an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment‘ (一种在安全环境中可以宣泄怨气的机会)。再从前文的?The odd thing is that …(奇怪的事是…), 因此第55题可以判断选anger, 这样才能符合题义：?奇怪的事是我们更
经常地对我们喜欢的某些人发泄愤怒。‘在做这个题目的时候，我们?瞻前‘又?顾后‘，所以就比较顺利。再比如做54 题，我们也可以从下文的?we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,‘(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。)和?an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment‘得到启示,很容易看出要选d, 以构成lose our temper 的结构。根据这一原则，我们就能顺利地选出56题的答案是a, strangers, 这是因为上文提到的?我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网‘，也就是说我们经常对朋友和亲戚发脾气比较安全，而对strangers发脾气的后果就比较严重，据此我们也就能够很容易得出结论58题应该选b, insulting。我们在做完形填空题时，做到瞻前顾后，寻找关联，这样就能做到在高考中得高分。
4、完形完义立足全局
做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。以2001年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例4
Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more 61(refreshed) , in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself 62(physically) , as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially 63(done) in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64(deep sleep) early in the night. 65(Exercise)c an also help you get a better night‘s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness 66(caused) by exercise can improve sleep.
Exercise encourages weight loss and also may 67(relieve) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the 68(nighttime) drop in your body‘s temperature. The 69(benefits) of exercise are especially important for older people, 70(since) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime---working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.
61. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshed
62. a. physically b. mentally c. emotionally d. regularly
63. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted
64. a. night‘s sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep d. REM
65. a. Exercise b. Dreams c. Researchers d. Doctors
66. a. recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reduced
67. a. increase b. relieve c. release d. arouse
68. a. nighttime b. daytime c. dinnertime d. lifetime
69. a. disadvantages b. benefits c. ways d. places
70. a. yet b. if c. when d. since
在做完形填空题时，我们首先要找到主题句（topic sentence），以便抓住中心，了解文章的大意，这样做有利于我们做后面的填空。浏览一下本篇短文，我们就知道这篇短文的主题句就是：Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. 因此我们就知道这篇文章是谈论锻炼身体方面的。下文的填空就是关于这一方面的。我们在上文已经谈到―完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局‖的解题原则。在这一篇短文的第一段，我们从physical activity和in the body得到启示，62题应该填a. physically；从第二句和第三句的deep sleep得到启示，64题应填c. deep sleep; 62与64题的做法很典型地体现了―完形必须服从完义‖，―单句必须服从段落‖的原则。而61与63题则根据―瞻前顾后，寻找关联‖的原则就可以解出,一个人如果sleep better，那么醒过来就会感到refreshed, 我们do exercise而不是made, functioned,或conducted exercise。我们在做65题时，可以从第一段和第三段得到启示，第一段提到两处?physical activity‘ 和?physical exercise‘, 而第三段有5处exercise或exercising, 结合第二段的意义，就不难看出65题应填a. Exercise. 再看69题，从单句的语法上看，四个选项都可以填进去，从单句的意义上看，benefits, ways, places三个选项都可以填进去，但从全文来看，特别是文章第一句的?regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit‘，就只有b. benefits填进去才对，而且是唯一的答案。65题和69题的做法体现了―完形必须服从完义‖，―段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局‖的原则。
5、复读全文验证答案
我们做完形填空题的最后一道工序就是―复读全文验证答案‖。题目做完以后，我们要把?完形‘后的全文再读一遍，看看是否?完义‘，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅，如果读起来流畅而通顺，说明既完形又完义；反之，则说明我们对文章还没有完全理解，也就是说虽然?完形‘了，但还没有?完义‘，必须重新推敲已填答案。此外，还要从语法上看句子是否主谓一致，特别要注意非谓语动词是否与主语一致，时态是否前后呼应，检查动宾搭配，动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否合理，如果发现问题，则要根据文章的主题思想、本句、本段和全文的上下文与逻辑关系，重新选择选项；如果个别选项实在没有把握，那就根据感觉猜一个，但决不能放弃。总之，我们要从完形和完义、语法和语义等方面进行推敲，修正错误，弥补疏漏，从而使自己的答案尽可能地接近或达到完美。
完形填空专项训练
（一）
The Ministry of Education has spared no efforts to bring on IT learning. What is its main aim? Is it to teach students how to learn the computer or is it meant to change the usual method of teaching in order to 1 students‘ strong interest in computers?
Teaching students computer knowledge and skills is different 2 giving class lessons through the use of computers. And schools are beginning to pay much attention to using computers to teach students. There is 3 about the fact that IT learning plays an important role as a new teaching tool in this day of technology. 4 , views differ on
whether the schools can achieve their targets, as success 5 whether they can make use of computers effectively.
Let‘s take the subject of Chinese as an example and see 6 difficulties the experts face in their IT management. At present,20 percent of lessons are given with the help of computers. In other words, in a period of 10 weeks, a Chinese-language teacher must spend two weeks to teach the subject 7 .In carrying out such a major policy as IT learning, the experts should know the 8 that different teachers teaching different subjects have different demands, thus making it 9 to see the policy through.
Some teachers, having already got some computer knowledge, will still be forced to 10 the training courses with those who have zero knowledge about computer.
Another problem is that new teachers may be sent to work in schools 11 IT learning has just started. All teachers—including the seniors who are very 12 in teaching, but who suddenly have no idea what to do when it comes to computers will have to 13 from the very beginning. They will become 14 and their teaching performances may be badly affected. The experts have found out how much of each subject is taught by computers in every school, and have 15 all schools to complete the given work. A hard-pressed teacher may put the daily teaching 16 or the courses onto the computer just to order the required time for IT learning and then 17 the usual way. Furthermore, he may leave school work to his 18 through the computer before class comes to an end in order to ―complete‖ his IT learning 19 . 20 the teaching of the Chinese language is concerned, do computer lessons really achieve the desire goals to raise the students‘ level of Chi nese, pass on common values and so on? I am not so sure.
1.A.show B.be C.match D.have
2.A.with B.to C.in D.from
3.A.no reason B.no doubt C.no need D.no time
4.A.However B.Therefore C.And D.So
5.A.depends on B.leads to C.results in D.believes in
6.A.that B.such C.what D.how
7.A.the usual way B.the regular way C.the best way D.the new way
8.A.fact B.message C.news D.truth
9.A.easy B.helpful C.hard D.fast
10.A.sit for B.run for C.give D.attend
11.A.for which B.that C.where D.which
12.A.interested B.satisfied C.successful D.experienced
13.A.work B.start C.teach D.manage
14.A.pleased B.disappointed C.certain https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,fortable
15.A.ordered B.improved C.encouraged D.instructed
16.A.methods B.skills C.programs D.performances
17.A.make a living B.give lessons C.go to lectures D.does work
18.A.work-mates B.headmasters C.instructors D.students
19.A.skills B.experiences C.duties D.methods
20.A.As B.So long as C.Even though D.As far as
（二）
Tim Becker and his neighbors are doing something to make their neighborhood a trouble-free area.
When Tim Becker gets in his car to go shopping, he doesn‘t 1 drive to a store and back home. He always looks 2 up and down the streets of his neighborhood. He looks for anything 3 such as strange cars, loud noises, 4 windows, or people gathering on street comers.
Tim 5 to a neighborhood watch group in Stoneville, Indiana, USA. The neighborhood watch group 6 on the third Wednesday of every month. That‘s 7 . Tim gets together with about ten of his neighbors to discuss community 8 .Members of the neighborhood watch group want to help the police 9 their homes, streets, and families safe.
Tina Stedman, president of 10 neighborhood watch group, agrees with Tim.―People seem to think that crime happens to other people but not 11 them. Well, it‘s never happened to me,‖ she said,―but I don‘t think anyone has the 12 to steal from other people or to make them feel 13 sitting in their own homes.‖Alex, a member of the group, said that all the neighbors 14 out for one another,―We 15 each other‘s homes. We keep watch on the neighborhood at night and on weekends. Usually a 16 of four or five of us goes out together. If something doesn‘t look right,then we call the 17 . For example,if we notice a group of teenagers who seem to be looking for 18 ,or someone destroying property, we report to the police.‖
Alex feels the neighborhood watch groups 19 a lot in keeping crime down. Her husband Jim agrees,―Police are goo d people, but they can‘t do 20 .‖
1.A.yet B.still C.just D.rather
2.A.carefully B.clearly C.nervously D.coldly
3.A.familiar B.unusual C.expensive D.interesting
4.A.curtained B.open C.old D.broken
5.A.attends B.belongs C.goes D.turns
6.A.meets B.quarrels C.sings D.searches
7.A.where B.why C.when D.how
8.A.politics B.wealth C.health D.safety
9.A.keep B.hold C.let D.protect
10.A.its B.his C.their D.your
11.A.round B.on C.about D.to
12.A.right B.chance C.courage D.mind
13.A.unlucky B.unsafe C.disappointed D.discouraged
14.A.set B.let C.hold D.look
15.A.care B.enter C.watch D.manage
16.A.group B.set C.number D.crowd
17.A.judges B.police C.firemen D.doctors
18.A.work B.burden C.service D.trouble
19.A.produce B.find C.get D.help
20.A.anything B.evening C.harm D.wrong
（三）
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. 2 , when all of these methods fail,the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 3 in analyzing a problem.
4 the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam‘s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must
5 that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 6 the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for 7 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 8 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 9 ,he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, 10 his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.
After 11 the problem, the person should have 12 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 13 ,his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.
In the end, one 14 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 15 idea comes quite 16 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 17 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.
Finally the solution is 20 .Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.
1.A.serious https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,ual C.similar https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,mon
2.A.Besides B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However
3.A.ways B.conditions C.stages D.orders
4.A.First https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,ually C.In general D.Most importantly
5.A.explain B.prove C.show D.see
6.A.check B.determine C.correct D.recover
7.A.answers B.skills C.explanation https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,rmation
8.A.possible B.exact C.real D.special
9.A.In other words B.Once in a while C.First of all D.At this time
10.A.look for B.talk to C.agree with D.depend on
11.A.discussing B.settling down https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,paring with D.studying
12.A.extra B.enough C.several D.countless
13.A.secondly B.again C.also D.alone
14.A.suggestion B.conclusion C.decision D.discovery
15.A.next B.clear C.final D.new
16.A.unexpectedly https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,te C.clearly D.often
17.A.simple B.different C.quick D.sudden
18.A.fortunately B.easily C.clearly D.immediately
19.A.clean B.separate C.loosen D.remove
20.A.recorded https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,pleted C.tested D.accepted
（四）
He has been called the ―missing link‖.Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world—Mount Everest.
He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The 1 of Snowman has been around for 2 . Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest. The native people said they 3 this creature and called it the ―Yeti‖,and they said that they had 4 caught Yetis on two occasions 5 none has ever been produced as evidence.
Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 6 . In 1916, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest. Shipton believed that they were not 7 the tracks of a monkey or bear and 8 that the Abominable Snowman might really 9 .
Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis. But the only things people have ever found were 10 footprints. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than 11 animal tracks, which had been made 12 as they melted and refroze in the snow. 13 ,in 1964,a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was 14 and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans. But, 15 , no evidence has ever 16 been produced.
These days, only a few people continue to take the story of Abominable Snowman 17 , but if they ever 18 catching one, they may face a real 19 : Would they put it in a 20 or give it a room in a hotel?
1.A.event B.story C.adventure D.description
2.A.centuries B.too long C.some time D.many years
3.A.heard from B.cared for C.knew of D.read about
4.A.even B.hardly C.certainly D.probably
5.A.as B.though C.when D.until
6.A.developed B.changed C.occurred D.continued
7.A.entirely B.naturally C.clearly D.simply
8.A.found B.declared C.felt D.doubted
9.A.exist B.escape C.disappear D.return
10.A.clearer B.more C.possible D.rare
11.A.huge B.recent C.ordinary D.frightening
12.A.strange https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,rge C.deep D.rough
13.A.In the end B.Therefore C.After all D.However
14.A.imagined B.real C.special D.familiar
15.A.so B.besides C.again D.instead
16.A.rightly B.actually C.normally D.particularly
17.A.lightly B.jokingly C.seriously D.properly
18.A.succeed in B.insist on C.depend on D.join in
19.A.decision B.situation C.subject D.problem
20.A.zoo B.mountain C.museum https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,boratory
（五）
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
When your wallet is nearly empty or your check balance is low, you know you are nearing your spending __45__. But if you use credit, you can __46__ without realizing it-until the bills come in. That's why wise credit use __47__ planning and monitoring.
Take a look at your __48__ credit situation. Do you know how much you pay out each month on credit obligations and whether or not your debt is in __49__ with your income? If your credit picture isn't clear, __50___ you need to organize your record and take a closer look.
How do you know when it's time to stop buying __51__ credit? There's __52__ single answer to this question __53__ it depends on your circumstances, __54__ the size and stability of your income and your present and future expenses.
45. A. time B. control C. limit D. line
46. A. buy B. overspend C. overdraw D. deal
47. A. claims B. advises C. allows D. requires
48. A. current B. new C. old D. used
49. A. order B. line C. trouble D. plan
50. A. perhaps B. hurriedly C. unwillingly D. luckily
51. A. in B. by C. over D. on
52. A. every B. one C. no D. any
53. A. because B. if C. though D. while
54. A. for example B. as C. namely D. such as
(B)
Many teenagers in Taiwan are anxiously counting down the days to the arrival of two giant pandas from the other side of the Straits(海峡). It seems the __55__ animal will finally be coming their way.
A group of 17 animal experts came to Wolong Nature Reserve(卧龙自然保护区) in Sichuan Province. They __56__ their ideal animals and learned more about how to help them have babies and take care of them every day.
"I cannot __57__ any longer to see the lovely animals. Maybe I will even feed them bamboo shoots with my own hands! Isn't that exciting?" said Lin Heqian, a Senior 1 student from Private Chung-hsin School(私立忠信学校) in Taiwan.
Chen Runsheng, secretary-general of the China Wildlife Protection Association, told these experts that it is a long-term __58__ of the mainland people to be able to __59__ a panda to the people of Taiwan.
Mainland pandas coming to Taiwan will surely bring the people happiness and fun, Chen added.
The __60__ of giant pandas to be sent to Taiwan started at the end of August at the Wolong Nature Reserve.
Several zoos are __61__ to become the new home of the two pandas in Taiwan. Taipei Zoo has already talked about building a new home for its new residents.
Several months have passed since the mainland announced its presentation of a __62__ of pandas to the island in May. But it seems that teenagers in Taiwan will still __63__ wait for half a year. That is because the new home for giant pandas in Taipei Zoo will not be finished until the end of this year, according to Chen Baozhong, president of the zoo.
If everything else goes smoothly, the pandas are __64__ on the island next March.
55. A. fun-loving B. slow-moving C. curious D. fierce
56. A. picked B. saw C. showed D. played
57. A. stay B. hope C. keep D. wait
58. A. idea B. wish C. mind D. plan
59. A. present B. provide C. supply D. offer
60. A. feeding B. selection C. production D. checking
61. A. quarrelling B. arguing C. fighting D. breaking
62. A. group B. lot C. party D. pair
63. A. hope to B. have to C. want to D. like to
64. A. wished B. expected C. imagined D. wanted
（六）
Every time I passed boys who were playing basketball, I stopped to silently watch them. I really envied them. But as a girl, I once thought that I could 36 play basketball.
I like playing basketball though I'm not good at it. I've had a basketball 37 I was a child. At first, I could play freely because no one 38 when I was just a kid. But as I grew up it seemed harder and harder for me to enjoy basketball.
At school, it was always the boys who played basketball during PE classes. The girls were 39 allowed to play volleyball or badminton.
My parents did not 40 me play basketball at home. "Basketball is not fit for girls," they said. 41 I went to play basketball with my friends, boys 42 at me on the court as if I were an alien.
I was feeling 43 and had lost hope of playing basketball. 44 , something
changed the first day of high school. I made some friends who also enjoyed playing basketball. They 45 me to get back on the court.
One of them told me with a smile, "Go your own 46 , let others talk." This girl would always play basketball with me. Even the boy who sat next to me in class talked about 47 with me almost every day.
I was inspired by them. Confidence and passion 48 to my heart. I am ready to stand up and play. I will play as well as I can, 49 for me, even the sky is boundless (无垠的).
Basketball has become an important part of my 50 . I am interested in it. I watch matches and enjoy playing almost every day. Through basketball, not only do I feel happy and confident, but also 51 a lot.
I've heard the NBA star Tracy McGrady say, "Nothing is impossible." It is from an advertisement on TV. I have 52 to realize that life is just like playing basket: ball. You should have an 53 . After that, just be confident and 54 going. Never give up and you'll make it sooner or later.
I love the motto of the NBA. It can 55 my strong feelings for basketball, "I love this game!"
36. A. ever B. often C. never D. always
37. A. when B. before C. after D. since
38. A. struggled B. eared C. enjoyed D. joined
39. A. only B. almost C. hardly D. not
40. A. encourage B. agree C. let D. permit
41. A. Still B. Yet C. Just D. Even
42. A. looked B. glared C. glanced D. stared
43. A. up B. down C. excited D. satisfied
44. A. Unluckily B. Naturally C. Unexpectedly D. Clearly
45. A. encouraged B. forbade C. ensured D. explored
46. A. effort B. way C. business D. direction
47. A. basketball B. sports C. interests D. dreams
48. A. stuck B. referred C. turned D. returned
49. A. but B. though C. and D. however
50. A. wish B. life C. work D. study
51. A. experience B. grow C. learn D. play
52. A. come B. turned C. refused D. happened
53. A. idea B. aim C. opinion D. effort
54. A, insist B. remain C. keep D. last
55. A. inform B. express C. ignore D. connect
（七）
Ever since Jonathan had set up the house in Comton Street, he had looked after it very carefully. Before he left the house in the morning, he carefully closed all the 1
downstairs, 2 some windows to let the air in and 3 the front gate for the safe. Everything Jonathan did was 4 .
One summer evening Jonathan returned home 5 at five minutes to seven exactly. When he opened the front gate he immediately notice something 6 .There was a heavy footprint in the 7 in one of the flower beds.
Jonathan was just going to blame the milkman or the postman 8 she noticed that one of the curtain in the front room downstairs was out of order. Jonathan never 9 anything out of order. He walked 10 to the front door and opened it quietly. He 11 carefully for a few moments but could find nothing. The front room door was half open. Jonathan studied it thoughtfully, 12 if he had forgotten to close it that morning. He had never forgotten before. She stepped silently 13 the hall to the door and looked 14 the room.
The shadow of a man was clearly reflected on the far wall in the afternoon sunlight. He had 15 been standing behind the door since Jonathan‘s return.Jonathan grabbed the door handle（门把）, 16 the door quickly and turned the key. Then he calmly 17 the telephone in the hall and set about calling the police.
The thief tried to 18 through a window to get out but Jonathan had 19 that. Three minuets later the police arrived on the scene. Jonathan was a little angry that he had to have dinner 20 than usual but on the whole he felt quite pleased with herself.
1.A.windows B.doors C.rooms D.house
2.A.opened B.closed C.found D.broke
3.A.opened B.closed C.locked D.looked at
4.A.slow B.quick C.orderly D.disorderly
5.A.as usual B.all the same C.right away D.as soon as
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,ual B.strange C.interesting D.happy
7.A.circle B.surface https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,nd D.earth
8.A.that B.since C.when D.because
9.A.left B.designed C.arranged D.planned
10.A.down B.up C.in D.on
11.A.listened B.heard C.looked D.watched
12.A.thinking B.guessing C.wondering D.surprising
13.A.across B.along C.into D.onto
14.A.at B.through C.inside D.over
15.A.happily B.frightenedly C.calmly D.angrily
16.A.opened B.locked C.shut D.tied
17.A.picked away B.picked up C.picked out D.picked down
18.A.roll B.climb C.rush D.dive
19.A.hoped B.wished C.expected D.supposed
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a010283365.html,ter B.earlier C.slowly D.quickly
（八）
It was the end of my first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone away, and my feet 1 . The loaded plates I carried 2 to be heavier and heavier. Tired and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything 3 . As I made out a check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream 4 a dozen times, I was ready to stop. Then the father 5 at me as he handed me my tip. "Well done,' he said, "you've 6 us really well." Suddenly my tiredness 7 . I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I‘d like my first day, I said," 8 !' Those few words of praise had 9 everything. Praise is like 10 to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And 11 , while most of us are only too 12 to apply(应用)to others the cold wind of criticism(批评), we are 13 unwilling to give
our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. Why---when one word of praise can bring such 14 ?
It's strange how chary (吝啬) we are about praising. Perhaps it's 15 few of us know how to accept it. It's 16 rewarding (奖赏) to give praise in areas in
which 17 generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. An artist gets complimented (admired) for a glorious picture, a cook for a 18 meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are 19 just right? In fact, to give praise 20 the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort.
1. A. rested B. hurt C. broke D. slipped
2. A. remained B. looked C. seemed D. appeared
3. A. new B. special C. nervous D. right
4. A. order B. price C. material D. chair
5. A. stared B. smiled C. glanced D. nodded
6. A. called on B. looked after C. passed by D. thought of
7. A. arrived B. continued C. disappeared D. developed
8. A. Oh B. Well C. Fine D. Terrible
9. A. made B. changed C. found D. improved
10. A. heat B. warmth C. snowstorm D. sunlight
11. A. then B. thus C. therefore D. yet
12. A. ready B. doubtful C. satisfied D. disappointed
13. A. unable B. unwilling C. likely D. anxious
14. A. attention B. choice C. pleasure D. difficulty
15. A. because B. when C. what D'. where
16. A. finally B. especially C. silly D. fortunately
17. A. effort B. attempt C. deed D. feeling
18. A. daily B. light C. perfect D. poor
19. A. done B. sold C. chosen D. given
20. A. adds B. leaves C. offers D. costs
（九）
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training．Therefore, the 3 6 of a job should be made even before the choice of a curriculum (课程)in high
历届高考英语完形填空全国卷
高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读
高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
(word完整版)高中英语完形填空解题技巧和训练
高中英语完形填空解题技巧和训练 一、首句信息 完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 (广东卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1__ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by __2__ situation that has designed for the __3__ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average 二、注意前后语境，暗示信息 考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。 考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。 这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 （广东卷）“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ___49___.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.” 49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer 三、注意固定搭配，熟记常见句型， 考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。 I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ___44___the telephone. 44. A. with B. by C. from D. on (陕西)The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little __34__ to them. 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction 四、注意词语辨析 考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。 Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37_ qualities. First of all … 37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular （全国卷）Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
高考英语完形填空解题技巧专项训练
高考英语完形填空解题技巧专项训练 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
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高中英语完形填空解题技巧大全 开篇练习 My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk， but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight，you wouldn‘t know he has a problem when you saw him 2 . Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play， and Joey would jump and ran and play，4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn‘t be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn’t know. In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others， 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn‘t tell him he probably would never make the team， so he didn’t know. He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 ，so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later， the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn‘t do it … so he didn’t know. He just 15 it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk 3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet 5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 8. A. neighborhood B. familyC. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tiredC. pleased D. worried 10. A. think about B. hear fromC. agree with D. look for 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already
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高考英语阅读理解题的特点及解题技巧 一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点 近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。现以近几年高考全国卷I为例，谈谈阅读理解题的选材及命题特点。 1. 对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点 高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。 2. 选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点 就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。 3. 适当降低读速及难度要求，提高试题的信息含量，体现新课程的理念 近几年阅读理解题的阅读量总体呈回落趋势，比如，2006年全国卷I的读速略有降低，但近年来阅读速率要求均在50---57wpm之间；难度系数适当降低，注重考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力。 4. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，设问方式更加深入 阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。 二、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析 正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句；(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构； (3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、 推理或演绎；(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。
高三英语高考完形填空专项练习含答案
完形填空专项练习 姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：________ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 （1）A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41along I65 north after delivering to one of his 42 .Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 59 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life. 41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If 44. A. each B. another C. that D. his 45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned 47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled 48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over 49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed
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