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中考英语主谓一致全面总结

中考英语主谓一致全面总结
中考英语主谓一致全面总结

Grammar

Subject-VerbAgreement(主谓一致)

主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。

1.语法一致原则

如果主语是单数,谓语动词则用单数形式;

如果主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。

eg.Bothparties______theirownadvantages.

Herjob_____somethingtodowithcomputers.

2.意义一致原则

有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致。

Hisfamily______(be)abigfamily.

Hisfamily_______(be)listeningtomusic

whenhecameback.

ThepopulationinChina______(be)verylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChina_____(be)farme rs.

3.就近原则

有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。

e.g.Eithermygrandsonsortheirfather__(be)coming.

NeitherRichardnorI_____(be)going.

(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况

Theteachersarerespectedintheworld.

1)主语为复数名词或代词

Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.

Thecattlearekeptinhisfarm.

2)当people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语,形式上为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.

TheRockymountainsstandinthewestofthenorthAmerica.

3)山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的复数名词作主语。

Thericharenotalwayshappy.

Generallyspeaking,theyoungareeagerforsuccess.

4)the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时

如blind,deaf,living,dead,

the+wounded,poor,rich

old,young等

但指个人或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.

Thebeautifulisalwayslovedbypeople.

TheWhitesaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.

TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.

5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人

(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况

1)可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。

Theadviceispractical.

2)表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.

3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.

Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.

Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.

4)以-S结尾的单数名词,形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths,politics)谓语用单数。

TheUnitedstatesismadeupof50states.

TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernment GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.?

5)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。

Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.

6)each

neither+of+the+复数名词或代词

Either

Eachofus_____adictionary.

Eitherofthebooksonthetable_______tome.

Neitherofthem___fitforthejob.

7)manya/each/every

either/neither+单数名词

morethanone

Manyastudent__________thefilm.

Neitherstory____true.

Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.

Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.

注意:当each放在主语后作同位语时,不决定谓语单复数。

Theyeachhaveadictionary.=

Eachofthemhasadictionary.

8)everyevery

each+名词单数+and+each+名词单数作主语时

nono谓语用单数

manyamanya

Everydeskandeverychair___madeofwood.

Manyaboyandmanyagirl____madethesamemistake.

9)由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body

所构成的复合不定代词做主语时,谓语用单数。

Nobody______togothere.

Something______beendonetoendthestrike.

(三)其它情况

1)用and或both…and…连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一个人或事或整体概念,谓语动词用单数(如果是可数名词的单数这时and 后面的名词一般没有冠词)。

用is/are填空:

EnglishandChinesequitedifferentlanguages.

Waterandairbothimportant.

Ayoungmanandagirltogothere.

Thesingerandthewriterfamoustomanyyoungpeople Themanagerandsecretaryasbusyasabeeallday

Thesingerandwriterfamoustoeveryone.

Warandpeace(战争与和平)aconstantthemeinhistory.

Aknifeandfork(刀叉)neededforawesternmeal.

Breadandbutter(黄油面包)servedforbreakfast.

Earlytobedandearlytorise_____(早睡早起)agoodhabit.

常用的一些表示整体概念的词

ironandsteel钢铁

lawandorder治安

awatchandchain一块带链的表

Aneedleandthread针线

acoatandtie配有领带的上衣

2)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工

厂),Chinese,Japanese等。

选择填空

has/have

Everymeans_____beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

Allmeans_______beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

was/were

Thisshoeworks_____setupin1980.?

Thoseshoeworks______allsetupin1980.??

3)表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks(筷子),

compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts

等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;

ChopsticksmainlyareusedinChina.

但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,

aseriesof连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

如:

Thiskindofbooks____useful.

=Booksofthiskind____useful.

4)某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有:

class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。

5)就近原则

下列连词连接两个主语时,及therebe句型有多个并列主语,谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。AorB

eitherAorB

neitherAnorB 动词与靠近的主语一致

notonlyAbutalsoB

therebeA,BandC

notAbutB

1)Eitherthegirlortheboy____inCanada.(is/are)

2)NeitherhenorI______theanswer.(knows/know)

3)NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

4)You,heorIright.

5)_____eitherheoryouright?(be)

(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)

6)Youorhe_______toblame.

____youorhetoblame?

A.is,IsB.are,AreC.is,AreD.are,Is

7)Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizetothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(NMET1994)

A.ishandingout

B.aretohandout

C.arehandingout

D.istohandout

6)就前原则

当主语后面跟有

aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,b esides,including,inadditionto等词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。

1)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.( NMET2004北京卷)

A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.wouldbe

2)NobodybutJohnandHelenabsent.

I,ratherthanyou,responsiblefortheaccident.

7)anumberof+n(复数)作主语,谓语用复数。

thenumberof+n(复数)作主语,谓语用单数

Thenumberofthepeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreason s.

A.were,was

B.was;was

C.was;were

D.were;were

8)alargequantity/amountof+n谓语由of后的名词单复形式决定

largequantities/amountsof+n(可数/不可数)谓语复数

Alargequantityofpeople_______neededhere.

Alargequantityofwater____neededhere.

Largequantitiesoffood_______gonebad.

9)关系代词作主语,定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。Heisoneofthefewpersonswho______agoodknowledgeofItalian.

当one之前有theonly修饰时,one是who的先行词,从句谓语动词用单数。Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_______givenaprize.

10)倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:

1)Betweenthetwobuildings(stand)amonument.

2)Ontheship___________(be)over2,200people.

3)Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.

Amongthose________(be)theyoungwoman.

11)such,thesame起指示代词作用,应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如:

Such___ourplan.???????

Such_____myhopes.???

12)all做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。

All____wellthatendswell.

All_____eagertoreachanagreement.

13)partof/halfof/…percentof/onethirdof+名词,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。Onethirdofthelandissoldbythegovernment.

常用的一些表示整体概念的词

ironandsteel钢铁

lawandorder治安

awatchandchain一块带链的表

Aneedleandthread针线

acoatandtie配有领带的上衣

Exercises

1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.

A.am??

B.be???

C.is???

D.are

2.?Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.

A.has???

B.have???

C.had???

D.ishaving

3.?Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.

A.hasbeen???

B.havebeen???

C.are???

D.is

4.?There______inthisroom.

A.aretoomuchfurniture???

B.istoomanyfurnitures

C.aretoomuchfurnitures??

D.istoomuchfurniture

5.?Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.

A.were???

B.are???

C.was???

D.be

6.?NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.

A.am???

B.is???

C.are???

D.was

7.?NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.

A.is????

B.are???

C.has???

D.was

8.?Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.

A.attends???

B.attend???

C.areattending???

D.haveattended

9.?______waswrong.

A.Nottheteacherbutthestudents??

B.Boththestudentsandtheteacher

C.Neithertheteachernorthe

students???

D.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher

10.?“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”

?“Isupposeso.”

A.Willbe??

B.Is??

C.Are?

D.Were

11.?Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.

A.are??

B.has??

C.is??

D.were

12.?Mostofhissavings(存款)______intheXinHuaBank.

A.hasbeenkept???

B.isbeingkept???

C.havekept????

D.havebeenkept

13.?Allthatcanbedone______.

A.hasdone???

B.hasbeendone???

C.havedone???

D.havebeendone

14.?Oneorperhapsmorepages_______.

A.ismissing???

B.hasbeenmissed???

C.aremissing???

D.wasmissing

15.?Morethanoneworker______dismissed.

A.havebeen????

B.are???

C.hasbeen???

D.has

16.?Whiskeyandsoda______?hisfavoritedrink.

A.is???

B.are???

C.were???

D.havebeen

17.?Manyastudent___theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.

A.haverealized???

B.hasrealize???

C.havebeenrealized???

D.hasbeenrealized

18.?Thegasworks______nearthecity.

A.is???

B.are???

C.were???

D.be

19.Thesurroundings(环境)ofhishouse______cleannow.

A.is???

B.are???

C.was???

D.were

20.Thecommittee___overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.

A.hasargued???

B.hasbeenarguing???

C.haveargued???

D.havebeenarguing

21.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.

A.is???

B.was???

C.are??

D.hasbeen

22.?Cattle______onthehillside.

A.grazes???

B.isgrazing???

C.wasgrazing???

D.weregrazing

23.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.

A.is???

B.are???

C.was???

D.hasbeen

24.?Measles(麻疹)______akindofinfectiousillness.

A.is???

B.are??

C.were???

D.havebeen

25.?ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.

???A.lies???B.lie???https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a06982305.html,y???https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a06982305.html,ys

26.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.

A.is???

B.am???

C.are???

D.was

27.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.

A.isgoing???

B.aregoing???

C.hasbeengoing???

D.havebeengoing

28.Whatcausedtheaccident

_____ontheroad.

A.werestone???

B.werestones???

C.wasstone???

D.wasstones

29.?______istoattendourevening.

A.boththesingerandthedancer???

B.Eitherthesingerordancers

C.Thesingerordancers??????????

D.Thesingeranddancer

30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.

A.had????

B.hasbeenhaving???

C.arehaving???

D.werehaving

31.?Nooneexcepttwostudents

____themeeting.

A.hasbeenlatefor???

B.havebeenlatefor???

C.waslatefor???

D.werelaterfor

32.?Allbuthimandme____totheexhibition.

A.amgoing??

B.isgoing???

C.aregoing???

D.wasgoing

33.?Interest,aswellasprospects,

______importantwhenonelooksforajob.

A.are???

B.were??

C.is???

D.was

34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.

A.havearrived???

B.arearriving????

C.hadarrived???

D.hasarrived

35.??Anumberofcars_____infrontofthepark.

A.isparked???

B.wasparked???

C.areparked???

D.hasparked

36.Thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.

A.is???

B.are???

C.were???

D.havebeen

37.?Themajorityofthedamage_____easytorepair.

A.is???

B.are???

C.were???

D.be

38.Themajorityofdoctors____ smokingisharmfultohealth.

A.arebelieved???

B.hadbelieved???

C.hasbelieved???

D.believe

39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.

A.areruined???

B.wasruined???

C.wereruined???

D.havebeenruined

Homework

1.FinishGrammaronP98-99.

2.PreviewthepartofIntegratingskills.

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初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习

初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习 标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

英语语法——主谓一致(就近、就远原则) 就近原则: 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有 时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。 在正式文体中: 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)

(完整版)主谓一致详解超详细

1、形式一致 主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有:economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family. His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend. Politics is his favorite subject. Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce. Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn. 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:My luggage was sent by air. The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain. 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语,谓语动词通常用单数: Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意:若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit. When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided. 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct.What he gave me are five English books. 谓语动词用复数的情况 1)由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如: Fire and water do not agree. 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词共用一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数。

中考英语主谓一致全面总结

Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致) 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 1. 语法一致原则 如果主语是单数,谓语动词则用单数形式; 如果主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。 eg. Both parties ______their own advantages. Her job _____something to do with computers. 2. 意义一致原则 有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致。 His family ______(be) a big family. His family _______(be) listening to music when he came back. The population in China ______ (be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _____(be) farmers. 3. 就近原则 有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 e.g. Either my grandsons or their father__ (be) coming. Neither Richard nor I _____(be) going. (一)谓语动词常用复数的情况 The teachers are respected in the world. 1)主语为复数名词或代词 The police are looking for the missing child. The cattle are kept in his farm. 2)当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语,形式上为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. 3)山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。 The rich are not always happy. Generally speaking ,the young are eager for success. 4)the+adj. 表示一类人或物做主语时 如 blind,deaf, living,dead, the+ wounded, poor, rich old, young 等

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