吴耀武十大长难句

一、英语长难句之定语从句

一、定语从句

定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。

例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)

例 2.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.

例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.

例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.

例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.

例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)

二、英语长难句之同位语从句

例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.

例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.

例3. However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)

三、考研英语长难句之倒装句

倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。

倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。如Then began a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。如At no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口无时无人把守。

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

例1Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today’s semiconductor devices.

例2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.

注意：调整语序，加强语气。

以There be引出的倒装句a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district.

b. There exist many problems among the present day students.

c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance.

以副词here, there, then, now, next引出的倒装句

a. Here come the rest of the party.

b. Now comes your turn.

c. Then followed the discovery of a new compoun

d.

d. Next came Edward with his wif

e.

以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句

a. At the school gate stood a guard.

b. Under the tree are sitting some students.

c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten.

主语为代词时，不用倒装

Behind the counter he stood.

Behind the counter stood a man with glasses.

以表方位的副词引出的倒装句

a. Up went the arrow into the air.

b. Down fell a dozen apples.

c. Off went the horse.

not短语置于句首

a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact.

b. Not a moment did she waste on campus.

c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best frien

d.

d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructiv

e.

no短语置于句首

a. By no means should he be left alone.

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

b. In no way are can we allow this to continue.

c. In no case are you to leave your post.

d. On no account should we follow blindly.

e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.

f. No longer are they staying with us.

g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the students began go ask her questions.

only置于句首

a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively.

b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak.

c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

比较状语从句中的倒装

a. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.

b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.

c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better is the

conductivity of the material.

让步状语从句中的倒装

a. Small as atoms, electrons are still smaller.

b. Complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was invented in China over

800 years ago, is a relatively simple device.

c. Hard as I tried to explain it to him, he still didn’t understan

d.

d. Much as I disagree with you, I yet respect you.

e. Vague though its category (is), it is without doubt an essay.

f. Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.

四、考研英语长难句之被动语态

1.变为汉语的主动形式

e.g. In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century: the art of the primitive, of symbol, and of imagination.

e.g. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be tested either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.

e.g. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

e.g. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.

2.被动结构的表语化，可译为：“是…的”，“由…的”等。

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

e.g. The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.

e.g. This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Y unnan.

3.译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。

e.g. For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

e.g. It should be made clear to entire citizens that whoever enjoys rights must undertake corresponding obligations.

e.g. Those who support the “nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.

e.g. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

4.增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。e.g. With the new technique, measurement was claimed to be much more precise.

e.g. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

e.g. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

综合例题：Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.（2007年真题）

五、考研英语长难句之形式主语（宾语）结构

1. It is + adjective/ noun + clause

注意：先翻从句部分，再翻形容词/名词部分。

a. So it is quite sad when divorces come with small provocations, when

parents and children give up on one another, when friendships falter at the

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

first injury, for thus we forfeit a great work of art——the long love.

b. It is thus no exaggeration that Americans have taken to mechanical cooling

avidly and greedily.

c. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those

suffering https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html, seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions.

2. It is + adjective + infinitive to

注意：先翻不定式部分，再翻形容词部分。

a. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to

have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year of two and be lost forever to her profession.

b. It is essential for modern men to master one or two foreign languages.

c. It is difficult for us to over-praise the book.

3. It is + past participle + that-clause

注意：先翻过去分词部分，再翻从句部分。

a. It is reported that Sadam Hussein was betrayed by his janissary.

b. It is said that

c. It is believed that

d. It is rumored that

e. It is estimated that

f. It is known that

g. It is argued that

六、考研英语长难句之强调句型

例1.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

七、考研英语长难句之并列平行结构

英语常用并列连词，如：and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only:..but also, either …or或neither…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分，这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是动词的宾语、介词短语或名词的定语等。

例1In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. (1995年真题)

例2Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may

report their findings soon.(1998年真题)

例3It is not that (不是)the scales in the one case, and the balance in the

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner ofworking; but that (而是) the latter (后者) is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former (前者)。(1993年真题)

八、考研英语长难句之省略句型

例 1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

九、考研英语长难句之否定结构

A: 部分否定partial negation

常用词有代词或副词：all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, weathered, always, often等和not搭配时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”

Both of them are not my brothers. C.f. “Neither of them is my brother.”

All is not gold that glitters = not all is gold that glitters.

Every man cannot do it = not every man can do it

I don’t remember all these formulas.

This kind of tree is not found everywhere.

The rich are not always happy.

Every couple is not a pair.

B: 转移否定

a. 否定主语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语

Everybody cannot enjoy pop music. (not everyone)

b. 否定表语和宾语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语

The cloth does not feel very soft. = The cloth feels not very soft.

I don’t agr ee with all of you. (some of you)

I don’t like both of the books. (I like not both of them.)

c. 否定状语，但否定词not在形式上往往否定谓语

He has not come to the decision quickly. (not quickly)

I did not do it for myself. (I did it not for myself.)

The students did not sit there listening to the teacher.

d. 在not…and 结构中，否定的往往是and 后的部分，但否定词not

往往否定谓语。

The house is not big and comfortable.

The house is not big, but comfortable.

The house is not big or comfortable.

He doesn’t speak Russian and French.

D on’t drink and drive.

We can’t put on airs and make people like us.

正确理解和区分部分否定和全部否定很重要，稍一疏忽，就会铸成译文上的大错。

a. I don’t know anything about her.（一无所知）

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

I don’t know everything about her.（并不全知道）

b. None of the answers are right.（都不正确）

All the answers are not right. (并非都正确)

c. I don’t know any of them.（全不认识）

I don’t know all of them.（并非都认识）

C: 双重否定，意义肯定

双重否定指同一句子里出现两个否定词,即否定之否定,双重否定句表达的意思是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重些,译成汉语就译成肯定形式,也可以保持双重否定的形式。

No one can command others who can’t comm and himself.

There was never a great genius without a tincture of madness.

There are no roses without thorns.

Y ou can’t make something out of nothing.

W hat’s done can’t be undone.

Nothing is nothing at all.

Hardly a day passed without our learning anything new.

※可用于表示双重否定的词有

no…not, no (not)…without, no...but, cannot but + v, cannot help + v-ing, without doubt, without fail, cannot help + v, without exception, nothing less but, (正是) none but （除…外，…别无）no one but (除了…外，没有别人) none too（一点也不）have no alternative /choice but to do (除...，别无选择), There is no doubt that…, There is no denying that…, There is no question that..., not seldom, not infrequently, not unlike, not displeased

※We cannot but read books to enrich ourselves.

We cannot help admiring his courage.

I can’t help but feel sorry for her.

D: 几乎否定

几乎否定表示整个句子的意思接近于否定，常用的词有：

little, few, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom,

This problem has been little studied.

He little realized the danger he was in.

She is barely right.

I seldom got any sleep last night.

Scarcely anything remains to be said.

E: 形式否定，意义肯定

英语中有些形式上，否定而内容含义上都是肯定的结构，译成汉语时不能拘泥于原文的表层结构的否定，要忠实于原文的含义。

a. cannot …to o，越…..越…, 无论怎样…..也不过分

(I t’s impossible to overdo it. The more..., the more…)

在此结构中，cannot可改为can hardly, scarcely, never, too也可改为

over + v, enough, sufficient 等

You cannot be too cautious.

You can hardly praise him too much.

A man can never have too many friends.

Ne wton’s contribution to modern science can scarcely be overrated.

He can’t see you quickly enough.

(He desires to see you as soon as possible.)

※cannot wait to do (eager to do)

I cannot wait to read your new book.

I cannot wait to see her.

b. no（nobody）… but 都，没有….不，只有….才

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

There is no man but has his faults.

There is no rule but has exception.

Nobody reads the book but will be moved.

There exists no man but has an enemy.

这种结构中的but起关系代词的作用，相当于that, which, who does/ will/ have not.

※注意句子结构

No one believes that he will succeed.

No one believes but he will succeed.

There is no one who knows him.

There is no one but knows him.

There is no man that errs.

There is no man but errs.

You will not find the answer but (that) you study it thoroughly.

But 为否定含义

c. never (not)…. but (that) 每当…总是…, 没有哪次不是……

I never see you but think of my mother.

It never rains but it pours.

Never a day passed but brought us good news.

He will not be angry but that he is offended.

d. nothing but, none but 仅仅，只，只有…才

nothing but 后接非指人的名词，none but 后接指人的名词，与nothing other than同义意为“仅仅，只有…才”

We can see nothing but water.

We found none but an old man in the room.

None but me knew what happened.

None but a fool would do such a thing.

You can find that sort of bird nowhere but in Australia.

e. noting else than(仅仅，完全)

His failure was due to noting else than his own carelessness.

f. no (none)other than正是, 仅仅是,

This is no other than the book we want to buy.

She is none other than my adviser.

g. more often than not, as often as not常常, 往往

During foggy weather, planes are late more often than not.

As often as not, he gets up late.

※as likely as not=很有可能

She will forget all about it as likely as not.

h. 否定词+ 比较级（相当于最高级）

I cannot agree with you more.

C.f. I cannot agree with you any more.

He could not feel better.

The film cannot be better.

He wants nothing more than time.

Nothing is more precious than health.

i. 否定词+ without

There is no smoke without fire.

He believed，not without reason, that the project will be a success. j. no otherwise than 只是，仅仅

He is no otherwise afraid than of his father. (nobody but….)

He does no otherwise than fool around all day. (do nothing but)

在有些句子结构中，谓语动词肯/否，句意不变。

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

I wonder if he can（not）help you in your work.

I don’t know whether he has (no) friends here (or not).

F: 形式肯定，意义否定

a. more than…can =cannot 简直不、无法，难以

The beauty of the park is more than words can describe.

This is more than I can tell.

b. more than one can help 尽量不，绝对不

This is more than I can help.

c. more A than B, 是A不是B，与其说是B，不如说是A。

在此结构中，A和B 必须是同一比较的对象。

c.f. He is taller than his sister. (比较级)

He is more brave than wise.

He is more a scientist than a writer.

d. anything but, 绝对不，根本不是，一点也不

The draw bridge is anything but safe.

He is anything but a scholar.

e. may/ might as well 这不如（最好）

I t’s still raining hard outside; we may as well stay here over the night.

f. 动词或动词短语引起的否定意义

miss, deny, lack, refuse, escape, resist, reject, decline, doubt, wonder, give up, to say nothing of, not to mention, turn a deaf ear to, lose sight of, let alone, leave alone,

g. 形容词引起的否定

far from, free from/of, safe from, short of, ignorant of, wanting of, reluctant to, immune to, exempt from,

h. 介词，介词短语

past, above, beyond, without, instead of, in vain, in the dark, at a loss, but for, in spite of

i. 副词短语引起的否定

much less, still less, let alone, by no means, in no way, no longer, no more, on no account, under no circumstances, in vain, not …at all, not …in the least

※before 可以表示否定含义

The bird flew away before he shot.

He got up before the moon set down.

He would die before he betrayed his county.

Another week passed before he knew it.

She was handcuffed before she knew it.

十、考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之比较结构

more than not more than no more than no less than

as much as not so much as hardly more than hardly less than hardly any more than hardly any less than

例.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.

将夜https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a3957531.html,

何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义(完美打印版)

考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读 2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速 技能：高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生 思想：博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句：只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） 前置定语：adj+名词 后置定语： 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词：whose +完整句

[全]考研英语：历年真题经典长难句深度解析2021

考研英语：历年真题经典长难句深度解析 一、It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. 1.重点词汇及短语： describe…with…用……描述…… articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达，描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的 reaction n. 反应 grasp v. 理解，领会（尤指复杂的事情或观点） 2.句子成分分析：本句为主从复合句，主干是It is also the reason...。why引导定语从句，解释说明the reason。定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。关系副词why引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如：He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset. 从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分：先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分，应该用why。例如：Please tell me the reason why he was late.（先行词reason在从句中作原因状语）；先行词reason在从句中作

名词性成分，应该用that/which。例如：Please tell me the reason that/which made him late.（先行词reason在从句中作主语） 3.参考译文：这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能表达出自己对音乐的感受，而无法领悟音乐本身。 二、Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” 1.重点词汇及短语： impel v. 促使，迫使【用法】impel sb to do sth迫使某人做…… statistics board 统计板 concern n. 忧虑，担心；重要的事情concern about/over/with 对……关心application n. 申请书；应用；应用程序 2.句子成分分析：本句的主干是...McNutt said...。分词短语Asked whether...the change作句子的状语。引号中的内容是said的宾语，其主干是The creation of the "statistics board" was motivated...and is part of...。句中的broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research解释说明concerns的内容。句中的to increase...we publish解释说明drive的内容，

高考真题长难句解析100句

高考真题长难句解析100句 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。

考研英语长难句精读

1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Science s to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the Whi te House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critica l...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。t hat主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意为“关于，就……而论”。 3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. T ext 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中，insisting是现在分词作定语，相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中，还包含until引导的时间状语从句。 1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

英译汉——长难句子结构分析经典50句子 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。 2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport . 【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. 【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。 【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的 a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。 4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. 【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。 【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语)：一个是the role (of smaller economic firms， of national businessmen) ，另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。

考研英语长难句讲义

考研英语长难句突破课程讲义主讲：屠皓民 第一讲句子的基本成分 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。注：“_____”的部分是主干部分。例：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates. 谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分，也是整个句子的突破口。只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。 一、谓语 1、实义动词，即行为动词，watch, play 及物动词：后面直接宾语 不及物动词：后面加介词+宾语 We have friends all over the world. The examination ended at 11:30 am. They are looking for the lost wallet.. 不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用，比如close，begin, study, leave, work等 The post offices close at 9:00 o’clock PM. Close the window! 形式变化：时态变化，语态变化，用情态动词+实义动词的原型，情态动词+ have+过去分词形式 2、系动词(构成系表结构) Be动词 持续的系动词：keep，taste，…后面加形容词 He always kept silent at the meeting. The search proved difficult. 二、主语和宾语 (1)认识名词： ①名词是用来表示人，事物，地点，以及抽象事物名称的。比如： 人：John，sister，father 事物：water，air，sun，computer 地点：London，theater 抽象事物：love，happiness，imagination，hope ②名词的数：注意单复数 ③名词的格：‘s以及of 逻辑语义： Rachel：I’m Carol’s ex-husband's sister's roommate. Doctor：I’m your roommate's brother's ex-wife's obstetrician. (产科医生) ——老友记 of: 理清逻辑语义 表示所有关系： 翻译方法：“A of B”翻译成“B的A” The rapidity of the motion of the wing of the hummingbird is remarkable. The coming of age of post-war baby boom brought remarkable influence upon American society. 特殊： China is proud of its five thousand years of the history and culture. (2)语法功能：充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。

2021考研英语经典长难句分析.doc

2021考研英语经典长难句分析 考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由我为你精心准备了“2021考研英语经典长难句分析”，持续关注本站 将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2021考研英语经典长难句分析 A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.(2020年text3) 分析长难句，我们贯穿始终的分析方法便是四步法： 一、寻标志，断长句 1.我们常用的标志有标点、从属连词、并列连词以及长的名词性短语。以这一长难句为例，我们可以依照逗号来断句，将整个句子分为三个结构。结构一：A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad;结构二：to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, 结构三：provide a case in point. 二、抓住干，识修饰 说到句子的主干，无非就是句子的主谓宾，句子的核心是谓语，这一长难句中的谓语动词是provide，也许有同学会觉得sponsored也是一个动词，但是我们细心观察后面跟的是by这样的介词，这让我们想到了很熟悉的结构——N.+定语。所以这个句子虽然很长，但却是一个简单句，只有一套主谓宾。主语是A pair of bills，宾语是a case，sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad是定语，修饰限定bills，to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions,也是定语，修饰限定前面的bills。

高考真题长难句解析100句

1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。

2017考研英语长难句课程讲义

考研英语长难句课程讲义 课程简介： 1．内容：考研真题长难句 2．原因：长难句贯穿完形，阅读，翻译，对写作也有借鉴作用 3．目标：看得懂长难句（阅读）?会翻译长难句（翻译）?会写长难句（写作）4．课时安排：8月份5次课 I．理论＋区分主从句 II．翻译技巧与定语从句专题 III．名词性从句专题 IV. 长难句中的并列专题 V. 特殊的长难句（倒装句省略句等）和综合练习 学习方法： 1.长“难”句难在哪儿？生词＋复杂结构（主从／修饰关系） 2.如何看懂长难句？ 两步走：第一步（宏观）：分清主句从句 第二步（微观）：定位主句和从句内部的修饰成分（定／状语为主） 3.简单复习语法： 谓语与动词的区别：谓语是句子成分，动词是词性，谓语一定是动词。 定语与状语的区别：定语修饰主语和宾语（名／代），状语修饰动词，形容词和句子

什么是简单句？ 一切复杂句（并列句／复合句／复杂复合句）都是由五种简单句而来： i.主语＋谓语My skin burns. ii.主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语I am a teacher.／You l ook good. iii.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语I l ove you. iv.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语+直接宾语The firm gave Sam a watch. v.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋宾语补足语You make me happy. 什么是并列句？ 一般由并列连词and, but, so, yet连接，或者由“；”连接。各个并列句同等重要且独立存在。举例：I know you, and/but/so/yet I hate you. 什么是主从复合句？ 形容词性从句（定语从句）： 从句作定语，修饰名词，代词或整个句子。先行词和关系代词（引导词）。定语从句常见引导词有which, that, who, whose, whom, when, where, as, whereby 例子：A d octor examined the astronauts who returned from space today. 名词性从句： 主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。名称由来根据该从句所做成分而定，从句做主语就叫主语从句，依此类推。名词性从句常见引导词：which, what, who, whom, that, when, where, how I．表语从句：I am what I am. II. 主语从句：Whether we find a joke funny or not largely d epends on where we have been brought up. III. 宾语从句：Anthropol ogists wond ered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peopl es now living in the Pacific Islands came from. IV. 同位语从句：Peopl e who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句 50 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造 出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何

高考英语阅读长难句分析100句

高考英语阅读长难句分析100句 1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from dise ases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associa tions with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a p erson's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history f rom the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业 的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questio ned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have bro ught many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀 疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowde d with a larg e number o f passengers.

考研英语长难句突破讲义

2012考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当英语者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 第一部分方法论讲解 ?引子我们为什么要精读句子？ skimming 自由笔记区 scanning intensive reading ?阅读的实际过程是什么 泛读，寻找具体的信息， ?阅读在句子层面的障碍 ?简单句的障碍来源 : 简单句的障碍来源： 定语：修饰名词 前置定语（前置定于不造成阅读障碍） 前置定于就是个形容词：包括形容词本身，单个的分词，名词。 后置定语 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词 现在分词短语 n. + 过去分词短语 不定式短语 介词短语 表语形容词 定语的障碍要前置以消除障碍 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 定语从句的作用：修饰名词；连接句子（有两个共有名词的句子）；表明因果关系 今生：I have three books of which the red is my favorite. 前世：I have three books. The red of those is my favorite.

关系代词：人称代词：who,that,which,whom,as+非完整句 物主代词：whose+完整句 定语从句的连接词：关系连词：when ,where ,why ,how 介词+关系代词：(that、as不能放在介词后面表示定语从句，且in that 等于because) 充当状语时候+完整句； 定语+完整句；宾语/表语+非完整句 定语从句的处理方法： 第一种：拆分（关键点是关联词）；第二种，找指代（关系代词指代什么） Eg1.A poem line describes a f ight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river. Eg2. Man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. 同位语 普通同位语: A,B. A or B A of B 句子，—名词（修饰成分） Eg1.Robots will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. 同位语从句 That+完整句 插入语：任何成分都可以充当插入语，但常常是同位语 万能插入语：（阅读时面对插入语和同位语可删除，但是在写作中要尽量多的用插入语，同位语） Rather than: 肯前否后的结构 状语：修饰动词或者整个句子 副词 介词短语 现在分词 过去分词 独立主格 不定 对待状语采取剥离的方式 例1：Using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger,