2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案
第一部分选择题
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)
1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.()
A. more
B. little
C. less
D. gradual
2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.()
A. general dictionaries
B. monolingual dictionaries
C. both A and B
D. neither A and B
3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.()
A. morphologically motivated
B. etymologically motivated
C. semantically motivated
D. none of the above
4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.()
A. borrowing
B. semantic change
C. creation of new words
D. all the above
5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.()
A. generalized
B. expanded
C. elevated
D. degraded
6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.()
A. alternative morphs
B. single morphs
C. abstract units
D. discrete units
7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.()
A. Italic
B. Germanic
C. Celtic
D. Hellenic
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a111986360.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.()
A. semantics
B. grammar
C. phonetics
D. lexicology
9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.()
A. repetition
B. alliteration
C. rhyme
D. none of the above
10.Which of the following words is a functional word?()
A. Often
B. Never
C. Although
D. Desk
11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.()
A. semantic unity
B. structural stability
C. idiomatic variation
D. figure of speech
12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.()
A. use idioms correctly and appropriately
B. understand idioms correctly
C. remember idioms quickly
D. try a new method of classification
13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.()
A. long(not short)
B. ball(a dancing party)
C. rock(rock'n'roll)
D. ad(advertisement)
14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.()
A. the influx of borrowing
B. repetition
C. analogy
D. shortening
15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?()
A. Words and phrases.
B. Sentences
C. Text or passage
D. Time and place
第二部分非选择题
Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)
16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.
17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a111986360.html,ELD is a ________________ dictionary.
19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.
20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.
Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;
2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.(10%)
A B
21.Scandinavian() https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a111986360.html,l(place where things are made)
22.Germanic() B.grammatical
23.extension() C.double meaning
24.narrowing() D.Swedish
25.linguistic() https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a111986360.html,prehend/understand
26.ambiguity() F.Dutch
27.participants() G.degermined
28.difference in denotation() H.pigheaded
29.appreciative() I.non-linguistic
30.pejorative() J.iron(a device for smoothing clothes)
Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2)types of word formation or prefixes.(10%)
31.predict()
32.motel()
33.potatoes()
34.blueprint()
35.preliminaries()
36.Southward()
37.demilitarize()
38.hypersensityve()
39.retell()
40.multi-purposes()
Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)
41.acronymy
42.native words
43.elevation
44.stylistic meaning
45.monolingral dictionary
Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)
46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.
47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.
48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?
Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)
49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly
50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.
答案
2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案
Ⅰ.(30%)
1.A
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D
Ⅱ.(10%)
16.transfer
17.OLD English
18.monolingual
19.semantically
20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic
Ⅲ.(10%)
21.D
22.F
23.A
24.J
25.B
26.C
27.I
28.E
29.G
30.H
Ⅳ.(10%)
31.bound root
32.(head+tail)blinding
33.inflectional affix/morpheme
34.a+n
35.full conversion
36.suffix
37.reversativ
38.prefix of degree
39.prefix
40.number prefix
Ⅴ.(10%)
41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.
42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.
43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.
45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.
Ⅵ.(12%)
46.There are four types of motivation:
1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.
2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.
3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.
4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.
47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.
48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.(18%)
49.
1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection(re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly).
2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.
50.
1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分)
2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分)
3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分)
4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分)
5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分)
2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语(本科)专业
第一部分选择题
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement
and put the letter in the bracket(30%)
1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]
A. lewd → ignorant
B. silly → foolish
C. last → pleasure
D. knave → boy
2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]
A. humour
B. sarcasm
C. ridicule
D. all the above
3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]
A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation
B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation
C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation
D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]
A. synecdoche
B. metonymy
C. substitution
D. metaphor
5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]
A. adjectives
B. attributes
C. modifiers
D. words
6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]
A. vocabulary
B. grammar
C. semantic pattern
D. syntactic structure
7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.
This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]
A. addition
B. replacement
C. position-shifting
D. variation
8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]
A. onomatopoeically motivated
B. morphologically motivated
C. semantically motivated
D. etymologically motivated
9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]
A. clear grammar codes
B. language notes
C. usage notes
D. extra columns
10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]
A. Dorm
B. motel
C. Gent
D. Zoo
11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]
A. 30,000 to 40,000
B. 50,000 to 60,000
C. 70,000 to 80,000
D. 80,000 to 90,000
12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Affixes
D. Compounds
13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]
A. Dutch origin
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]
A. is used by the same speech community
B. represents something else in the world
C. is both simple and complex in nature
D.shows different ideas in different sounds
15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]
A. are complex words.
B. are technical words
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
第二部分非选择题
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book(10%)
16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.
17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.
18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.
19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.
20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of
meaning;3)language branches and 4)features of idioms(10%)
A B
21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish
22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl
23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated
24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state
25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond
26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated
27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)
28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)
29. extension ( ) I. part of speech
30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined;2)types of word
formations;3)types of meaning and 4)types of meaning of idioms.(10%)
31. heart and soul ( )
32. father—male parent ( )
33. mother—female parent ( )
34. city-bred ( )
35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )
36. headache ( )
37. antecedent ( )
38. preview ( )
39. receive ( )
40. called ( )
V. Define the following terms(10%)
41. specialized dictionary
42. collocative meaning
43. transfer
44. morpheme
45. old English
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)
46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.
47. What is dismembering?
48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)
49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.
Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.
50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain
why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)
The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.
英语词汇学试题参考答案
第一部分选择题
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement
and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C
第二部分非选择题
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. stylistic
17.monolingual
18.semantic opposition
19. degradation 或 pejoration
20.productivity and collocability
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of
meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)
21. I
22. C
23. F
24. B
25. E
26. D
27. J
28. G
29. H
30. A
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation;3)types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)
31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature
32. conceptual meaning
33. conceptual meaning
34. n+v-ed
35. backformation
36. n+v
37. bound root
38. prefix
39. bound root
40. inflectional affix/morpheme
V. Define the following terms.(10%)
41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分
;语言0.5分)
42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容
1.5分;语言0.5分)
43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of
semantic transfer.
44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.
45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)
46. 要点: Radiation Concatenation
i) primary meaning i) first sense
ii)次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii)由此意义连续转换;特点为链接
iii)名词语义互不依赖 iii)最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象
47. 要点:
(1)break up an idiom into pieces(2分)
(2)an unusual case of using idioms(1分)
(3)in literature or popular press for special effect(1分)
注:语言扣分不得超过1分(语法扣1分,拼写扣0.5分)
48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the
word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the
conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:
pretty handsome
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. 答案要点
1)Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2分)
2)Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and
figurative sense of the word.(3分)
3)In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to
fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)
50.要点:
(1)it is ambiguous(2分)
(2)ambiguity caused by the structure(2分)
(3)stop drinking can be understood as
1)police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )
2)police stop people drinking (1分)
(4)improvement(3分)
1)The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.
2)The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.
2002年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷
第一部分选择题
Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ____.
A. perfect homonyms
B. homonyms
C. homophones
D. all the above [ ]
2. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example:
A. ad for "advertisement"
B. dish for "food"
C. fond for" affectionate"
D. an editorial for "an editorial article" [ ]
3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over______.
A. the reader's interpretation
B. the neighbouring words
C. the writer's mten6on
D. the etymology of the word [ ]
4 .Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?
A. extra-
B. pro-
C. re-
D. semi- [ ]
5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?
A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
B. Chamber's Encyclopedi
C English Dictionary
D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. [ ]
7. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form __
A. physical context
B. grammatical context
C. lexical context
D. linguistic context [ ]
8. "Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre." The clue provided in the context is___.
A. definition
B. explanation
C. example
D. hyponymy [ ]
9. The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that___.
A. it can refer to the common core of a language
B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language
C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period
D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field [ ]
10. The idiom "a dark horse" is a___.
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. personification [ ]
11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ___ and the latter is not.
A. structurally changeable
B. semantically analysable
C. structurally fixed
D. easily understood [ ]
12. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to___.
A. morphological strucmre
B. relevant details
C. grammatical structure
D. physical context [ ]
13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence "I like Mary better than Janet"?
A. V ocabulary.
B. Situation.
C. Structure.
D. None of the above. [ ]
14. Early Modem English refers to the language spoken___.
A. from 1066 to 1500
B. from 1150 to 1500
C. from 1500 to 1700
D. from 1600 to 1800 [ ]
15. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as
A. bound roots
B. free morphemes
C. inflectional morphemes
D. derivational affixes [ ]
Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. _______ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.
17. The word ____________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry, ".
18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or_______.
19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates________
20. Almost ,all affixes are ________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.
III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)mofivafion .(10 %) A B
21. reiteration ( ) A. high and low
22. repetition ( ) B. pick and choose
23. juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face
24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.
25. personification ( ) E. hiss
26. porms ( ) F. bear; bear
27. come ( ) G. twitter
28. heart ( ) H. cat
29. birds ( ) I. port
30. snakes ( ) J. heart and soul
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify
1) types of context clues; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms. (10%)
31. making a restatement of a new word or concept in fanfiliar words ( )
32. sitcom ( )
33. the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )
34. from cradle to grave ( )
35. might and main ( )
36. fax ( )
37. disobey, impolite, ( )
38. hussy: "housewife"→ "a woman of low morals" ( )
39. disease: "discomfort" → "illness" ( )
40. fond: "foolish" → "affectionate" ( )
V. Define the following terms. (10%)
41. dictionary
42. pejoration
43. idioms nominal in nature
44. Germanic
45. allomorph
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)
46. What are the stylistic features of idioms?
47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.
48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?
Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.
a. The man said he would come to our school next week.
b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.
50. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. unbearable, international, ex-prisoner.
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)
1.D
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.C
8.C
9.A 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C
Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)
16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. bound
Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)
21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D 26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.E
Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)
31.explanation
32.head+head blending
33.hyponymy/hyponym
34.figure of speech; metonymy
35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration
36.back clipping
37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes
38.degradation
39.narrowing
40.elevation
Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)
41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.
42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.
43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.
(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms.
44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.
45.one of the variants that realize a morpheme
Ⅵ.Answer the following questions.(12%)
46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.
(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.
(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.
47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.
B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.
Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)
49.要点:
Superordinate Subordinate
1) man scholar
2) come visit
3) school university
4) week Monday
50.
1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).
2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.
3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.
全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码:00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.
A. two
B. for
C. three
D. five
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.
B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.
C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.
D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.
3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.
A. Old English
B. Middle English
C. Anglo-Saxon
D. Celtic
4. The idiom “Jack of all trades” results from ______.
A. addition
B. position-shifting
C. dismembering
D. shortening
5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.
A. Free roots
B. Free morphemes
C. Bound morphemes
D. Meaningful units
6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.
A. the growth of science and technology
B. economic and political changes
C. the influence of other cultures and languages
D. all the above
7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.
A. word-formation
B. borrowing
C. semantic change
D. both B and C
8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?
A. Stability
B. Collocability.
C. Productivity.
D. National character.
9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.
A. historical reason and class reason
B. historical reason and psychological reason
C. class reason and psychological reason
D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors
10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.
A. they come from the same source
B. they are correlated with one central meaning
C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary
D. all the above
11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.
A. semantic transfer
B. semantic pejoration
C. semantic elevation
D. semantic narrowing
12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.
A. semantic unity
B. structural stability
C. rhetorical function
D. none of the above
13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______
A. -ion.
B. -ism.
C. -ity.
D. -ist.
14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.
A. lexical meaning
B. associative meaning
C. collocative meaning
D. grammatical meaning
15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.
A. social
B. verbal
C. lexical
D. physical
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.
17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.
18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.
19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.
20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings;
2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)
A B
( )21. apes A. colloquial
( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings
( )23. Irish C. Italic
( )24. tiny D. very formal and official
( )25. French E. yelp
( )26. cattle F. poetic
( )27. domicile G. Celtic
( )28. abode H. gibber
( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings
( )30. Middle English J. low
Ⅳ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)
31. mismanage ( )
32. elephants-trumpet ( )
33. pretty ( )
34. forehead ( )
35. bossy ( )
36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( )
37. anti-establishment ( )
38. subsea ( )
39. a sea of troubles ( )
40. harder ( )
Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)
41. idiom
42. functional words
43. degradation
44. bilingual dictionary
45. conversion
Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)
46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?
47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.
48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.
Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.
‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.
50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.
apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery
全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码:00832
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are()
A. primary and secondary
B. central and peripheral
C. diachronic and synchronic
D. formal and functional
2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?()
A. Colloquial
B. Slang
C. Negative
D. Literary
3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:()
A. absolute and relative
B. absolute and complete
C. relative and near
D. complete and identical
4. In the early period of Middle English, English,()existed side by side.
A. Celtic and Danish
B. Danish and French
C. Latin and Celtic
D. French and Latin
5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ()morpheme.
A. formal
B. concrete
C. free
D. bound
6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?()
A. croak, drum
B. squeak, bleat
C. buzz, neigh
D. bang, trumpet
7. LDCE is distinctive for its()
A. clear grammar codes
B. usage notes
C. language notes
D. all of the above
8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to()
A. German
B. French
C. Scottish
D. Irish
9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?()
A. TOEFL
B.ODYSSEY
C. BASIC
D. CCTV
10. In the course book, the author lists()types of context clues for inferring word meaning.
A. eight
B. six
C. seven
D. five
11. Sources of homonyms include()
A. changes in sound and spelling
B. borrowing
C. shortening
D. all of the above
12. The written form of English is a(an)()representation of the spoken form.
A. selective
B. adequate
C. imperfect
D. natural
13. Structurally a()is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
A. morpheme
B. stem
C. word
D. compound
14. Unlike affixes,()are often free morphemes.
A. suffixes
B. prefixes
C. inflectional morphemes
D. roots
15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,()
A. Scandinavian and Italian
B. Greek and Scandinavian
C. Celtic and Greek
D. Italian and Spanish
Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.
17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.
18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.
19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.
20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.
Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)
A B
( ) 21. skill A. back-formation
( ) 22. babysit B. blending
( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin
( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin
( ) 25. government E. clipping
( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms
( ) 27. gent G. Germanic
( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms
( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms
( ) 30. big/ small J. contrary terms
Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)
31. neck→primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;
a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( )
32. contradict ( )
33. mother: love, care ( )
34. upcoming ( )
35. window shopping ( )
36. radios ( )
37. property developer ( )
38. candidate→earlier meaning: white-robed;
later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( )
39. handsome( )
40. northward ( )
Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)
41. encyclopedia
42. borrowed words
43. blending
44. extension
45. phrasal verb
Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)
46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.
47. What is extra-linguistic context?
48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.
Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.
Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it. 50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.
答案继续拖动鼠标,在下方
全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码:00832
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.()
A. butcher → one who kills goats
B. journal → periodical
C. companion → one who shares bread
D. allergic → too sensitive to medicine
2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.()
A. extension, increase and expansion
B. denotation, connotation and application
C. comprehension, understanding and knowing
D. polysemy, homograph and homophone
3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.()
A. inflectional affixes
B. derivational affixes
C. bound roots
D. free morphemes
4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.()
A. synonymy
B. antonymy
C. homonymy
D. hyponymy
5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in “rain cats and dogs”.()
A. illogical
B. logical
C. mutual
D. natural
6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.()
A. verb phrases
B. phrasal verbs
C. verb idioms
D. all the above
7. The idiom “new brooms sweep clean” was created probably by _________.()
A. seamen
B. housewives
C. farmers
D. hunters
8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.()
A. –ful
B. –wise
C. –less
D. –ike
9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.()
A. Celtic
B. Dansih
C. French
D. Scottish
10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.()
A. bound roots
B. inflectional affixes
C. derivational affixes
D. all the above
11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.()
A. its referent
B. its referring expressions
C. its meaning
D. its concept
12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.()
A. notion
B. use frequency
C. foundation
D. origin
13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________()
A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.
B. A word is a unit of meaning.
C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.
D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.
14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.()
A. a thesaurus
B. a synonym finder
C. an encyclopedia
D. an encyclopedic dictionary
15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?()
A. It is always better than an American dictionary.
B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.
C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.
D. It tends to include more grammatical information.
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.
17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.
18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.
19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.
20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)
A B
( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy
( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing
( )23. earn one’s bread C. euphemism
( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche
( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss
( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification
( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated
( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.() A.meaning B.Sound C.combination of sounds D.Group 2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.() A.more slowly than B.As quickly as C.more rapidly than D.Not so quickly as 3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.()A.use frequency B.notion C.origin D.sound 4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.() A.green revolution B.fast food C.moon walk D.space shuttle 5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. ()A.form B.meaning C.look D.pronunciation 6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.() A.four B.fell C.for D.autumn 7.The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. ()A./t/ B./g/ C./p/ D./k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.(head+tail)blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly). 2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分) 2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分) 3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分) 4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分) 5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分)
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics (文体论)and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word(词的定义): A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式,拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning(声音与意义): almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号,代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人,事,地方,特性,过程,行动,当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的,并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form(读音和形式):不统一的四个原因(1)the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母,罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音,因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。
11 C h a p t e r 1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word (he definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.) 1.2 sound and meaning :symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form : 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分: basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分: content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分: native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 p ol ysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 semantic-loans 借义词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点
2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题 I、Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1、Semantics is the study of different linguistic level: lexis syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.( D ) A、relations B、origins C、forms D、meanings 2、The relationship between sound and meaning is because people of the same speech.( B ) A、arbitrary B、conventional C、symbolic D、fixed 3、Which of the following belongs to the common core of the English language?( A ) A、Polysemy B、Terminology C、Jargon D、Slang 4、At the end of the 6th century Latin-speaking Roman missionaries spread Christianity and brought many terms such as abbot, candle, alter.( D ) A、geographical B、medical C、artistic D、religious 5、In the mid-seventeenth century, enabled English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.( B ) A、the Renaissance B、the growth of colonization C、advances in science and technology D、a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek classics 6、New words like Mao jacket, kungfu, blank belt come into present-day English vocabulary due to .( C ) A、social, economic and political and political changes B、an upsurge of learning ancient Roman classics
2020年10月自考00832英语词汇学部分真题答案 三、名词解释 1. terminology 【答案】Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. 【解析】术语指特定学科和学术领域所使用的专有名词。 2. compounds 【答案】Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds. 【解析】复合法指由两个或更多的词干相结合而构成新词。以此种方式形成的词被称为复合词。 3. homonyms 【答案】Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 【解析】同形同音异义词指在读音和拼写上或者只是在读音或拼写上相同而词义不同的词。 4. phrasal verbs 【答案】Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep and/or a particle. 【解析】短语动词是由一个动词外加一个介词和/或小品词构成的习语。 5. context (in narrow sense) 【答案】In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context, which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book. 【解析】狭义上讲,语境是指一个词所在的词群、从句和句群环境,这称为语言
词汇学名词解释 1. Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the composition of words. 3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk. 4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes --- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand". 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion. 7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes. There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks. 8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war. 10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y. Derivational morphemes/ derivational affixes --- A process of forming new words by the addition of a word element. Such as prefix, suffix, combing form to an already existing word. Prefixation ---- is the formation of new words by adding prefix or combing form to the base. (It modify the lexical meaning of the base) Suffixation--- is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or combing form to the base and usually changing the word-class of the base. Such as boy. Boyish (noun- adjective) 11. Root --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. 12. Opaque Words--Words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannot be analysed into parts are called opaque words, such as axe, glove. 13. Transparent Words--Words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words: workable(work+able), door-man(door+man).
2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语词汇学》试题 课程代码:00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of a word? A. A word is a sound unity. B. A word is a unit of meaning. C. A word is the smallest form of a language. D. A word is a form that can function alone in a sentence. 2. Vocabulary can refer to the total number of the words in a language, and it can stand for all the words used , e.g. Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary and Modern English vocabulary. A. in a given book B. in a given dialect C. by an individual person D. in a particular historical period 3. Words like man, fire, sun have been in use for centuries. This shows the basic word stock has the characteristics of A. productivity B. polysemy C. collocability D. stability 4. The Indo-European language is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and A. Asia B. Africa C. India D. the Far East 5. In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many terms such as altar, amen and candle. A. scientific B. religious C. educational D. aesthetic 6. Martial arts from the Far East find their way into English vocabulary such as aikido, kungfu and black belt. These are just a few new words, but they will suffice to show A. the invasion of foreign countries B. social, economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. the, rapid development of modern science and technology 7. Monomorphemic words are realized by single morphs such as A. boss B. cats C. feet D. trying 8. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are A. allomorphs B. affixes C. roots D. stems 9. Which of the following words is NOT a stem? A. international B. nation C. national D. internationalists 10. Which of the following words has a negative prefix? A. amoral B. devalue C. misconduct D. antiwar 11. The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is called
Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary 第二章 英语词汇的发展史 1. The Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系的谱系关系 识记:印欧语系的各个分支和各个分支的主要语言 Armenian (亚美尼亚语) –existing till now Albanian (阿尔巴尼亚语) –existing till now Prussian 普鲁士语 Lithuanian 立陶宛语 Polish 波兰语 Balto-Slavic(波罗的海语系) Czech 捷克语 Bulgarian 保加利亚语 Eastern set: Slovenian 西洛文尼亚语 Russian 俄罗斯语 Persian 波斯语 Bengali 孟加拉语 印度伊朗语系 Romany 吉普赛语
Scottish 苏格兰语 Celtic 凯尔特语 Irish 爱尔兰语 Welsh 威尔士语 Breton 法国布里多尼语 Portuguese 葡萄牙语 Spanish 西班牙语 Italic 意大利语系 French 法语 Italian 意大利语 Rumanian 罗马尼亚语 Western Set : Hellenic 希腊语 Greek 希腊语 Norwegian 挪威语 Icelandic 冰岛语 Danish 丹麦语 Germanic 日耳曼语 Swedish 瑞典语 German 德语 Dutch 荷兰语 Flemish 弗兰德语 English 英语
2. A historical overview of English vocabulary英语发展的历史回顾 考点:英语词汇发展的三个阶段:古英语词汇,中古英语词汇,现代英语词汇及其特点 Inhabitants of the Island: Celts(Celtic) – Roman Legions(Latin,55) – German Tribes(Anglo-Saxon,410)-Norwegian and Danish Vikings (Scandinavian,900) – Norman(French, 1066) ①Old English 古英语(450-1150)(Anglo-Saxon) Character: 1. Latin speaking Roman missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity at the end of the 6th century. The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on English vocabulary. (New Words: abbot男修道院长, candle, altar圣坛, amen, apostle使徒) 2. Didn’t borrow as heavily as later, they changed meaning of native words, the common practice was to create new words by combining two native words. (e.g. handbook) 3. Many Scandinavian words came into the English language. Many of the words are alike or interchangeably. 4. Old English has a vocabulary of 50000-60000 words, which was highly inflected. Nouns, Pronouns, Adj., verbs, Adv, had complex endings or vowel changes, differ greatly from what we use today. 内部高度曲折,有复杂的词尾原音变化。 ②Middle English (1150-1500)中古英语 Character: 1.English were defeated, reduced to the status of an inferior people like, French became the polite speech. English, Latin and French existing simultaneously for over a century. 2.Between 1250-1500, 9000 words of French origin poured into English.75% of them are still in use today. 2500 Dutch words found their way to English as
2019年自考《英语词汇学》试题 Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary 1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings. B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form. C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin. D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing. 2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____. A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field 3. A word is a symbol that________. A. is used by the same speech community B. represents something else in the world C. is both simple and complex in nature D. shows different ideas in different sounds 4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they A. are complex words. B. are technical word C. refer to the commonest things in life.
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试 《英语词汇学》试卷和答案 课程代码:00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Which of the following words is related to the natural phenomena? A. Father B. Fire C. Evil D. Old 2. The differences between sound and form are due to the following EXCEPT . A. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English B. stabilization of spelling by printing C. influence of the work of scribes D. innovations made by linguists 3. There are functional words in the following sentence: It is fun to play with children. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 4. The surviving language fall into eight principal groups. Blato-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the-------- set. A. Eastern B. Southern C. Western D. Northern 5. With the growth of------, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words from all major language of the world. A. civilization B. revolution C. colonization D. industrialization 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. English is more closely related to German than French B. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.