英语阅读理解模拟试题含解析

英语阅读理解模拟试题含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan 23 -26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?

Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group

“I think globalization cannot be stopped --- no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve the war not cause the war,”said Ma in Davos, “Google, Face book, Amazon and Alibaba we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”

Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD

“Business is not only a way to make money bu t also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos.”How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That's the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.

Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip

“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctri p, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a112565603.html, in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will b e very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.

Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun

“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud', and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.

（1）What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?

A. More huge jumps in profits.

B. The joined efforts of mankind.

C. Reducing production costs.

D. The role of science in business.

（2）What is the main business of Ctrip?

A. Tourism.

B. The creation of AI.

C. Computer.

D. Financial service online.（3）What does Hu think will promote global economic development?

A. Economy recovery.

B. The World Economic Forum.

C. Cloud computing.

D. Financial efficiency.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。

（1）推理判断题。根据Jack Ma中I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和Richard Liu中I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力，故答案选B。

（2）细节推理题。根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业，故答案选A。

（3）细节推理题。根据最后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use 'cloud'. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。故答案选C

【点评】新闻报道类阅读理解的解题技巧

1）仔细阅读导语，掌握新闻主旨：导语(即文章的第一句话或第一自然段)往往是对整篇文章的高度概括，正文部分则对导语展开叙述，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。2）运用查读的方法明确新闻的细节：根据题干的关键词，采用查读的方法搜寻所考查的细节描述，然后与选项进行比较，最后确定答案。3）把握文章基本框架，抓住长句和难句的主干：在阅读新闻报道类文章时，首先要了解其基本框架结构，始终把重点放在文章最主要的内容上，不要被细枝末节、和主旨不相关的难句所迷惑。其次，检测的关键句常常是长句或者含有习语、难词的句子。

2．阅读理解

A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2. 1billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates a gas that contributes to climate change.

Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients(烹饪原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste. They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.

However, study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would

still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it's single-use and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it's glass bottles, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.

（1）What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?

A.They can cut down on daily expenses.

B.They will totally solve the problem of food waste.

C.They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.

D.They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.

（2）What does the underlined word "fine-tune" in paragraph 3 mean?

A.Attach.

B.Adjust.

C.Raise.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a112565603.html,pare.

（3）The author suggests carrying meals with a delivery truck to__________.

A.reduce transport emissions

B.save more food

C.shop only in the supermarket

D.shorten car trip distances

（4）What's the author's attitude to meal kits?

A.Supportive.

B.Unfavorable.

C.Objective.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds，”家庭送餐包可以减少三分之二的食物浪费。可以得知可利用的包装对环保有益。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。第三段主要讲述量身定制餐会降低浪费。根据“They fine-tune the amount of food to what the y will actually eat. ”人们可以根据将要吃多少来调整食物数量。可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper，they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry

meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.”可知餐盒可以减少对交通排放，运送卡车可以一次给小区很多人送餐饭，减少交通排放。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However，study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero，they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth.”可知研究表明外卖饭盒比超市买食物会耗费更多的能源；以及“But if the packaging can be reused，if it's glass bottles，like in the old days，we can get some benefits.”但是如果这些包装能够被再利用，对我们还是会有一些益处的。作者对饭盒的使用是客观的态度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal in the Arctic darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.

Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley in California which was owned by Judge Miller. He was neither a house dog nor a kennel (狗窝) dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.

His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilogram—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scottish sheepdog. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.

This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought Men from everywhere to the frozen north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not know that Manuel one of the gardeners helper, was not a good man. Manuel gambled (赌博) and wasted the little money he had. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk. No one saw them arrive at the railway station where Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

After two days ho was cried off the train in Seattle into a small, high-walled yard. There a fat man in a red sweater broke open the cage with a small axe (斧头)，while holding a club (棍棒) in the other hand. When there was a big enough opening, Buck jumped out like a red-eyed devil, straight at the fat man. But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before. It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.

Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club. He had learned the lesson,

and for the rest of his life he never forgot it. It was his introduction into the world of primitive law. In the end a small man called Perrault paid three hundred dollars for him, and he was led away with Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland dog.

（1）What kind of dogs did the gold-seekers want?

A.Heavy house dogs with yellow hair.

B.Strong long-haired dogs.

C.Diligent dogs with yellow hair

D.Muscular kennel dogs.

（2）Buck was proud of himself for the following reasons, EXCEPT that ______.

A.he was king over all living things of Judge Miller's lands

B.he became the Judge's inseparable companion after his father's death

C.he had a good life with many outdoor activities to get strong and healthy

D.he was wanted by gold-seekers thanks to his strong muscles and long hair

（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Judge Miller owned a big house and a large piece of land in the Klondike.

B.Manuel bought and sold Buck because he needed money to support his life.

C.The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to teach him how to fight back.

D.Buck's introduction into the word of primitive law was obeying the fat man.

（4）What can be the suitable title for the excerpt?

A.Fall into Trouble

B.Fight against a Man

C.Escape from Trouble

D.Believe in a Man

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名为巴克的狗的遭遇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong musc les for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.”可知，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃。这些寻金人需要的是，高大强壮，有强壮的肌肉，能吃苦耐劳且皮毛可以帮助他们抵御寒冷的狗。所以淘金者需要的是强壮的长毛狗。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Mil ler's lands, humans included.”可知，巴克是国王——统治着Judge Miller领地上所有爬行、飞行的东西，包括人类。所以A选项是巴克自豪的原因；第三段中的“His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.”他的父亲艾尔莫一直是Judge Miller形影不离的伙伴。他死后，巴克接替了他

父亲的位置。打猎和其他户外活动锻炼了他的肌肉，游泳使他身体健康。所以B,C两项是巴克自豪的原因。故D项不是巴克自豪的原因。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before, It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.”可知，就在它的牙齿要碰到他的皮肤时，那人用棒子给了它一下，这还是有人头一次用棒子打他，他不知所措。它被打倒在地。它被木棒打了10几次；以及倒数第四段中的“Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club.”可知，巴克看到，它再也站不起来对抗他的木棒。所以巴克被打，无力反抗只能屈服于这个胖人。由此判断出，巴克的丛林法则就是屈服于这个胖人。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California.”可知，巴克不知道前面会遇到麻烦，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃以及下文对于巴克的具体遭遇可知，短文最佳的标题为“陷入麻烦”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Truman headed home from school, with the homework in mind, a report on beehives (蜂巢). Truman's class had studied bees for three days, so he was ready. But, as his teacher Mrs. Lawrence had explained, to earn an A +，he needed a “new angle”.

Truman pushed open the front door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, sitting on the living room rag, hard at work. Paper towel tubes were all over the floor.

Bryan quickly stood up. “Truman, help me build a city!”

“I'd like to,” Truman replied, “but I have to do a report on beehives and ...”

“Can I help you?” Bryan begged.

“I don't think so, Bry. Sorry.''

“I know where there's a beehive.” Bryan smiled.

“Where?”

“In the wood pile by the garage.''

The boys marched to the firewood. Bending down, Bryan pointed out the hive deep inside the pile. Truman carefully removed the hive out.

“You got it!” Bryan shouted.

Back in the living room, Truman paced around, turning the fragile hive under his nose. Each cell was a perfect hexagon(六边形). How did the bees fit the cells together so neatly? And how did they make each cell six-sided? Could they count? Lost in thought, his foot came down on something ...

“Truman! You're mining my city!”

“Get your stupid tubes out of here，Bryan! I'm trying to…”

The towel tubes on the floor suddenly reminded him of something. The beehive!

Looking closer, he noticed the tubes were arranged with one in the middle, surrounded by six others, just like the cells of the hive.

Just to be sure, he tried five and then seven tubes surrounding the center tubes, but neither way fit. Six was the only number that worked.

“Bees don't count to six,” he said aloud. “The cells have to be six-sided.

Truman ran to Bryan and threw his arms around his brother. Bryan, you did it! Now I can build a model beehive with your tubes! I mean —if it's O. K. with you.”

（1）Where did Truman find the beehive?

A. In Bryan's city.

B. Inside the garage.

C. In the living room.

D. Inside the wood pile.（2）What do we know about the beehive?

A. It was hidden by Bryan.

B. It was easy to break.

C. It was ruined by Truman.

D. It was a perfect hexagon.

（3）How did Truman probably finish his homework in the end?

A. With his teacher's aid.

B. By building a city.

C. With Bryan's help.

D. By killing the bees.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，杜鲁门回家时正在为如何取得蜂巢作业而烦恼，正在地上用纸管建城市的弟弟布莱恩，无意中给哥哥杜鲁门提供了蜂巢的线索，杜鲁门找到蜂巢后，通过观察得到了做蜂巢作业的灵感。

(1)考查细节理解。根据弟弟Bryan的话“In the wood pile by the garage.'' 以及下文的“Bending down, Bryan pointed out the hive deep inside the pile. Truman carefully removed the hive out.”可知，蜂巢是在木头堆里找到的。故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第八段中的“Back in the living room, Truman paced around, turning the fragile hive under his nose.”可知，这个蜂巢易碎。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Truman ran to Bryan and threw his arms around his brother. Bryan, you did it! Now I can build a model beehive with your tubes! I mean — if it's O. K. with you.”可知，杜鲁门在弟弟布莱恩的帮助下完成蜂巢作业。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇记叙文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause.

But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate. According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,

changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao - the plant from which chocolate is produced - may mean that it will soon become extinct.

Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.

It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.

The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.

“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,” Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.

To help fight this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News.

In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.

“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together,” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.

The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.

（1）What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?

A. The increased heat there.

B. The higher humidity there.

C. The decrease in rainfall there.

D. The moisture loss in the soil there.

（2）What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean?

A. hold back

B. make up for

C. protect

D. accept

（3）What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive?

A. It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.

B. It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.

C. It will give financial support to help fight climate change.

D. It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.

（4）What may be the best title of this text?

A. Chocolate could become history

B. Work together to fight climate change

C. How do we grow cacao in the future?

D. How do cacao plants affect climate change?【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“‘In other words, as highe r temperatures squeeze more

water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,’ Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.”可知未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.可知In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss”的意思是换句话说，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增长不足以抵消水量的流失，所以“offset”的意思是弥补，抵消，故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.”可知美国的火星巧克力公司给予财政支援，用来帮助对抗气候的变化，故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Teens don't understand the big fuss (小题大做). As the first generation to grow up in a wired world they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they eagerly catch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends, so what?

But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated, less skillful at person-to-per son relationships, and perhaps numb to the cheatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world. "And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless," said Shetty Turkle.

Another researcher, Robert Kraut, said he's worried about the "opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers, even just a few hours a week, showed increased signs of loneliness and social isolation. "Chatting online may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends," he said.

Today's teens, however, don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives. "School is busy and full of pressure. There's almost no time to just hang out," said Parker Rice, 17 "Talking online is just to catch time."

Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the lime to think about a reply. Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form, though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm.

（1）The researchers argue that .

A. teens develop a different sense of values

B. nothing is wrong with teens' chatting online

C. teens can manage their social connections

D. spending hours online does much goo d to teens

（2）Teens think that talking online can help them .

A. use computers properly

B. improve their school work

C. develop an interest in social skills

D. reduce their mental pressures

（3）The text mainly deals with .

A. teens' pleasant online experience

B. teens' computer skills and school work

C. the effects of the computer world on teens

D. different opinions on teens' chatting online （4）Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Teens are more skillful at person-to-person relationships.

B. Teens showed decreasing signs of loneliness and social isolation.

C. Chatting online is worse than hanging out with real friends.

D. Asking someone for a date, or breaking can be more difficult in message form.

（5）The purpose of the text is to .

A. de scribe computer re se arch re suits

B. draw attention to teens' computer habits

C. suggest ways to deal with problem teens

D. discuss problems teens have at school

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网络对青少年造成的不良影响,希望引起社会关注。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless”可知，全国各地的研究人员认为青少年可能会形成不同的价值观。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“School is busy and full of pressures. There's almost no time to just hang out.” said Parker Rice,17.“Talking online is just catch time.” 可知，青少年认为上网聊天可以帮助他们减少精神压力。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。第一段提出主题，青少年花费很长时间在网上聊天；第二到四段讲述几种对青少年上网聊天的不同观点；最后一段讲述青少年的个人对上网聊天的看法，综上所述可知，文章主要讲述了有关青少年上网聊天的几种不同观点。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Chatting online may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends”可知，网上聊天可能比看电视好但是比起与真正的朋友闲逛更糟糕。故选C。

（5）考查写作目的。纵观全文可知，作者通过客观描述人们青少年上网的几种不同的观点，作者客观地表达了青少年上网的坏处，也就不难推断文章的写作目的是为了引起人们对青少年上网习惯的注意。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，写作目的和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行推理，概括，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly.

The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It's a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumbing (管道装置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside.

The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process.

The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”.

（1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us?

A. The reason for buying fewer drinks.

B. The difficult situation of wildlife.

C. The amount of plastic waste.

D. The seriousness of plastic pollution.

（2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village?

A. The house will be much cooler than normal ones.

B. The material of construction will be reduced a lot.

C. The newly-made house can save a lot of electricity.

D. The waste of the house can be consumed by fish and birds.

（3）Which of the following words can best describe Robert?

A. Creative.

B. Courageous.

C. Enthusiastic.

D. Sensitive.（4）The main purpose of Robert's projects is to

A. provide shelter for locals

B. reuse all deserted plastic bottles

C. popularize the use of plastic bottles

D. raise people's environmental awareness

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】考查环保类文章。一个人一生中会留下许多塑料瓶子，这些瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失，给地球留下太多的污染。于是Robert想出了用这此塑料瓶子建成房子，这种材料房子的室内温度相对凉爽，这对于环境来说更加环保。

（1）考查推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，一个人一生中会留下许多塑料瓶子，这些瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失。大部分的废物被鱼和鸟所消耗，大大缩短了它们的寿命。由此可推测出这些塑料瓶子对地球的污染有多严重。故答案选D。

（2）考查细节理解中的一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合。根据第二段最后一句“the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside.”可知，这种材料可以使房子的温度比室外低17°，这对居住在室内的人来说是最大的好处。故答案A。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据全文可知这地球上的塑料瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失，给地球留下太多的污染。于是Robert的项目就是用这些塑料瓶建成房子，这种材料房子的室内温度相对凉爽，不仅让利用废物，还环保了地球。可说是一个有创意性的项目，即Robert是一个有创造性的人。故答案选A。

（4）考查推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect th e environment. ”可知项目希望人们意识到这些瓶子造成的浪费，以便他们能做更多来保护环境，以此提高人们保护环境的意识。故答案选D。

【点评】细节判断题——定位法。通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。

8．阅读理解

I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.

War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.

The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through phone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She

was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”

Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.

（1）What made Kate angry one evening?

A. She couldn't find her books.

B. She heard the author shouting loud.

C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.

D. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.

（2）The author tidied up the room most probably because _______.

A. she hated herself for being so messy

B. she was asked by Kate to do so

C. she was scared by Kate's anger

D. she wanted to show her care

（3）How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes.

B. By describing a process.

C. By showing differences.

D. By following time order.

（4）What might be the best title for the story?

A. My Friend Kate

B. Hard Work Pays Off

C. How to Be Organized

D. Learning to Be Roommates

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免。在室友遭遇悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达自己的同情，从而达成和好。作者从中懂得一个道理：让步、整理房间和坚持是处理室友关系的关键。

(1)细节理解题。根据第二段I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.可知，室友生气是因为作者乱丢乱放的鞋子，故选D。

(2)推理判断题。根据第四段All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.可知，作者整理房间是出于对室友悲伤的同情而表达自己的关切，故选D。

(3)推理判断题。根据第一段Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签)everything. I always looked for everything. Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. So we both got tired of each other.等内容可知，作者列举了与室友在日常习惯上的种种差异，故选C。

(4)主旨大意题。文章最后一段we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.可知，作者表达了自己叙述这个故事的意图：就是懂得了与室友相处的关键，故选D。

【点评】英语阅读理解继续文解题技巧：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来;文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下

顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

9．阅读理解

Anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.

The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a student's life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological Services at the University of Central Florida (UCF)—one of the country's largest and fastest-growing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.

Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N.

C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills. “They can't tolerate discomfort or having to struggle,” Dr Jones said.

More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental issue-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施). That means that students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.

Like many college counseling centers, UCF has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next fall the center will test a new app for treating anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a student's phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90-minute weekly therapy groups, such as “Keeping Calm and in Control”, “Mindfulness for Depression” and “Building Social Confidence” -for students struggling with social anxiety.

（1）Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?

A. Protection from teachers.

B. An app in students' phones.

C. Increasingly learning pressure.

D. Management of time learning.

（2）What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Prevention.

B. Motivation.

C. Acquisition.

D. Direction.（3）What's the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?

A. To help students suffering anxiety.

B. To test what social anxiety is.

C. To introduce the cognitive behavioral program of UCF.

D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.

（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Tips on dealing with anxiety

B. Causes of anxiety and depression

C. Different mental diseases threaten college students

D. College mental health centers overburdened with anxious students

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】焦虑症已经超越抑郁症成为大学生中最常见的心理健康问题，文章分析焦虑可能产生的原因，以及某些大学为此采取的措施。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段内容The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media （专家称焦虑症的原因多种多样，从早年积累下来的学业压力、家长的过度保护到对社交媒体的强迫性依赖）可知，C项（增加的学习压力）会导致焦虑，故选C。

（2）词义猜测题。根据上句内容Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves.（很多学生都习惯于父母无微不至的监督，几乎没有自制能力。）故这里递进的句子And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills.（由于家长总在身边，学生们普遍缺乏学习独立生活技能的________。），B项“动力”最符合语境，故划线单词意思为“动力”，选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据本段表述的内容：像许多大学的心理咨询中心一样，U.C.F.也设置了多种日常研讨会和治疗小组，以直接或间接的方式解决焦虑、抑郁问题及其触发源。明年秋天，该中心将对一种新的拥有七个模块的认知行为疗法应用程序进行测试，学生可以通过手机获取该应用，并可与治疗师进行简短的视频谈话。故这些治疗小组的目的时为了帮助那些患焦虑症的学生。故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了焦虑症已经成为美国大学生中最常见心理问题，大学的心理咨询中心已经超负荷，故选D作为标题最合适。

10．阅读理解

As one of the world's most popular cultural mediums, cinema is at the leading position at the Taihu World Cultural Forum(论坛), an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges. So far this year, Chinese box office has already topped 58 billion yuan, the China Film Administration said. This indicates that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.

Cao Yin, director of the program center at China Movie Channel, said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.) ,Cao added it has deepened cinematic exchanges between Chinese filmmakers and their foreign counterparts (同行).

With the country's huge native market, which produced more than 1,000 films in 2019, Hong Kong director Stanley Tong said he believes foreign filmmakers will increasingly seek cooperation with China. "International coproduction will become an important platform to send Chinese stories oversea and give us a broader vision of creation," Tong said.

Recently, over 80 percent of the world's top 100 highest box-office titles have been action films. Tong said the films, in which plots are basically secondary to shining stunts (特技), is one of the easiest ways to appeal to foreign audiences. But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas. When asked what kinds of Chinese films would have the most global appeal. Yan Zhaozhu, chairman of the Taihu World Cultural Forum, said stories that address universal issues, such as environmental protection and climate change, are perhaps the best options.

（1）What is the purpose of the Taihu World Cultural Forum?

A.To strengthen cultural exchanges.

B.To build more cinemas in China.

C.To invite more tourists to Taihu.

D.To attract more international investment.

（2）What can we infer about Cao Yin's opinion in Paragraph 2?

A.Chinese box office has already overtaken the United States so far

B.The screens of Chinese cinemas will be world-leading in the future

C.China has signed the most coproduction agreements with other countries

D.There will be more and more cooperations between Chinese filmmakers and other countries.（3）How do Chinese filmmakers feel about selling their movies to the world right now?

A.Easy.

B.Disappointed.

C.Challenged.

D.Confused.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Box Office: Unclear Future

B.China: Top Second Movie Market

C.Cinema: The Leading Cultural Position

D.Chinese Filmmakers: Severe Competition Situation

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了电影作为世界上最受欢迎的文化媒介之一在太湖世界文化论坛上处于领先地位。该论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。中国电影总局说，今年到目前为止，中国电影票房已经突破580亿元人民币。这表明，中国作为世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“...Taihu World Cultural Forum, an annual event that aims to improve cultur al exchanges.”可知，太湖世界文化论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。即举行太湖世界文化论坛的目的是加强文化交流。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Cao Yin…said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.)”可知，曹寅说，中国有67,000个电影院。中国是拥有电影院最多的国家。到明年年底，这个数字有望增加到80,000。曹说，中国已经与22个国家（包括美国，加拿大，日本，印度等）签署了联合制作电影的协议。因此从曹寅所说的话中我们看得出中国电影制片人与其他国家之间将会有越来越多的合作。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas.”可知，中国电影制片人向海外出售电影故事已经经历了数十年的艰辛努力。即中国电影制片人在将中国电影推向世界的过程中付出了艰辛的努力，取得今天的成就并不容易，challenged意为“有挑战性的，不容易的”，符合文意。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This indica tes that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.”可知，中国是世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。因此文章的最佳标题是“中国：第二大电影市场”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

中考英语阅读理解专项讲解

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