最新必修4-unit3-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补

动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语

▼作定语

动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，有的可置于名词前，有的需要置于名词后。它们的形式相同，都可作定语，但两者之间是有差别的。

一、动名词作定语：表示被修饰词的某种用途（此时动词的-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面）意为“作……用”，相当于一个for引导的介词短语。

● a walking stick (= a stick for walking= a stick which is used for walking) 拐杖

●a washing machine (= a machine for washing= a machine which is used for washing)洗衣机

●a reading room (= a room for reading= a room which is used for reading) 阅览室

●a measuring tape (= a tape for measuring= a tape which is used for measuring) 卷尺、皮尺

●sleeping pills (= pills for sleeping= pills which are used for sleeping)安眠药

▼常用必背

●a bathing cap浴帽● a changing room更衣室●a waiting room等候室、候诊室

● a watering room喷壶●a guessing game猜字游戏●an ironing board烫衣板

●a collecting tin募捐盒●a hiding place 藏身处●a racing bicycle 赛车

●an operating table手术台●building materials 建筑材料●a diving board跳板

二、现在分词作定语：表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。

→China is a fast developing country.中国是一个快速发展的国家。

→He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.

为了不吵醒那个在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。

▼常用必背

●falling leaves 落叶●boiling water开水●the setting sun落日

●the rising sun冉冉升起的太阳●the coming week下周●the suffering people受苦的人们

三、现在分词短语作定语

现在分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，其用法相当于一个定语从句

→The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.

坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是报校的编辑。

→Those wishing to join this club should sign here.(= Those who wish to join the club should sign here.)

想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。

→The professor giving a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University.

正在做有关污染报告的那位教授来自哈佛大学。

【随即随练】翻译下面的短语

1.a writing table 写字台

2. reading materials阅读材料

3. working hours工作时间

4. smoking room 吸烟室

5. a dancing hall舞厅

6. a swimming pool游泳池

7. the barking dog 狂吠的狗8. a developing country发展中国家

9. running water自来水10. the following questions 下面的问题

▼作表语

一、动名词作表语：表述主语的内容，主语和表语可互换位置。

→Your task is cleaning the windows.(= Cleaning the windows is your task.)

你的任务就是擦窗户。

→What I hate most is being laughed at.(= Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

二、现在分词作表语：说明主语的性质、特征，此时主语和表语不可以交换。

→What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。

→The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。

【即时即练】

1.这个故事很感人。(touch) The story is very touching.

2.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。（play）Our job is playing all kinds of music.

3.这节课的任务就是练习这些句子。（practise）The task of this class is practising these sentences.

4.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋。（play）The music they playing is so exciting.

▼作宾语补足语

一、动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, find，leave, keep, get, have等动词后面作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的动作。

→When I was young, I preferred to watch trains pulling in and out.

我小的时候喜欢看火车进站和出站的情景。

→The man left us standing alone, unable to find any help.

那个人让我们孤单的站在那儿，无法找到任何帮助。

→Don’t have your children working hard at their homework all the time.

不要让你的孩子一直不停地做作业。

→Parents should learn to keep their children most often using their mind.

父母应当学着让自己的孩子经常开动脑筋。

【牛刀小试】

1. I looked up and noticed a snake C its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A.to wind

B.wind

C.winding

D.wound

2. Listen! Do you hear someone A for help?

A.calling

B.call

C.to call

D.called

▼动词的-ing形式和不定式作定语时的区别：不定式作定语通常指将来的动作；动词的-ing形式作定语指正在进行的动作。

→I have to work extra hours this evening, for I have three letters to write.

我有三封信要写，今晚得加班。

→Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the first row?

你认识坐在第一排中间的那个人吗？

▼动名词与动词不定式作表语都是用来解释主语的内容，区别在于：

动名词作表语：表示动作的经常性与习惯性。

不定式作表语：表示动作的一次性与未来性。

→My hobby is reading English aloud in the morning.

→My wish is to go to college after graduation.

▼动词-ing和不定式作宾语补足语的区别：

在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可以用动词的-ing形式，也可以用不定式(注意：省略了to 的动词不定式，因此表现形式是see sb. do)，两者之间存在着一定的区别，即现在分词表示动作正在进行，如是短暂性动词则表示动作的重复；不定式表示动作的整个过程，如是短暂性动词则表示一次动作。如→①We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment.

我们经过教室，看见老师在做实验。（指在走过教室的刹那间看见老师正在做实验）

②We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.

过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一

过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点： 一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点 过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。 He used to belong to the exploited class. 过去他属于被剥削阶级。 The polluted river gives off a terrible smell. 这条被污染的河发出臭味。 典型考例： 1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 析：D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known 作定语。 2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 析：D。第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。例如： Do you know the man seated on that stone? 你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人吗？ Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ? 你不认识穿红裙子的那个女孩吗？ 典型考例：

过去分词作定语表语练习题(含答案)

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动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语

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过去分词作定语表语练习题

过去分词作定语，表语专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分在句中做什么成分（过去分词做定语，表语还是表示被动？） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted 5._____ their new album on time, the two famous singers worked far into the night every day. A. Release B. Released C. To release D. Having released 6. The meeting________ next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems related to teena

过去分词作定语和表语

M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容，自学《南方新课堂》，完成预习案 ［知识梳理］过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述：动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式，是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。

【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4．The electric wire is __________(break)． 5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)． 10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2．从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish，___________________________________________，has been returned to the sea. 3．于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4．预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5．在四月份，成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6．怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7．我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。

过去分词作定语与表语

概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子： 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语） 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：

动词ing做主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补

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