(完整版)2018年英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.

(10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each

participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would

8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other

stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and

photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same

as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of

the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good

instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but

sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can

drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final

experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they

would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely

to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that

imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity

ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible

negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.

1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore

2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek

3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise

4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose

5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept

6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver

7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless

8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change

9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree

11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food

12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with

13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence

14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive

15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace

16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal

17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend

18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome

19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how

20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitations

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,

but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working

with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools

in the family of vocational education “have that

stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it

once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to

high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education

is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully

so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –

and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need.

Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54

percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as

construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent

of workers are adequately trained.

In other words, at a time when the working class has turned

the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity

that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is

staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but

the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High

School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .

[A] practical ability

[B] academic training

[C] pioneering spirit

[D] mechanical memorization

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is

for kids who .

[A] have a stereotyped mind

[B] have no career motivation

[C] are not academically successful

[D] are financially disadvantaged

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school

graduates .

[A] used to have big financial concerns

[B] used to have more job opportunities

[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing

[D] are entitled to more educational privileges

24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .

[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education

25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .

[A] supportive

[B] tolerant

[C] disappointed

[D] cautious

Text 2

While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future

belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move

to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They

now account for more than half of new power sources going on

line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments

and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of

renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels

has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by

close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a

principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While

the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe,

the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for

the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US

Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa,

he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But

that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind

turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power

their data centers.

The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of

batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around

the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who

are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.

Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this

massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .

[A] stabilizing

[B] changing

[C] falling

[D] rising

27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .

[A] is progressing notably

[B] is as extensive as in Europe

[C] faces many challenges

[D] has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .

[A] wind is a widely used energy source

[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy

[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？

[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.

[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.

[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.

[B] will accelerate global environmental change.

[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.

[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for

＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? It

may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants.

Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .

[A] digital products

[B] user information

[C] physical assets

[D] quality service

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .

[A] worsen political disputes

[B] mess up customer records

[C] pose a risk to Facebook users

[D] mislead the European commission

33. According to the author, competition law .

[A] should sever the new market powers

[B] may worsen the economic imbalance

[C] should not provide just one legal solution

[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly

protect Facebook users because .

[A] they are not defined as customers

[B] they are not financially reliable

[C] the services are generally digital

[D] the services are paid for by advertisers

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .

[A] a win-win business model between digital giants

[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants

[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers

[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal

Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a

Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of

deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;

developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach

to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the

day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length

of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the

next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I

would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to

rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft

our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of

Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early

1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were

advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others

were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day

by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured

daily plans would be most effective when it came to the

execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable

distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while

leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best

results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also

need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is

as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard

Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between

downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains

operate. When our brains switch between being focused and

unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete

these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits

in their brain,” says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .

[A] keep to your focus time

[B] list your immediate tasks

[C] make specific daily plans

[D] seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows

that .

[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.

[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying

[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

38. According to Newport, idleness is .

[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.

[B] a major contributor to physical health

[C] an effective way to save time and energy

[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .

[A] can result in psychological well-being

[B] can bring about greater efficiency

[C] is aimed at better balance in work

[D] is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about .

[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

[C] the key to eliminating distractions

[D] the cause of the lack of focus time

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A.Just say it

B.Be present

C.Pay a unique compliment

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a17463992.html,, places, things

E.Find the “me too”s

F.Skip the small talk

G.Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a

conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every

conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the

link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the

cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.

Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move

and start a conversation with strangers.

41、______________________________________________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You

wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t

come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling

and here is my advice: just get it out.

Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’

t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out

everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”

or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the

enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say

“Hi”。

42、______________________________________________

It is a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the

person that you want to talk with and you want to make this

talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the result of “hi”, “hello”, ”how are you?” and “what is going on ?”,you will fail to give

the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so

memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust

me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to

share if you just ask.

43、______________________________________________

When you meet a person for the first time,

make an effort to find the things which you and

that person have in common so that you can build the conv

ersation from that point. When you

start conversation from there and then move outwards,

you'll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot

easier.

英语二(00015)2018年04月试题与答案

2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is still in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1.Factory farms now produce most of the products A.True B. False C. Not given 2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A.True B. False C. Not given

(完整版)2018年英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would

(英语二)历年真题2018年4月

2018年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题 英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 一、阅读判断1’*10=10’ Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farms life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1. Factory farms now produce most of the products. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. Small family farms find it hard to survive. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Most farmers cannot afford new machines. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Modern farmers do not have to work hard.

2018年10月自考英语二真题及答案

2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳 选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选 项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

2018MBA英语真题-英语二试题

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