散文翻译中词语选择
散文翻译中词语选择
[ 7 ] 如果遇到康农和抚华两人在, 还可借给我三元五元。
When Kang Nong or Fu Hua was there, Iwould have no p roblem in borrowing a coup le of silver dollars from them.
(译者摆脱了原文“三元五元”的字面意思, 它或者指“几元”或者指“两三元”,
不宜直译为three or five dollars, 译者采取意译法处理, 简明扼要。)
[ 8 ] 这是我这个乡下姑娘发出的愚问。
Thatwas a silly question raised by my humble self, a country girl.
(在翻译这句话时, 译者用my humble self而没有用myself, 是因为前者带有很强的
感情色彩, 可以理解成“敝人”, 表达了作者略带俏皮的语气, 把谢冰莹散文真切、粗朴的特点表露无遗, 准确地移植了原文的风格。)
一切文学作品, 包括小说、诗歌、散文等等, 写出来是文字, 读出来就是声音。作
品的美感要通过语言的声响和节奏来表达出来。声响和节奏在应用文里不是很讲究, 但对于文学作品却非常的重要, 是表达文章美感和情趣的重要途径之一。
[ 9 ] 最难过的是黄昏, 最有诗意的也是黄昏。
Dusk is deadly dull, but also most poetic.
[ 10 ] 踏在那细软的沙子上, 有一种说不出来的舒适。
It givesme an indescribable p leasant sensation to step on the spongy fine sand.
(例9中的“最难过的是黄昏”的意思是“黄昏是最单调乏味的”, 因此张培基先
生把它翻译成Dusk is deadly dull. 准确地表达了作者的思想感情, 在这里译者之所以用deadly, 而不用very, 是为了在句中用d押头韵。在例10中sensation, step, spongy, sand
用s押头韵, 读起来音律优美, 悦耳顺口。)
[ 11 ] 老师有封建思想。
Our teacher is a slave to old conventions.
(此句若直译为Our teacher is feudalistic - minded, 恐怕外国读者不知所云, 难于理
解。实际上“封建思想”是指“十分守旧的习俗, 观点以及清规戒律”等等。译者采用了be a slave to old conventions这样的表达方式, 可见译者的处理可谓精妙。)
[ 12 ] 一个人, 哪怕他的脾气有如虎狼那么凶暴, 我相信如果长住在海滨, 一定会
变得和羔羊一般驯服。
A person with a terrifying hot temper will become, I believe, as meek as a lamb after a
long stay by the seashore.
(这个句子中的“脾气有如虎狼那么凶暴”, 不宜直译为with a temperament as fierce
as that of a tiger or wolf, 这样会给读者一种错觉, 认为这个人一定很凶狠残暴, 从而也就曲解了作者的意思。所以, 译者便采用了意译with a terrifying hot temper, 产生了非常好的效果。)
[ 13 ] 我的眼睛里却正在燃烧着不平的火焰。I burned with fury at the gross injustice. (译文中的“gross”属添加的成分, 可以理解为“极端的, 严重的”, 原文虽无其
词却有其意, 加上“gross”, 既没有超越原文的意思, 又把作者当时的愤怒展现地淋漓尽致。)
[ 14 ] 我忘记了什么是羞耻。I ignored all propriety.
(这句话如果翻译成I lost all sense of shame, 未免有些言之过重, 损害了原文意思。
根据上下文的语境, 这句话的实际意思是指“我顾不得自己的行为是否得体。”译文准确贴切地反映了原文的内涵。)
三、句子层面的巧妙处理
A. 句子的衔接和连贯
由于东西方民族的思维方式和角度不同, 其语言表述上的差异当然也是不可避免
的。例如: 汉语中主语有时可以甚至必须省略, 多个没有主语的句子可以并列在一起。
但是英语的句子结构多以主语+谓语的形式出现。在照应方面, 英语可用定冠词, 而汉
语没有定冠词; 英语人称代词以及响应的限定词的使用率也大大高于汉语。在句内词语
的关系方面, 汉语经常省略连接词语, 依靠句内各个部分之间的内在逻辑关系达到连接
的目的, 英译时则要适时地增加关联词语, 把原文的这种内在联系揭示出来, 以避免句
子结构松散或脱节。
[ 15 ] 起初是一天吃四个烧饼, 或者两个小面包; 后来由四个减成两个, 再由两个
减成一个, 最后简直穷得连买水的一个铜板也没有了。口渴时, 就张开嘴来, 站在自来
水管的龙头下, 一扭开来, 就让水灌进嘴里, 喝得肚子胀得饱饱的, 又冷又痛, 那滋味
真有说不出的难受。
At first, I ate nothing but four baked cakes or two small buns per day, then I cut them down by half, and then by another half, until I didn ’t even own a copper for buying boiled water. When Iwas thirsty, Iwould stand under a tap and let its running water pour down my throat through my wide2open mouth. I felt bloated. There was a pain and chill in my stomach. I cannot tell you enough how miserable Iwas.
(原文中的衔接词是“起初”, “后来”, “再”, “最后”等等, 译者并没有一味地
追求与原文的完全对应, 而是做出了适当的调整, 分别用“at first”, “then”, “and then”和“until”来表达, 句子之间的衔接关系更紧凑, 简明利落。)
[ 16 ] 在大自然的音乐声中, 两个紧靠着走的人影踏上了他们的归程。
Now, against the music ofMother Nature, two figures set out on their homeward journey, nestling against each other.
[ 17 ] 天色渐渐地暗了下来, 大地又被灰色吞噬着, 我们没有顾到天黑, 只是大踏
步地向前走着。
In the deepening dusk, the whole earth was shrouded in gray. Nevertheless, we kep twalking ahead with rap id strides.
(由于英汉两种语言的衔接手段在具体篇章中的运用存在着千差万别, 所以假如把
汉语中自然衔接的语句都直接地翻译成英语, 很可能是一个败笔, 不能正确表达原文的
意思, 更谈不上成功地展现原文的魅力。张培基先生在译文的衔接和意义的连贯上处理
得恰到好处, 上面两段译文中分别增加了now和nevertheless表示衔接的词语, 逻辑清晰, 流畅自然。)
B. 句子的分译和合译
[ 18 ] 天, 是灰色的, 由烟囱中冒出来的烟也由黑色变成了灰色; 远远地望去, 灰
色的湘江, 灰色的麓山, 灰色的长沙城, 呵, 整个宇宙都灰色化了, 只有闪烁在灰色中
间的电灯在点缀着黄昏时的光明, 在暗示着未来社会的灿烂。
The skywas gray. The dark smoke from chimneyswas also turning gray. The Xiang River, the LuMountains and the city of Changsha all looked gray from afar. Oh, the whole universe was turning gray. Only electric lamp s glittering against the universal gray were p roviding some light to the gathering dusk, suggestive of the brightness of the future world. (汉语散文的特点是形散而神不散, 但英语散文的行文紧凑严谨。原文一段文字只有一个句号, 要保证译文的地道与可读性, 译者把诸多的汉语分句进行归纳综合, 化为符合英语表达习惯的结构, 句子逻辑性很强。)
散文翻译 Sweet September
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a supporting male role with striking character 净(性格鲜明的男性配角) a clown or a negative role 丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色) painted role 花脸 monodrama; one-man show 独角戏 musical 歌舞喜剧 shtick 滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头 skit 滑稽短剧 amateur performer of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera fan 京剧票友 Peking Opera Mask 京剧人物脸谱 ventriloquism 口技 puppet show 木偶戏 voice over 旁白 shadow play; leather-silhouette show 皮影戏
story-telling 说书 make a human pyramid 叠罗汉 colors, primary 红、黄、蓝三原色 colors, secondary 合成色，间色 composition 构图 engraving 雕刻艺术，镌版术;亦指雕版印刷品，版画etching 蚀刻版画，蚀刻术，铜版画 foreshortening effect [绘画]通过透视原理表现立体空间 fresco [绘画]在灰泥的墙壁上作的水彩画，壁画 highlight [绘画]高光 high relief 高浮雕 impasto [绘画]厚涂颜料的绘画法，厚涂的颜料 inlaying 镶嵌 landscape 风景画，山水画
翻译常用词汇
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析
原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁， 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐， 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.
a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.
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