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黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 知识点 B3M2学案(学生版) 外研版

黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 知识点 B3M2学案(学生版) 外研版
黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 知识点 B3M2学案(学生版) 外研版

黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语知识点 B3M2学案(学生版)外

研版

Introduction

income, pay, wage, salary

1)从含义上看:income 指“收入”,可指挣来的收入,包括指投资挣来的收入;salary 与wage 两者都指“工资”、“薪水”,在含义上这是两个互补的词,前者多指脑力劳动者的工资,通常按月或年发放,而后者多指体力劳动者的工资,通常按周、日或小时付给,多用复数形式;pay 则主要指因工作或劳动所获得的报酬,可包括salary 和wage,但更多的地是指军队的薪饷或津贴;

A. wage

B. income

C. pay

D. salary

2 My monthly _____is over 3000 yuan.

A salary

B wage

C income

D pay

Reading

1. 1. ……, 147 world leaders agree to work together to……(P2 L4)

agree to do同意做某事 (to do 为不定式作宾语,to为不定式的符号)

agree to+n 同意某人的建议/计划/安排等。(此处的to为介词)

例:1). Is he going to agree to our suggestion?

2). He has agreed to help us out of the difficulty. Please be relaxed.

agree with sb./one’s words________________________________

1). Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?

2). We all agree with your words/what you said.

agree with 除了上面用法外,还可以用来表示“与……一致”,“(气候、事物)适合某人”等。

1). What you did didn’t agree with what you said.

2). This kind of food doesn’t agree with me.

注: agree不用于被动语态。

“I couldn’t agree more.”(=I complet ely agree.) 用于口语中, 表示“完全同意”。如:---I think it’s a bad idea.---I couldn’t agree more.

agree on:1). We couldn’t agree on a date / when to meet.

关于日期/什么时候见面,我们未能取得一致意见。

2). Do we all agree on the best course of action? 我们是否一致同意这一最佳措施?练习:1. We _____ _____ making an early start.

2. The climate he re doesn’t _____ ___him.

3. I don’t ____ ____ you to make friends with such a man.

4. The manager has______ ______ improve the working condition in the company.

5. –When did you last hear ______ Jay?

--He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _____ a time and place to meet.

A. of; to

B. about; with

C. from; with

D. from; on

一言辩之:

Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to my idea, so we agreed on a date for it. And my wife ageed with what we did.

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___

2. The index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy( how long people usually live), education and income. (P 2L4)

1 measure: v. 评估,衡量,测量 n. 措施,方法,计量单位

He measured the length of the desk. 他量了桌子的长度。

This room measures 6 meters by 4. 这个房间有6米长、4米宽。

The government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime.

政府正引进更强硬的手段来反击犯罪。

They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。

拓展:make …… to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做……

adopt / take measures to do sth 采取措施干某事

beyond measure 过度,极其,非常

in large/ some measure 在很大/ 某种程度上

measure up (to ) 合格,达到标准,胜任

set measure to sth.限制……

measure the length/width/height of...测量……的长/宽/高

measure up to 符合(期望);达到(标准)

①measure表示“措施”的含义时,应用其复数形式measures。

②measure表示“测定;测量;评估”时,是及物动词,后直接加名词作宾语;或用于be measured in/by...结构中,表示“用……来计算”。

③measure表示“量;有……长(宽、高等)”时,是不及物动词,后跟量的结果,不用被动语态及进行时态。

练习: 1. The job failed to ___________ to her expectations. 这项工作没有满足她

的期望。

2. The government has ____________ to help college graduates to find jobs.

政府已经采取措施帮助大学生就业。

3. The cloth easily if on a table.

A. measures; spreading

B. measures; spread

C. will be measured; spread

D. has been measured; spread

4. What measures have been _____ to control the crowd at Saturday’s football match?

A. imagined

B. made

C. given

D. taken

2 expectancy [U] 预期,期望,期望的事物

I saw the look of expectancy in the children’s eyes. 我从孩子们眼中看到了期待的眼神。

There was an air of expectancy among the waiting crowd. 等待的人群中有一种期盼的心情。

expect v. 预期; 预计expectant adj. 预期的;期待的 expectantly adv.

练习:翻译句子

You can’t expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.

_______________________________________________

We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.

_______________________________________________

Many people were expecting that the peace talks would break down.

_______________________________________________________

She looked at him expectantly.

____________________________________

3. position n. 位置,方位; 处境,状况 ;地位,身份,职位(P2L11)

v. 安置;安装; 使处于

The machi ne can figure out the position of the sun in the sky.

The financial position of our company is becoming worse and worse.

The position of women in the society today is much higher.

Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.

She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.

拓展: in a ……position 处于……的地位/处境 in/ out of position 在/ 不在适当的位置

take up one’s position 就位; 占据位置 get a position获得某职位

in a good position情况好 hold a position 担任职务

shift one’s position改变立场

练习:

财富和地位对她并不重要。

____________________________________________

2) 现在这家公司已准备好在国外市场竞争。

______________________________________________

3) Until the 1960s, the Chinese American began to enter such as doctor, lawyer etc.

A. careers

B. jobs

C. professions

D. positions

4) From their________ on the top of the TV Tower, vis itors can have a better view

of the city.(2009. 陕西高考)

A state

B position

C condition

D situation

★ state/situation/condition/position

(1)state多指身体、心理状况;也可以表示物质存在的状态。

(2)situation既可以表示政治上的形势、局面,也可以表示人或公司等的状况。

(3)condition表示条件;当表示周围的环境时常用复数conditions;也可以指主语的“状态,状况”,常用于in good/bad condition等短语中。

(4)position指影响自己行为能力的形势、处境;也可以表示职位、位置、地点等。

4.make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11. (P 3 L 5) up to直到;到……为止

up to是介词短语,用于表示地点、数量、程度、时间等词前。

直到……(数目)

up to 直到(高至)……(程度)

直到……=up till(时间)

The tent can hold up to ten men. 这个帐篷可以睡10个人。

My German isn’t up to translating that letter. 我的德语达不到能翻译那封信的程度。

What in the world are you up to? Stop it at once. 你到底在搞什么鬼?还不快住手。be up to打算做/正做(某种不好的事) be up to sth.打算做/正做(不好的事);胜任……It’s up to sb. to do...应由某人做…… It’s up to you. 由你来决定。

练习:

1. – Have you finished the book?

- No. I’ve read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave.( 2010. 全国二卷)

A which

B what

C that

D where

2. What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. _________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.

A It just depends

B All right

C Glad to hear that

D It’s up to you.

3. I can take four people in my car. (我的汽车最多能带四个人).

4. I have never heard from her_____________(直到现在).

5.他无法胜任这份工作. ________________________

6. What’s (她在搞什么鬼)?

5. example cn.例子,榜样 (P 4 L1)

example of … …方面的例子

He gave se veral examples of the ways to solve this problem.

set an example 树立一个榜样

She arrived at the office early to set an example to the others.

be an example to sb 是某人学习的榜样

He is an example to all of us.

follow one’s example 仿效某人

It would be a mistake to follow his example.

练习: 1)这部词典有许多关于词语用法的示例。

_________________________________________________

2) 他的勇气式我们大家的榜样。

___________________________________________________

6.……but we need to make greater efforts. (P5 L2)

I know you don’t like her, but you could make an effort to be polite.

我知道你不喜欢她,但是你应该尽量礼貌一些。

The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.

地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

拓展: spare no effort 不遗余力

make every effort / (many) efforts/ a good effort to do sth 尽一切努力干 without/ with efforts 容易地,不费力地/ 努力地,艰难地

through sb’s efforts 通过某人努力

注意:

effort作“努力”讲时,为不可数名词;作“费力的事情,花精力的事情”讲时是可数名词。They have put a lot of effort into their garden this summer.

这个夏天,他们对他们的花园倾注了不少心血。

It was a real effort to stay awake in the lecture. 在讲座过程中不打瞌睡,真得费很大的劲。

练习:

1. In my opinion, it was really a great_______ for her to be pleasant to people she didn’t like.

A trouble

B sorrow

C effort

D horror

2. I would no effort to fill it to your satisfaction.

A. spare

B. spend

C. have

D. tend

3. Great efforts must be to improve the living conditions here.

A. taken

B. made

C. put

D. through

7. figure n. 数字,图形;人,动物;雕像;人物;身材

v. 计算;认为,以为 (P 13, Activity 4)

She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.她每天早上做运动以保持体形。His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分已经两位数了。

She is always had a good figure. 她身材一向很好。

Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?

你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗?

I figured that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了,不应该让他开车。

拓展:keep one’s figure 保持身材 the latest sales figures最新的销售数字

a square figure方形 a historical figure历史人物

figure out 想出,理解出,算出 figure on 计划,打算,预料到

figure sth. in将某物考虑/计算在内 be / become a figure of fun 成为笑柄

练习:

I can’t __________ why she said so. 我无法理解她为何这么说

我们认为明智的做法是等待。________________________________

Have you __________ the cost of the meals? 你已经把伙食费算计去了吗?

I can’t what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.

A. look out

B. take out

C. work out

D. figure out

5).Last night he saw two dark enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A. features

B. sketches

C. figures

D. images Listening:

1. unfortunate adj. 倒霉的,不幸的;使人遗憾的 (P16)

The unfortunate people who were playing near the sea lost their lives.

I would like to apologize for this unfortunate mistake.

fortunate adj. fortunately adv. unfortunately adv.

fortune n. 运气,机会[U];巨款[C] make a fortune 发财

be fortunate to do sth. I have been fortunate to visit many parts of the world. be fortunate in doing sth. I was fortunate in having a good teacher.

翻译:

1 算他运气好,我准时到了。

_________________________________________________

2 让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花许多钱。

___________________________________________________

2. be connected with 与……有联系 (P16)

It can be a great help for you to be connected with the world.

be connected to 连通,连接

The printer is connected to the computer.

connect up (to sth) 将…(与电源、气等)连接起来

She connected up the two computers.

翻译句子:

我们等待着电话接通。

____________________________________________

他与那起犯罪毫无关联。

_____________________________________________

Cultural Corner

be close to 靠近,接近(=be near to);即将发生 (P19)

The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement. 两国即将签署和平协议。Our translation should be close to the original. 我们的翻译应忠实于原文。

拓展: a close game 势均力敌的比赛 a close friend 密友

close up (商店)关闭、停业 close down (商店、工厂)倒闭

close& closely adv.

close 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近,靠近

closely 是指抽象意义上的“接近”,多用比喻意义,有“亲密地,严密地,仔细地”等意思

late 与lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?

deep与deeply deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much

The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.

wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"

He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.

free与freely free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

练习:1)The two events are __________ connected. 这两件事联系密切

2) Don’t stand so _______________ to her. 不要站得离她太近

It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age,and which have similar features such as tourism,industry,culture,and entertainment.

“of+某些抽象名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征,该结构在句中可作表语或定语。

(1)be of+抽象名词=be+该名词相对应的形容词

It’s of much possibility / very possible to misunderstand each other in life.

生活中人与人之间发生误会是很可能的。

注意:在此结构中,如果后面的名词前有不定冠词 a / an ,则这个冠词相当于 t he same . The two boys are of an / the same age.These bottles are of a / the same size.

(2)还有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式:

be of the size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/ shape/kind/type

①This dictionary is of great/much use to learners of English.

=This dictionary is very useful to learners of English.这本词典对英语学习者很有用。

②The work I am doing at the moment is not of very much value.

练习 1. Do you think the concert last weekend was of ______?

A. much success

B. successful

C. very success

D. very successful;

2. You will find this map of great _____ in helping you to get round London。

A. price

B. cost

C. value

D. usefulness

3. exchange

1). vt.交换;调换;兑换常用搭配:exchange sth. with sb. for sth.用某物和某人交换某物

①I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars.

②We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.

③ At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.

2). c.n.& u.n.交换; 交流; 交易

in exchange for 作为交换 make an exchange 交换

① An exchange of opinions is helpful.

② What is the rate of exchange between the pound and the mark?(汇率)

③I’ve offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’ s accommodation. 注意:exchange 着重强调双方的行为和动作,change侧重单方的行为和动作。

练习:

1) I’ve just bought this tie, but can I ______ that blue one?

A change it into

B exchange it into

C exchange it for

D exchange for

2) At the end of the game, players traditionally _______ shirts _______each other.

A change, with

B exchange, with

C change, to

D exchange, to

3) They ____ a glance before they signed their names in the paper.

A changed

B turned

C had

D exchanged

4) If you agree to our proposal of a barter(以物换物)trade, we’ll give you paper _____ your timber.

A. in exchange for

B. exchange

C. exchange for

D. exchange with

4. practise / practice v.

finish, practise, be worth, be busy 完成实践值得忙

keep on, be used to, give up 继续习惯别放弃

consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like 考虑建议不禁想

enjoy, miss, mind 喜欢思念要介意

练习 Bill suggested _______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.

A. having held

B. to hold

C. holding

D. hold

5. This is because living with a foreign family means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.

句子结构:

This is because…表语从句(+原因)这是因为

This/ it is why … (+结果) 这就是为什么

I got up late this morning so I was late for school.

a. I got up late this morning._____________________________________.

b. I was late for school this morning._______________________________.

②Living with a foreign family means that… that引导的宾语从句

as a result = as a consequence / in (the) consequence 因此

as a result of = as a consequence of / in consequence of 由于…

Jack didn’t work hard at his lessons; as a result, he failed in the exam.

She was late as a result of the heavy snow.

拓展:result in 导致 result from 起因于 without result 毫无结果

The confusion results from the strike. = The strike results in the confusion.

罢工导致混乱。

练习:

1. Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.

A. as a result of

B. on top of

C. in front of

D. in need of

2. ______ his carelessness, he didn’t pass the exam.

A. As a result

B. As a result of

C. Because

D. Since

Grammar—link words

1. Norway is at the top of the list, while the United States is at number 7.

2. The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.

3. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school,…

4. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.

While 做连词除引导时间状语从句外,还可以表示前后句之间的对比转折。由although 引导的让步状语从句,可译为“虽然”。常用于句首,且不与but连用。均为让步状语从句although、though用法

1.两词同义并可换用,但although语气较重,通常放在句首并用于正式场合。如:

I'd quite like to go out, (al)though it is a bit late. 我很想外出,虽然为时稍晚。Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. 虽然下着雪,但并不很冷。

2.用though 时,可将强调的词前置,但although 不能。as也有此种倒装结构。如:Poor though / as he is , he is happy.虽然他穷,但过得很愉快。

Child though / as she was, the actress was drawing a crowd. 尽管还是个孩子,这个女演员却引起了人们的注目。(child前无冠词a)

3. although 引导从句常指事实,而though 引导的句子可表假设。如:

Let's start as arranged though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨,咱们也按预定的计划出发吧。(假设)

He was not unhappy although he had to live alone. 虽然得一个人生活,他毫无不快之感。(事实)

4.although 只用作连词,而though 除作连词外,还可用作副词,常置句末句子较长时也置于句中。如:

It's hard work, I enjoy it though. 这是苦差事,可我干得颇有乐趣。

There's no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings. 伤到她的感情一事,还是不可原谅。

5.though 可用于even though, as though 等结构,although则不能。如:

Even though I fail, I'll keep on trying. 我纵然失败,仍会继续尝试下去。

You look as though (=as if ) you know each other. 看起来你们好像彼此认识。

6. although 和 though 用作连词时不能和but连用,但可跟yet, still 等连用。如:Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. = He lives alone, but he is happy.

7.though 常用于省略句。如:Though (he is) alone, he is happy. although<连conj.>的用法

(1)although(though) 和but,就如同because和so 一样,不可同时用来连接两个子句。(2)although=though(虽然);however(然而;不过)也可表达同样意思,但必须放在另一句之首。

*though和however可放句首&句尾;但although不能放句尾。

句型:(Even)Although/Though+附属子句(原因), 主要子句(结果).

=主要子句(结果), (even)although/though+附属子句(原因).

=原附属子句(原因). However, 原主要子句(结果).

=原附属子句(原因). 原主要子句(结果), however/though.

例句:Even although I left home earlier, I was late for school.

= I was late for school, even though I left home earlier.

= I left home earlier. However, I was late for school.

= I left home earlier. I was late for school, however.

1. However, the challenges are still great.

2. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. …

2. Health care is improving in towns. However, there is still a lot of disease in country areas.

3. Most children go to primary but not many receive an education after the age of 11.

However 放于句首句尾句中都可以, 但有逗号与之隔开。

But 转折意义更强烈, 既可以连接两个句子, 又可以连接句子中的两个并列成分。均为并列句

however

①副词,“可是;不过;然而;无论如何;不论到什么程度”。however比but的词义还要弱些,并不直接引出相反的意见,因此,常用作插入语。例如:

I’d like to go with yo u; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。

②连词,“不管用什么方法;无论什么方式”。例如:

However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.

不管我用什么方法做鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。

1. 用连词and/however/while/although/but 完成句子。

1. British English ____ American English are more or less the same.

2. ________ it was not safe to stay in the house, they didn’t move at all.

3. He knows so many difficulties are in front of him. He will not, ________, give up.

4. He wants to study abroad, _____ his brother wants to stay at home.

5. , they did not seem to have much effect.

6. He drives not carefully slowly.

7. many difficulties are still ahead, we are determined to make greater achievements.

8. He said that it was so; he was mistaken, .

9. He looks honest, actuall y he’s a rogue (无赖).

10. He went out for a walk, I stayed at home.

11. cold it is, she always goes swimming.

12. I’m very sorry, I can’t see you today.

2.Translation:

他个子矮而他兄弟个子高。

他很努力,然而还是失败了。

痛得厉害,可是他并不呻吟。

单选

1. ____I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.

A. While

B. Since

C. Before

D. Unless

2. ______modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

A. While

B. Since

C. As

D. If

3. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ____ much work you have to do.

A. however

B. no matter

C. although

D. whatever

4. —Have you been to New Zealand?--No, I’d like to, _____.

A. too

B. though

C. yet

D. either

5. _____ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.

A. Though

B. Whether

C. Until

D. Unless

6. I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband-Bob just does the dishes now and then.

A. since

B. while

C. when

D. as

7. Paul had to write a history paper, _____ he couldn’t find time to do it.

A. but

B. so

C. because

D. if

8. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding.

A. like

B. as

C. or

D. but

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