高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句-同位语从句-强调句

高考英语语法专题讲解-

高考英语语法专题讲解1. 定语从句

1.1 三步思考：

（1）找出先行词；

（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

（3）选择合适的关联词。

1.2何时用that ？何时用which？

1.2.1只能用that 的3种情况：

（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.

（2）先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.

（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ad2756583.html,ter my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that they

remembered in school.

1.2.2 只能用which的情况：

（1）介宾短语

（2）指代前面的一件事

e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.

1.3关系代词as（正如…）

1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语

e.g.As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.

We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料)

We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)

1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语

e.g.She is remarkable, as I have told you .

She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)

She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)

1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语

e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)

=He was not the same person that he was.

1.3.4 as的固定用法:

As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, …

1.4 all that和what

All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.

that引导定语从句that引导表语从句

= What I know is that……

What引导主语从句

1.5 关系副词: where, when, why

比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.

This is the house which I visited.

I will never forget the day when I joined the army.

I will never forget the day that we spent

．．．．．together.

The reason

．．．．．． why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.

T he reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted.

The reason is that I want you to come to my party.

表语从句

只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。

p.s. 在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！

2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别

2.1形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。

2.2句法功能不相同: 同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。

2.3 区别方法：

2.3.1 that是否在从句中担任成分？

在从句中不担任成分

在从句中担任宾语

2.3.2 在that 前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。

成立

2.3.3 根据that 前的名字判断

同位语that 前的名词必须是一个表示事实的抽象名词: fact, news, information,

order, belief, reply, answer, saying, doubt, hope, idea, thought,suggestion, wish,

conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report,

truth, view etc.

定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制。

2.4 同位语的连接词包括: that, how, when, where, whether.

同位语从句有时会被别的词把它和名词隔开:

e.g Word came that they had won the game.

3. 定语从句与强调句型的区别

3.1 强调词it与先行词it的判别:

把It is / was…that…去掉，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则不是。

st．(强调句)

定语从句)

作为形式主语的主语从句)

+ that…..

e.g It was not unitl she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous star.

she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.

she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.

who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where,

why, how代替that.

强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。

He is better today since he can walk around without my help. ->

It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (X)

It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (X)

3.3 其他强调方式：

3.3.1 as, though引导的让步状语从句:

(1) Try as he will, he can’t succeed.(强调谓语)

= Though he will try, he can’t succeed.

(2) English though he learnt, he didn’t learn it well. (强调宾语)

= Though he learnt English, he didn’t learn it well.

(3) Ill as he is, he keeps on working. (强调表语)

=Though he is ill, he keeps on working.

3.3.2用do, did强调谓语

e.g Do sit down. He did write to you last week.

3.3.3用短语at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。

【定语从句同位语从句强调句专项训练】

1．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．A．which B．who C．it D．that

2．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made．

A．that B．which C．where D．there

3．There is no dictionary you can find everything．

A．that B．which C．where D．in that

4．Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．

A．which B．that C．when D．where

5.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.

A.since

B.which

C.that

D.when.

6．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming．

A．which B．that C．when D．where

7．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ．

A．that B．when C．where D．what

8．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities．

A．that B．which C．where D．as

9．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ．A．that B．which C．as D．what

10. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

11．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ．

A．as B．which C．that D．this

12. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.（2008 重庆卷22）

A .that B. when C. while D. as

13. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. what

14．has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules．

A．Which B．What C．That D．As

15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is the information ____ has been put forward.

A. what

B. that

C. when

D. as

16．Do you know the man ?

A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke

17. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重庆卷]

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. this

18. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. what

D. why

19. when was it you called me yesterday?

A. until

B. that

C. then

D. so

20．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．

A．with which B．with it C．with that D．which

21．He tore up my photo and upset me ．

A．that B．it C．which D．what

22．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns．

A．followed B．following C．to follow D．that followed

23. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

24. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?

A. and

B. that

C. that’s

D. so

25．You can take any seat is free ．

A．which B．where C．that D．in which

26. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

27. These wild flowers are so special ___I would do ____ I can to save them.

A. that…whatever

B. that…that

C. which…whatever

D. as…whichever

28. Occasions are quite rare______I have the time to spend a day with my kids.（2008山东）

A. who

B. which

C. why

D. when

29. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.（2008北京）

A. which

B. when

C. whom

D. where

30. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______were made of small diamonds. （2008陕西）

A. the hands of whom

B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of

D. the hands of which

31. I have no idea ____ he will start.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D./

32. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.

A. if

B. that

C. whether

D. which

33. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A. whether

B. where

C. that

D. when

34. One of them held the view __ the book said was right.

A. what that

B. that what

C. that

D. whether

35．Do you know the reason he was late?

A．that B．which C．for what D．for which 36．We hope to get such a tool he is using ．

A．which B．as C．that D．where

37．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ．

A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose

38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?

A．that B．/ C．which D．it

39．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm．

A．which B．where C．when D．who

40．Is there anything to you ．

A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong 41．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ．

A．where B．in which C．which D．to which

42．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ．A．which B．as C．that D．like

43．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ．

A．as B．that C．what D．who

44．Is some German friends visited last week ?

A．this school B．this the school C．this school one D．this school where

45. It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?

A.wasn’t it

B.was it

C.did n’t they

D.did they

46. When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.

A.what it is that

B.that what it is

C.what is it that

D.that what is it

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