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840故障代码_code

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE0110Unable to

establish O2

flow EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Alert Flow controller unable

to establish and control

oxygen flow at

120 L/min.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected and unrestricted.

2.Verify oxygen regulator pres-

sure is set between 9-12 psi.

3.Switch PSOLs to see if failure

transfers to the other gas side.

If yes, return the air PSOL to its

original position and replace

the oxygen PSOL.

4.Run the leak test in EST to

check for leaks/occlusions.

5.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

6.Replace Q1.

7.Replace the Inspiratory Elec-

tronics PCB.

8.Replace the AI PCB.

AE0111Unable to

establish air flow EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Alert Flow controller unable

to establish and control

air flow at 120 L/min.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

2.Verify air regulator pressure is

set between 9-12 psi.

3.Switch PSOL's to see if failure

transfers to the other gas side.

If yes, return Oxygen PSOL to

its original position and replace

the Air PSOL.

4.Run the leak test in EST to

check for leaks/occlusions.

5.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

6.Replace Q2.

7.Replace the Inspiratory Elec-

tronics PCB.

8.Replace the AI PCB.

AE0213Air PSOL leak EST Gas

Supply/SV Test Alert Air PSOL (PSOL2)

forward leak was

detected via excessive

pressure buildup

(>50 cmH2O but

<100cmH2O) in

blocked inspiratory

module.

1.Check for leaks around the Q2

O-rings.

2.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

3.Reseat Air PSOL.

4.Replace Air PSOL.

5.Replace AI PCB.

AE0214O2 PSOL leak EST Gas

Supply/SV Test Alert Oxygen PSOL (PSOL1)

forward leak was

detected via excessive

pressure buildup

(>50 cmH2O but

<100cmH2O) in

blocked inspiratory

module.

1.Check for leaks around the Q1

O-rings.

2.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected and unrestricted.

3.Reseat oxygen PSOL.

4.Replace oxygen PSOL.

5.Replace AI PCB.

AE0306Test circuit not

connected EST Leak Test Alert Pressure not detected

on expiratory side

1.Make sure test circuit is prop-

erly connected.

2.Replace expiratory bacteria

filter.

3.Check for leaks around the Q3

flow sensor.

4.Check/replace the exhalation

valve.

5.Replace the expiratory pressure

transducer PCB.

AE0601GUI High Alarm

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0602GUI Medium

Alarm LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0603GUI Low Alarm

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0604GUI Normal LED

fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0605GUI Batt Backup

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0606GUI On Batt Pwr

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0607G UI Compressor

Ready LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0608G UI Compressor

Operating LED

fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0609GUI 100% O2

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace keyboard.

AE0610GUI Alarm

Silence LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE0611GUI Screen Lock

LED fails.EST GUI Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate LED not on.

1.Check/replace interconnect

cable between the GUI LED

PCB and the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace the GUI LED PCB.

AE0702Bad Vent inop

LED EST BD Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate one or both

ventilator inoperative

LEDs not on.

Replace BD LED PCB.

AE0703Bad SVO LED EST BD Lamp

Test Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate one or both

SVO LEDs not on.

Replace BDU LED PCB.

AE0704Bad Loss of GUI

LED EST BD Lamp

Test

Alert CLEAR key pressed to

indicate loss of GUI LED

not on.

Replace BDU LED PCB.

AE1001Air PSOL

loopback

current OOR EST PSOL

Loopback Test

Alert Air PSOL (PSOL2)

loopback current out of

range of drive current.

1.Verify that the air supply is

good.

2.Verify air regulator pressure set

to between 9 and 12 psi.

3.Switch PSOLs to see if failure

transfers to the other gas side.

If yes, return oxygen PSOL

(PSOL1) to its original position

and replace PSOL2.

4.Switch Q1 and Q2, run a flow

sensor calibration and rerun

test. If the problem transfers to

the other gas side, return Q1 to

its original position and replace

Q2.

5.Replace the AI PCB.

6.Replace the Inspiratory

Electronics PCB.

AE1002O2 PSOL

loopback

current OOR

EST PSOL

Loopback Test

Alert Oxygen PSOL (PSOL1)

loopback current out of

range of drive current.

1.Verify that the oxygen supply is

good.

2.Verify oxygen regulator pres-

sure set to between 9 and 12

psi.

3.Switch PSOLs to see if failure

transfers to the other gas side.

If yes, return the air PSOL to its

original position and replace

PSOL1.

4.Switch Q1 and Q2, run a flow

sensor calibration and rerun

test. If the problem transfers to

the other gas side, return Q2 to

its original position and replace

Q1.

5.Replace the AI PCB.

6.Replace the Inspiratory

Electronics PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE1104Insp check valve

test failed EST Safety

System Test

Alert It took too little time to

relieve excess pressure

through open safety

valve, indicating

inspiratory check valve

(CV3) may be damaged

or incorrectly mounted.

1.Make sure test circuit is con-

nected.

2.Make sure CV3 is not installed

backward.

3.Replace CV3.

AE1201Exp valve

loopback

current OOR EST Exp Valve

Loopback Test

Alert Exhalation valve

loopback current is out

of range of drive

current.

1.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions by running

the leak test in EST.

2.Clean exhalation valve

diaphragm.

3.Calibrate the exhalation valve.

4.Clean/replace the exhalation

valve.

5.Replace the AI PCB.

AE1305Seal test failed EST Exp Valve

Seal Test Alert Seal test Δ pressure is

above alert level but

below failure level.

1.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions by running

the leak test in EST.

2.Clean the exhalation valve.

3.Calibrate exhalation valve.

4.Replace the exhalation valve.

5.Replace the AI PCB.

AE1600Compressor

Test - Not

installed EST

Compressor

Test

Status Ventilator did not sense

a compressor attached

and skipped test.

No action required.

AE1601Wall air pressure

detected EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Wall air pressure switch

(PS2) detected air after

user was prompted to

disconnect air.

1.Make sure air supply is discon-

nected.

2.Disconnect PS2 and rerun test.

If test passes, replace PS2.

AE1602ac power not

connected EST

Compressor

Test

Alert System is still running

on battery power after

prompting user to

connect ac power.

Compressor can only

run on ac (facility)

power.

1.Plug in ventilator power cord

and check the cord connec-

tion at the ventilator.

2.Check ac.

3.Disconnect BPS to isolate prob-

lem.

4.Replace power supply.

AE1603Compressor

pressure not

detected

EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor pressure

transducer (PC)

indicates that

compressor air is not

present, although

compressor motor is

on.

1.Run compressor leak test to

check for leaks.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2844694.html,e leak detector to check

for leaks at the accumulator

fittings and other tubing

connections.

b.Verify no leaks at CV2 within

the ventilator by plugging

the air inlet fitting.

2.Replace compressor PCB.

3.Contact Puritan-Bennett Tech-

nical Support.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE1604Run mode time

OOR EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor timer is not

running while

compressor motor is

on.

Listen for motor. If motor is on,

replace compressor PCB.

Otherwise, replace compressor.

AE1606Compressor

pressure

detected EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor pressure

transducer (PC)

indicates that

compressor air is

present after

compressor motor is

disabled and

accumulator drained.

Replace compressor PCB.

AE1607Disabled mode

time OOR EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor timer is

running while

compressor motor is

off.

Replace compressor PCB.

AE1608Unable to test

standby mode EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor standby

mode check cannot be

run, because of inability

to verify timer

functionality during

compressor run and

disabled tests.

1.Troubleshoot code AE1604 or

AE1607, if present.

2.Replace compressor PCB.

AE1609Standby mode

time OOR EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor motor is

still running. During

standby mode test

phase, compressor

motor should

eventually turn off.

Replace compressor PCB.

AE1610Unable to

perform

compressor load

test EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor load test

cannot be run, because

of inability to verify PC

during compressor run

and disabled tests.

Troubleshoot code AE1603 or

AE1606.

AE1611Compressor

load test failed EST

Compressor

Test

Alert Compressor unable to

maintain minimum

pressure under worst-

case breath delivery

waveform.

1.Run compressor leak test to

check for compressor leak.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2844694.html,e leak detector to check

for leaks at the accumulator

fittings and other tubing

connections.

b.Verify no leaks at CV2 within

the ventilator by plugging

the air inlet fitting.

2.Replace compressor.

3.Replace compressor PCB.

AE1700Compressor

Leak Test - Not

installed

EST

Compressor

Leak Test

Status Ventilator did not sense

a compressor attached

and skipped test.

No action required. Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE1701Unable to

perform

compressor leak

test EST

Compressor

Leak Test

Alert Compressor leak test

cannot be run, because

of inability to verify

timer functionality.

1.Troubleshoot accompanying

code AE1604 or AE1607.

2.Replace compressor PCB.

AE1702Wall air pressure

detected EST

Compressor

Leak Test

Alert Wall air pressure switch

(PS2) detected air

presence after user was

prompted to

disconnect air.

1.Make sure air supply is discon-

nected.

2.Disconnect PS2 and rerun test.

If test passes, replace PS2.

AE1703Wall air pressure

not detected EST

Compressor

Leak Test

Alert Wall air pressure switch

(PS2) did not detect air

presence after user was

prompted to connect

air.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected.

2.Run Gas Supply/SV Test.

AE1704Compressor

leak detected EST

Compressor

Leak Test

Alert Compressor leak was

detected using

compressor timer to

detect compressor

turning on momentarily

during test.

Troubleshoot compressor

compartment or inspiratory

module for leaks.

AE1901GUI touch: Error EST GUI Touch

Test Alert Touch screen error

occurred (e.g., blocked

beam or low-level

error), buffer cannot be

read, or report is

invalid.

1.Clean touch screen, removing

any obstructions.

2.Replace touch frame PCB.

3.Replace GUI CPU PCB.

AE2001Bad GUI serial

port EST GUI Serial

Port Test

Alert While in loopback

mode, failed to verify

received message was

identical to transmitted

message.

Replace GUI CPU PCB.

AE2101Battery not

charged EST Battery

Test

Alert BPS not fully charged at

start of test.

1.Allow BPS to fully charge, then

repeat test.

2.Replace BPS PCB.

3.Replace battery pack.

4.Replace BD CPU PCB.

AE2102Battery not

discharging

EST Battery

Test

Alert BPS not discharging

after ac power was

disconnected.

1.Verify ac power is disconnected

when prompted.

2.Replace BPS PCB.

3.Replace battery pack.

4.Replace BD CPU PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AE2103Bad Backup

Power Supply EST Battery

Test

Alert While BPS was

discharging, BPS

voltage dropped below

accepted level or

dropped too quickly.

1.Ensure that the battery pack is

fully charged by checking that

the green LED on the BPS is lit

prior to initiating an EST. If the

amber LED is lit, allow the unit

to charge the batteries prior to

rerunning EST.

2.Replace the battery pack.

3.Replace the BPS PCB.

4.Replace the AI PCB.

5.Replace the power supply.

AE2104Battery not

charging EST Battery

Test

Alert BPS not charging after

ac power was

reconnected.

1.Verify that ac power is recon-

nected when prompted and

that ac is good.

2.Replace BPS PCB.

3.Replace the battery pack.

4.Replace the power supply.

5.Replace the BD CPU.

6.Replace the AI PCB.

AE2300GUI Nurse Call

Test - Not

installed

EST Test Status User pressed CLEAR to

indicate nurse’s call

device not installed.

Test was skipped.

No action required. Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AS0010Unable to

establish O2

flow

SST flow sensor

test

Alert Flow controller unable

to establish and control

oxygen flow at

120 L/min.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the oxygen supply

meets minimum pressure

requirements.

3.Verify that the patient circuit

system has no leaks or occlu-

sions. If not sure, run the first

four tests in EST to get to the

leak test. If the leak test passes

in EST, exit out of EST. Correct

the leak or occlusion in the

patient circuit used in SST and

rerun or try another patient cir-

cuit.

4.Check the oxygen inlet filter

assembly.

5.Verify that the oxygen regula-

tor pressure is set between 9-

12 psi.

6.Run a flow sensor calibration.

7.Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the air side, return Q2 back to

its original position and replace

Q1.

8.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the air side. If

yes, return PSOL2 back to its

original position and replace

PSOL1.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AS0011Unable to

establish air flow SST flow sensor

test

Alert 1.Flow controller

unable to establish

and control air flow

at 120 L/min.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the air supply meets

minimum pressure require-

ments.

3.Verify that the patient circuit

system has no leaks or occlu-

sions. If not sure, run the first

four tests in EST to get to the

leak test. If the leak test passes

in EST, exit out of EST. Correct

the leak or occlusion in the

patient circuit used in SST and

rerun or try another patient cir-

cuit.

4.Check the air inlet filter (F2).

5.Verify that the air regulator

pressure is set between 9-12

psi.

6.Run a flow sensor calibration.

7.Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the oxygen side, return Q1

back to its original position and

replace Q2.

8.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the oxygen

side. If yes, return PSOL1 back

to its original position and

replace PSOL2.

AS0012O2 pressure not

detected SST flow sensor

test

Alert Oxygen pressure not

detected via PS1. Only

air available for SST.

Make sure oxygen supply is

connected.

AS0013Wall air pressure

not detected SST flow sensor

test

Alert Air pressure not

detected via PS2 or PC.

Only oxygen available

for SST.

Make sure air supply is connected.

AS0202Excessive leak SST Circuit leak Alert Pressure drops to 85

cmH2O in 10 s,

then in 10 s more by

≥ 10 cmH2O.1.Make sure patient circuit is

connected and is not leaking.

2.Check exhalation valve opera-

tion.

3.Verify connections of bacteria

filters and humidifier are

secure.

AS0305Occluded

expiratory filter SST Expiratory

filter

Alert Pressure drop across

filter > 2cmH2O, but

<3 cmH2O.

Consider replacing expiratory

filter.

AS0308Occluded

expiratory

compartment

SST Expiratory

filter

Alert Exhalation

compartment pressure

>3 cmH2O but

< 4cmH2O.

1.Check compartment for

obstruction.

2.Verify exhalation valve opera-

tion by running EST.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AS0311Low expiratory

filter ΔP SST Expiratory

filter

Alert Pressure drop

across expiratory filter

< 0.4 cmH2O, but

> 0.1 cmH2O.

1.Repeat test, following direc-

tions more closely.

2.Replace filter.

AS0403Occluded

inspiratory limb SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert Inspiratory limb

pressure > 8.5 cmH2O

(adult) or 5.5cmH2O

(pediatric), but

< 12.5 cmH2O (adult)

or 7.5cmH2O

(pediatric), indicating

occlusion.

Check for occluded patient tubing.

AS0406Occluded

exhalation limb SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert Expiratory limb

pressure > 8.5cmH2O

(adult) or 5.5cmH2O

(pediatric) but > 12.5

cmH2O (adult) or

7.5cmH2O (pediatric),

indicating occlusion.

Check for occluded patient tubing.

AS0407Unable to reach

min peak flow SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert During characterization

of total circuit

resistance over a range

of flows, peak flow

< 80L/min but > 60 L/

min.

Check for kinked or occluded

patient tubing.

AS0411Unable to reach

min peak flow SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert During characterization

of total circuit

resistance over a range

of flows, peak flow was

less than alert

threshold.

Check for kinked or occluded

patient tubing.

AS0413Insp limb

resistance low SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert Inspiratory limb

pressure < 0.6 cmH2O

(adult) or 5.5cmH2O

(pediatric), but

> 0.2 cmH2O.

1.Make sure inspiratory filter is

installed.

2.Repeat test, following direc-

tions more closely.

3.Replace inspiratory filter.

4.Replace patient circuit.

AS0414Exp limb

resistance low SST Circuit

Resistance

Alert Expiratory limb

pressure < 0.6cmH2O

(adult) or 0.5 cmH2O

(pediatric), but

> 0.2cmH2O.

Replace patient circuit.

AS0505Excessive

compliance

SST

Compliance

calibration

Alert High compliance

>6 mL/cmH2O (adult)

or 4.5mL/cmH2O

(pediatric), but

< 12mL/cmH2O (adult)

or 9 mL/cmH2O

(pediatric).

1.Make sure correct patient tub-

ing type was specified in SST.

2.Replace patient circuit. Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

AS0507Compliance low SST

Compliance

calibration Alert High compliance falls

below 1.56 mL/cmH2O

(adult) or 1.34 mL/

cmH2O (pediatric) but

not lower than

1.05 mL/cmH2O.

1.Make sure correct patient tub-

ing type was specified in SST.

2.Replace patient circuit with a

known good circuit and filter

set.

3.Run EST to check the operation

of PI and PE during the Circuit

Pressure Test. Replace applica-

ble pressure transducer.

4.Run Atmospheric Pressure

Transducer calibration.

AS0509Excessive

compliance SST

Compliance

calibration

Alert Low compliance >

6 mL/cmH2O (adult) or

4.5mL/cmH2O

(pediatric), but <

12mL/cmH2O (adult)

or 9 mL/cmH2O

(pediatric).

1.Make sure correct patient tub-

ing type was specified in SST.

2.Replace patient circuit with a

known good circuit and filter

set.

3.Run EST to check the operation

of PI and PE during the Circuit

Pressure Test. Replace applica-

ble pressure transducer.

4.Run Atmospheric Pressure

Transducer calibration.

AS0511Compliance low SST

Compliance

calibration Alert Low compliance falls

below 1.56 mL/cmH2O

(adult) or 1.34 mL/

cmH2O (pediatric), but

not below

1.05 mL/cmH2O.

1.Make sure correct patient tub-

ing type was specified in SST.

2.Replace patient circuit with a

known good circuit and filter

set.

3.Run EST to check the operation

of PI and PE during the Circuit

Pressure Test. Replace applica-

ble pressure transducer.

4.Run Atmospheric Pressure

Transducer calibration.

Dxxxxx Assertion Background

Checks (BD)Failure that

results in a

POST or a

reset

System generated a

reset to correct a

boundary check or

possible data

corruption of control

variables.

Replace the BDCPU PCB.

DT0002Bus error /

Access fault Background

Checks (BD)

Failure that

results in a

POST or a

reset

Hardware trap from an

access fault due to a

bad memory chip, bad

control line, or a

hardware timing issue.

Replace the BD CPU PCB.

Exxxxx Varies Background

Checks (GUI)Status A status message

indicating an event that

was intentionally

caused.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

NOTE:

For all "FE" codes (failures reported during EST), diagnose the problem and perform the repair.

Run a complete EST to reset the EST test failure in memory. If there is a failed EST test result in

memory, normal operation is prevented until the failed EST test is rerun and passes.

FE0001Inspiratory

autozero out of

range EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Inspiratory pressure

transducer ADC count

at 0cmH2O is out of

range.

1.Replace SOL1.

2.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

3.Replace AI PCB.

FE0002Expiratory

autozero out of

range EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Exhalation pressure

sensor ADC count at

0cmH2O is out of

range.

1.Replace SOL

2.Replace exhalation transducer

PCB.

3.Replace AI PCB.

FE0003Failed to reach

test pressure EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Unable to build

pressure (air) to

10cmH2O at

5 L/min within time-out

period.

1.Make sure that test circuit is

installed and air supply or com-

pressor is available and good.

2.Verify that the air regulator

pressure is set between 9-12

psi.

3.Verify that the patient circuit

system has no leaks or occlu-

sions by running the first four

tests in EST to get to the leak

test.

FE0004Cross-check

failed EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Inspiratory/expiratory

pressure transducer

readings at 10cmH2O

test pressure are too far

apart.

1.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test

2.If the leak test passes in EST,

exit out of EST. Review the

data for the Circuit Pressure

Test to determine which pres-

sure transducer is out of range:

PI or PE. Replace applicable

pressure transducer.

3.Replace AI PCB.

FE0005Bad insp

autozero

solenoid EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Inspiratory pressure

reading (taken after

inspiratory pressure

transducer autozero

solenoid (SOL1)

actuated) out of range

(-0.60 to 0.60 cmH2O).

1.Replace SOL1.

2.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

3.Replace AI PCB.

FE0006Bad exp

autozero sol

EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Expiratory pressure

reading (taken after

expiratory pressure

transducer autozero

solenoid (SOL2)

actuated) out of range

(-0.60 to 0.60 cmH2O).

1.Replace SOL

2.Replace exhalation transducer

PCB.

3.Replace AI PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0007Cross-check

failed EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Inspiratory/expiratory

pressure transducer

measurements at 50 or

100cmH2O test

pressure are too far

apart.

1.Replace the expiratory bacteria

filter.

2.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test.

3.If the leak test passes in EST,

exit out of EST. Review the data

for the Circuit Pressure Test to

determine which pressure

transducer is out of range: PI or

PE. Replace applicable pres-

sure transducer.

4.Replace AI PCB.

FE0008Failed to reach

test pressure EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure Unable to build

pressure (air) to 50 or

100 cmH2O at 5 L/min

within time-out period.

1.Make sure air supply or com-

pressor is available.

2.Check for system leak at the

expiratory bacteria filter or O2

sensor. If not sure, run the first

four tests in EST to run the leak

test.

FE0010ac power not

connected EST Circuit

Pressure Test

Failure System is still running

on battery power after

prompting user to

connect ac power. EST

can only run on ac

(facility) power.

1.Plug in ventilator power cord.

2.Disconnect BPS to isolate prob-

lem.

3.Replace power supply.

FE0101O2 flow sensor

cross check

failed

EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Oxygen flow sensor

(Q1) cross-check failed.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the oxygen supply is

good.

3.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test.

4.Run a flow sensor calibration.6.

Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the air side, return Q2 back to

its original position and replace

Q1.

5.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the air side. If

yes, return PSOL2 back to its

original position and replace

PSOL1.

6.Replace exhalation flow sensor

(Q3)

7.Replace AI PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0102O2 PSOL current

out of range EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Oxygen PSOL (PSOL1)

current is out of range

with respect to flow

sensor (Q1).

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the oxygen supply is

good.

3.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test.

4.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the air side. If

yes, return PSOL2 back to its

original position and replace

PSOL1.

5.Run a flow sensor calibration.

6.Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the air side, return Q2 back to

its original position and replace

Q1.

FE0103Air flow sensor

cross check

failed

EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Inspiratory module air

flow sensor (Q2) cross-

check failed.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the air supply is

good.

3.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test.

4.Run a flow sensor calibration.

5.Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the oxygen side, return Q1

back to its original position and

replace Q2.

6.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the air side. If

yes, return PSOL back to its

original position and replace

PSOL2

7.Replace exhalation flow sensor

(Q3).

8.Replace AI PCB.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0104Air PSOL current

out of range EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Air PSOL (PSOL2)

current is out of range

with respect to air flow

sensor (Q2).

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

2.Verify that the air supply is

good.

3.Verify that the system has no

leaks or occlusions. If not sure,

run the first four tests in EST to

run the leak test.

4.Switch PSOLs to see if the fail-

ure transfers to the air side. If

yes, return PSOL back to its

original position and replace

PSOL2

5.Run a flow sensor calibration.

6.Switch Q1 and Q2. Rerun the

flow sensor calibration and

EST. If the failure transfers to

the oxygen side, return Q1

back to its original position and

replace Q2.

FE0106Unable to

establish O2

flow EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Flow controller unable

to establish and control

oxygen flow at 60, 5,

and 1 L/min.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected.

2.Check regulated oxygen pres-

sure.

3.Replace PSOL1 or Q1.

4.Replace AI PCB.

FE0107Unable to

establish air flow EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Flow controller unable

to establish and control

air flow at 60, 5, and 1

L/min.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected.

2.Check regulated air pressure.

3.Perform flow sensor calibra-

tion.

4.Replace PSOL2 or Q2.

5.Replace AI PCB.

FE0108O2 zero flow

check failed EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Inspiratory flow >

0.153 L/min with

oxygen PSOL (PSOL1)

commanded to 0

(closed).

1.Verify no leaks at the Q1

O-rings.

2.Run EST Gas Supply Test to

check for PSOL1 leak. Remove

and then reseat PSOL1

3.Replace PSOL1.

4.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

5.Replace Q1.

FE0109Air zero flow

check failed

EST Flow

sensors cross

check Test

Failure Inspiratory flow >0.153

L/min with air PSOL

(PSOL2) commanded

to 0 (closed).

1.Verify no leaks at the Q2

O-rings.

2.Run EST Gas Supply Test to

check for PSOL2 leak. Remove

and then reseat PSOL2

3.Replace PSOL2.

4.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

5.Replace Q2.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0204Wall air pressure

not detected EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Wall air not detected

initially and wall air still

not detected after user

was prompted to

connect wall air.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected.

2.Check PS2: Remove the wiring

connectors from PS2 and

jumper the connectors to each

other. If the system now rec-

ognizes the air supply, replace

PS2.

FE0205O2 pressure not

detected EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Oxygen pressure not

detected initially and

oxygen pressure still

not detected after user

was prompted to

connect oxygen.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected.

2.Check PS1: Remove the wiring

connectors from PS1 and

jumper the connectors to each

other. If the system now rec-

ognizes the air supply, replace

PS1.

FE0206O2 pressure

detected (O2

not

disconnected)EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Oxygen pressure switch

detected presence of

oxygen after user was

prompted to

disconnect oxygen.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is dis-

connected.

2.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

3.Replace PS1.

FE0207Air PSOL leak EST Gas

Supply/SV Test Failure Air PSOL (PSOL2)

forward leak was

detected via excessive

pressure buildup (>100

cmH2O) in blocked

inspiratory module.

1.Check for leaks around the Q2

O-rings.

2.Verify that the safety valve

relieves pressures above 100

cmH2O. Listen for the pressure

relief while watching the

numeric digital display of sys-

tem pressure in the upper

screen. If the safety valve does

not crack open, replace the

safety valve.

3.Replace PSOL2.

FE0208Wall air pressure

detected EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Wall air pressure switch

(PS2) detected wall air

after user was

prompted to

disconnect it.

1.Make sure air supply is discon-

nected.

2.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

3.Replace PS2.

FE0209O2 PSOL leak EST Gas

Supply/SV Test Failure Oxygen PSOL (PSOL1)

forward leak was

detected via excessive

pressure buildup (>100

cmH2O) in blocked

inspiratory module.

1.Check for leaks around the Q1

O-rings.

2.Verify that the safety valve

relieves pressures above 100

cmH2O. Listen for the pressure

relief while watching the

numeric digital display of sys-

tem pressure in the upper

screen. If the safety valve does

not crack open, replace the

safety valve.

3.Replace PSOL1.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0210SV pressure

relief failed EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Safety valve cracking

pressure and/or peak

steady-state pressure is

out of range.

1.Make sure To patient port is

blocked.

2.Check for leaks at the O2 sen-

sor, SOL1 or PI.

3.Replace the safety valve.

4.Replace PI.

FE0211O2 pressure not

detected EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure PS1 did not detect

oxygen after user was

prompted to connect it.

1.Make sure oxygen supply is

connected.

2.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

FE0212Compressor

pressure

detected EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure Compressor pressure

transducer (PC)

detected that

compressor was

pressurized.

Replace compressor PCB.

FE0215Air zero flow

check failed EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure During zero-flow check,

air flow sensor (Q2)

reads >0.05 L/min.

1.Make sure gas supplies are dis-

connected.

2.Make sure compressor is not

running.

3.Verify no leaks at the Q2

O-rings.

4.Check for PSOL2 leak.

5.Remove and then reseat

PSOL2.

6.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

7.Replace PSOL2.

8.Replace Q2.

FE0216O2 zero flow

check failed EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure During zero-flow check,

oxygen flow sensor

(Q1) reads >0.05 L/

min.

1.Make sure gas supplies are dis-

connected.

2.Make sure compressor is not

running.

3.Verify no leaks at the Q2

O-rings.

4.Check for PSOL2 leak.

5.Remove and then reseat

PSOL2.

6.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

7.Replace PSOL2.

8.Replace Q2.

FE0217Exp zero flow

check failed

EST Gas

Supply/SV Test

Failure During zero-flow check,

exhalation flow sensor

(Q3) reads >0.1 L/min.

1.Make sure gas supplies are dis-

connected.

2.Make sure compressor is not

running.

3.Verify no leaks at the Q3

O-rings.

4.Perform a flow sensor calibra-

tion.

5.Replace Q3.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0301Excessive leak EST Leak Test Failure System pressure

dropped below failure

pressure level.1.Make sure test circuit is con-

nected and is not leaking.

2.Check for system leaks or

occlusions especially at the O2

sensor and expiratory filter. 3.Verify secure connection of

expiratory filter.

4.Check exhalation valve opera-

tion.

FE0305Unable to

establish

pressure EST Leak Test Failure System cannot attain

leak test starting

pressure using oxygen

or air within time-out

period.

1.Make sure test circuit is con-

nected and is not leaking.

2.Check exhalation valve opera-

tion, and verify secure connec-

tion of expiratory filter.

FE0401Accept key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0402Clear key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0403Insp. Pause key

fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0404Exp. Pause key

fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0405Man Insp fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0406100% O2/CAL

key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0407Info key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0408Alarm Reset key

fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0409Alarm Silence

key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0410Alarm Volume

key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0411Screen

brightness fails.

EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard. Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE0412Screen contrast

key fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0413Screen lock key

fails.EST GUI

Keyboard Test

Failure Wrong key pressed or

key not pressed within

15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0501Bad knob EST GUI Knob

Test Failure Knob was not turned in

direction as prompted

within 15 s.

1.Repeat test.

2.Replace keyboard.

FE0801SAAS

(Safety Audible

Alarm System)

test failed EST GUI Audio

Test

Failure CLEAR key pressed to

indicate GUI audio

diagnostic failed.

1.Verify the GUI alarm cable con-

nection to the GUI CPU PCB.

2.Replace GUI alarm assembly.

3.Replace GUI CPU PCB.

FE0901Bad alarm cable EST BDU Audio

Test Failure Alarm cable voltage is

out of range (<3.5 or

>5.05 V).

1.Make sure BD alarm cable is

connected.

2.Replace BD alarm.

3.Replace AI PCB.

4.Replace BD alarm cable.

FE0902Bad power fail

cap EST BDU Audio

Test

Failure Power failure capacitor

initial voltage is out of

range (<4.5 or >5.05

V).

1.Make sure BD alarm cable is

connected.

2.Replace BD alarm.

3.Replace AI PCB.

4.Replace BD alarm cable.

5.Replace Motherboard PCB.

FE0903Bad power fail

cap EST BDU Audio

Test

Failure Power failure capacitor

final voltage is out of

range or RC constant

<60 s.

1.Make sure BD alarm cable is

connected.

2.Replace BD alarm.

3.Replace AI PCB.

FE0904Bad BD audio EST BDU Audio

Test Failure CLEAR key pressed to

indicate user did not

hear alarm, although

alarm was active.

1.Make sure BD alarm cable is

connected.

2.Replace BD alarm.

3.Replace AI PCB.

4.Replace BD alarm cable.

FE1101Safety valve

occluded EST Safety

System Test

Failure Excessive safety valve

back pressure when

safety valve is open.

Replace safety valve.

FE1102Bad safety valve

driver or

loopback EST Safety

System Test

Failure Safety valve loopback

current is out of range

during one or more of

timed test points.

1.Replace safety valve.

2.Replace AI PCB.

3.Replace Inspiratory Electronics

PCB.

FE1103Insp check valve

test failed EST Safety

System Test

Failure It took too long to

relieve excess pressure

through open safety

valve, indicating

inspiratory check valve

(CV3) is occluded or

test circuit is too large.

1.Make sure proper test circuit is

used.

2.Make sure CV3 is not installed

backward.

3.Replace CV3.

4.Replace Safety Valve (SV).

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

FE1105Unable to

establish flow EST Safety

System Test

Failure Flow controller unable

to establish and control

gas flow at 60 L/min.

1.Make sure air supply is con-

nected and unrestricted.

2.Check air regulator pressure.

3.Run flow sensor calibration.

4.Switch PSOLs to see if test

passes. If it does, return PSOL1

to its original position and

replace PSOL2.

5.Replace Q2.

FE1301Seal test failed EST Exp Valve

Seal Test Failure Seal test Δ pressure is

above failure level.

1.Clean exhalation valve.

2.Calibrate exhalation valve.

3.Run flow sensor calibration.

4.Replace exhalation valve.

5.Replace AI PCB.

6.Replace PE.

FE1302Exp valve temp

OOR EST Exp Valve

Seal Test

Failure Exhalation valve

magnet temperature

out of range (10 to

100o C).

1.Ensure the unit has been

warmed up at ambient temper-

ature for at least 10 minutes.

2.Calibrate the exhalation valve

(EV).

3.Replace exhalation valve (EV).

4.Replace AI PCB.

FE1303Unable to

establish exp

flow EST Exp Valve

Seal Test

Failure Flow controller unable

to establish and control

air flow measured by

exhalation flow sensor

(Q3).

1.Make sure proper test circuit it

used and that there are no

leaks or occlusions.

2.Make sure air supply is still con-

nected.

3.Run flow sensor calibration.

4.Replace Q3.

5.Replace Q2.

6.Replace the exhalation valve.

FE1304Exp valve not

calibrated EST Exp Valve

Seal Test

Failure Exhalation valve table

checksum is not valid or

last calibration

performed was not

completed successfully.

1.Check for leaks or occlusions.

Correct and then run the exha-

lation valve calibration.

2.Replace the exhalation valve.

3.Replace the AI PCB.

4.Replace Q3.

5.Replace Q2.

FE1401Bad calibration EST Exp Valve

Test Failure Measured system

pressure at one or more

test points is out of

range.

1.Calibrate exhalation valve.

2.Replace exhalation valve.

3.Replace AI PCB.

4.Replace the Exhalation Pressure

Transducer PCB.

FE1402Exp valve not

calibrated

EST Exp Valve

Test

Failure Exhalation valve table

checksum is not valid or

last calibration

performed was not

completed successfully.

1.Check for leaks or occlusions.

Correct and then run the exha-

lation valve calibration.

2.Replace the exhalation valve.

3.Replace the AI PCB.

4.Replace Q3.

5.Replace Q2.

Table 6-2: 840 Ventilator diagnostic codes (continued)

Code Message

displayed

Test Response

Information / Possible

cause

Corrective action

代码审计报告3

代码审查报告 xxxx公司

版本信息

致？其余单词首字母大写的命名方式，禁止使用下划线(_)数字等方式命名不要出现局部变量，成员变量大写字母开头等问题一般是否遵循了最小长度最多信息原则？各种命名尽可能短，表意准确，除2代替…to?，4代替…for?外，不建议使用数字在命名中重要has/can/is前缀的函数是否返回布尔型？成员变量，方法参数，局部变量等为布尔型时，如果出现has/can/is开头，则将这些词去掉重要类名是否存在重名问题？自己实现的类尽量不要和别人的类重名，尽管不在同一个包下，特别是子类和父类重名的情况注释重要注释是否较清晰且必要？方法JAVADOC注释中需要说明各参数、返回值及异常说明，参数说明需按照参数名称及用意对应标注重要复杂的分支流程是否已经被注释？一般距离较远的}是否已经被注释？重要函数是否已经有文档注释？（功能、输入、返回及其他可选）文件，类（含接口，枚举等），成员变量，方法前需要有JAVADOC的注释一般特殊用法是否被注释？声明、空白、缩进一般每行是否只声明了一个变量？（特别是那些可能出错的类型）重要变量是否已经在定义的同时初始化？重要类属性是否都执行了初始化？一般代码段落是否被合适地以空行分隔？一般是否合理地使用了空格使程序更清晰？基本代码格式中的空格符不可缺少，

这些空格出现在?,:,+,-,*,/,=,==,>,<,>=,<=,!=, 及各种括号附近提示代码行长度是否在要求之内？每行不得超过120个字符重要controller，service, dao 中不要声明有状态的变量。此变量不能被修改。如果要进行修改，必须通过锁进行控制。一般折行是否恰当？一般集合是否被定义为泛型类型？定义集合时，建议定义其泛型类型，减少类型转换和警告错误语句/功能分布/规模一般包含复合语句的{}是否成对出现并符合规范？重要是否给单个的循环、条件语句也加了 {}？ if,else,else if,while,for,case等代码块必须用{}包围一般单个变量是否只做单个用途？重要单行是否只有单个功能？（不要使用；进行多行合并）重要单个函数是否执行了单个功能并与其命名相符？一般操作符＋＋和——操作符的应用是否符合规范？规模重要单个函数不超过规定行数？重要缩进层数是否不超过规定？可靠性（总

840d主要参数设定

西门子840D数控系统的参数设定摘要本文主要针对以西门子840D为控制乐境的数控机床，对算机床数据的调整进行了分析，同时对机床限住的设定与驱神的配王进行了论述。关键词保护级别有效方式设定配置 l 概述随着电站经济的飞跃发展，对电站产品的加工设备的要求越来越高，对机械加工的要求也越来越高，如高低压加热器的管板，冷凝器的隔板等加工，这些都必须用数控机床来完成。我国在80年代初进口了许多数控机床，其采用的数控系统十分多样化，其中西门子 840D数控系统由于其强大的功能，优越的性能，已越来越被广大厂商的各种数控机床所采用，但西门子公司所提供的标准数据并不一定完全适合机床，因些很有必要进行参数的设定与调整。 2 相关问题在对机床参数进行调整前，有两个与数据调整有关的问题需要特别注意的：西门子数据的保护级别和数据写入有效的方式。 2．1 数据的保护级别西门子共设有7个等级的数据保护级别(见表1)，级别0是最高的而级别7是最低的，高级别向下兼容低级别。在修改数据的时候，若设定的Password级别不够高，将无法修改某些特定的机床参数。具体修改密码的方法是在操作面板(OP)上依次按如下的软

2．2 数据有效的方式数据修改后并不全是简单的就能有效，840D数控系统提供了多种数据有效的方式，而具体采用哪种方式又取决于所修改数据的参数类型。数据的类型及其生效的方式共有如下几种： (1)POWER ON(of)生效方式是按操作 (2)NEW-CONF(cf)生效方式是按操作面板的或者按机床控制面 (3)RESET(re)按机床控制面板上的l 键生效 (4)II~ F_,DLt,TE(s0)数据输人后即可生效 3 参数的设定与调整西门子840D数控的控制系统参数是由机床数据(MD)与设定数据(sD)组成，机床数据与设定数据的数据范围及其定义见表2所示。由表2中可以看出，机床数据(MD)主要由通用，特别通道，特别轴等机床数据构成；设定数据(sD)由通用，特别轴，特别通道设定数据组成。西门子840D数控数据的调整

程序开发部代码审查制度

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840D五轴联动的参数

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代码审查规范

1. Code Revie进行检查试过现的质量保机制，通这个机制我可以代码、注一种Code Revie来确认方案计和代码的要用在软件工程程中改进码质量，Code Revie以达到如下Code Review代码审查规范1. Code Review目的 Code Review是一种用来确认方案设计和代码实现的质量保证机制，通过这个机制我们可以对代码、测试过程和注释进行检查。 Code Review主要用来在软件工程过程中改进代码质量，通过Code Review可以达到如下目的：在项目早期就能够发现代码中的BUG。?帮助初级开发人员学习高级开发人员的经验，达到知识共享。?避免开发人员犯一些很常见，很普通的错误。?保证项目组人员的良好沟通。?项目或产品的代码更容易维护。? 2. Code Review的前提条件代码提交审核前，开发者必须确保代码符合如下条件，审核者需要确保所有前提条件都已满足方可开始审查，同时也是审查的主要检查点。所有代码注释清晰，语法正确，编译通过。?日志代码完整，业务日志、系统日志分开，中文描述，脱敏处理，状态变更，?全部清晰明确。测试代码覆盖全部分支和流程，暂时统一使用工具Emma（各编译器可下载对?应插件）进行Coverage Check。项目引用关系明确，依赖关系清晰，配置文件描述。? 的审查范围3. Code Review 代码的一致性、编码风格、代码的安全问题、脱敏问题、代码冗余、是否正确设计以符合设计要求（性能、功能）与设计文档相同等等。）完整性检查（Completeness3.1、代码是否完全实现了设计文档中所涉及的所有流程和功能点?代码是否已包含所有所需的业务日志、系统日志、异常日志，日志内容是否完?整，日志文件配置是否正确。代码是否使用缓存等，配置信息是否正确可配置。?代码中是否存在任何没有定义或没有引用到的变量、常数或数据类型等?一致性检查（Consistency）3.2、代码的逻辑是否符合设计文档?代码中使用的格式、符号、结构等风格是否保持一致?）Correctness3.3、正确性检查（代码是否符合制定的标准?所有的变量都被正确定义和使用?所有的注释都是准确的?所有的程序调用都使用了正确的参数个数? Modifiability）、3.4 可修改性检查（如使用配置、定义为类常量、使用专门的常量代码涉及到的常量是否易于修改(?)类等代码中是否包含了交叉说明或数据字典，以描述程序是如何对变量和常量进行?访问的代码是否只有一个出口和一个入口（严重的异常处理除外）?）可预测性检查（Predictability3.5、代码所用的开发语言是否具有定义良好的语法和语义?是否代码避免了依赖于开发语言缺省提供的功能?代码是否无意中陷入了死循环?代码是否避免了无穷递归?．

解决视频文件缩略图显示问题

解决视频文件缩略图显示问题李叙林下面以扩展名为“.mts”的视频文件为例进行讲解： 1.新建“记事本”文件，另存为“mts.reg”文件 2.以“记事本”方式打开“mts.reg”文件，写入下面语句：（注意事项：若你的视频文件的扩展名是：“mp4”，则将下面的“mts”全部替换成“mp4”即可。） Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.mts] @="Windows Media Player.mts"（注意：这里的“Windows Media Player”指你默认用“Windows Media Player”来播放“mts”视频文件，可根据自己的需要设置。以下类似不再说明。） "Content Type"="video/mts" "https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2844694.html,st"="Custom" "PerceivedType"="video" "Windows Media Player.backup"="Windows Media Player.mts" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.mts\OpenWithList] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.mts\OpenWithList\ehshell.exe] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.mts\OpenWithProgIds] "iTunes.mts"=hex: "QuickTime.mts"=hex(0): "WMP11.AssocFile.mts"=hex(0): [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.mts\PersistentHandler] @="{098f2470-bae0-11cd-b579-08002b30bfeb}" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.MTS\ShellEx] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.MTS\ShellEx\{3D1975AF-0FC3-463d-8965-4DC6B5A840F4}] @="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.MTS\ShellEx\{BB2E617C-0920-11d1-9A0B-00C04FC2D6C1}] @="{c5aec3ec-e812-4677-a9a7-4fee1f9aa000}" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.MTS\ShellEx\{e357fccd-a995-4576-b01f-234630154e96}] @="{c5aec3ec-e812-4677-a9a7-4fee1f9aa000}" 3.保存退出。 4.双击“mts.reg”文件，一路确认。（意在导入“注册表”） 5.重启计算机。大功造成！

西门子Siemens840D全参数详解

代码审查规范

代码审查规范 1. Code Review目的 Code Review是一种用来确认方案设计和代码实现的质量保证机制，通过这个机制我们可以对代码、测试过程和注释进行检查。 Code Review主要用来在软件工程过程中改进代码质量，通过Code Review可以达到如下目的： ?在项目早期就能够发现代码中的BUG。 ?帮助初级开发人员学习高级开发人员的经验，达到知识共享。 ?避免开发人员犯一些很常见，很普通的错误。 ?保证项目组人员的良好沟通。 ?项目或产品的代码更容易维护。 2. Code Review的前提条件代码提交审核前，开发者必须确保代码符合如下条件，审核者需要确保所有前提条件都已满足方可开始审查，同时也是审查的主要检查点。 ?所有代码注释清晰，语法正确，编译通过。 ?日志代码完整，业务日志、系统日志分开，中文描述，脱敏处理，状态变更，全部清晰明确。 ?测试代码覆盖全部分支和流程，暂时统一使用工具Emma（各编译器可下载对应插件）进行Coverage Check。 ?项目引用关系明确，依赖关系清晰，配置文件描述。 3. Code Review的审查范围代码的一致性、编码风格、代码的安全问题、脱敏问题、代码冗余、是否正确设计以符合设计要求（性能、功能）与设计文档相同等等。

3.1、完整性检查（Completeness） ?代码是否完全实现了设计文档中所涉及的所有流程和功能点 ?代码是否已包含所有所需的业务日志、系统日志、异常日志，日志内容是否完整，日志文件配置是否正确。 ?代码是否使用缓存等，配置信息是否正确可配置。 ?代码中是否存在任何没有定义或没有引用到的变量、常数或数据类型等 3.2、一致性检查（Consistency） ?代码的逻辑是否符合设计文档 ?代码中使用的格式、符号、结构等风格是否保持一致 3.3、正确性检查（Correctness） ?代码是否符合制定的标准 ?所有的变量都被正确定义和使用 ?所有的注释都是准确的 ?所有的程序调用都使用了正确的参数个数 3.4、可修改性检查（Modifiability） ?代码涉及到的常量是否易于修改(如使用配置、定义为类常量、使用专门的常量类等) ?代码中是否包含了交叉说明或数据字典，以描述程序是如何对变量和常量进行访问的 ?代码是否只有一个出口和一个入口（严重的异常处理除外） 3.5、可预测性检查（Predictability） ?代码所用的开发语言是否具有定义良好的语法和语义 ?是否代码避免了依赖于开发语言缺省提供的功能 ?代码是否无意中陷入了死循环 ?代码是否避免了无穷递归 3.6、健壮性检查（Robustness）

西门子840D主要参数意译

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西门子变频器基本参数设置

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6SE70 变频装置调试步骤一.内控参数设定 1.1 出厂参数设定 P053=7 允许CBP+PMU+PC 机修改参数 P60=2 固定设置，参数恢复到缺省 P366=0 PMU 控制 P970=0 启动参数复位执行参数出厂设置，只是对变频器的设定与命令源进行设定，P366 参数选择不同，变频器的设定和命令源可以来自端子，OP1S，PMU。电机和控制参数未进行设定，不能实施电机调试。 1.2 简单参数设定 P60=3 简单应用参数设置，在上述出厂参数设置的基础上，本应用设定电机控制参数 P071 进线电压(变频器400V AC / 逆变器540V DC) P95=10 IEC 电机 P100=1 V/F 开环控制 3 不带编码器的矢量控制 4 带编码器的矢量控制 P101 电机额定电压 P102 电机额定电流 P107 电机额定频率HZ P108 电机额定速度RPM P114=0 P368=0 设定和命令源为PMU+MOP P370=1 启动简单应用参数设置 P60=0 结束简单应用参数设置执行上述参数设定后，变频器自动组合功能图连接和参数设定。P368 选择的功能图见手册S0-S7，P100 选择的功能图见手册R0-R5。电机控制效果非最优。 1.3 系统参数设置 P60=5 P115=1 电机模型自动参数设置，根据电机参数设定自动计算 P130=10 无编码器 11 有编码器（P151 编码器每转脉冲数） P350=电流量参考值A P351=电压量参考值V P352=频率量参考值HZ 3 3 P353=转速量参考值1/MIN P354=转矩量参考值NM P452=正向旋转最大频率或速度%（100%=P352，P353） P453=反向旋转最大频率或速度%（100%=P352，P353） P60=1 回到参数菜单，不合理的参数设置导致故障 1.4 补充参数设定如下 P128=最大输出电流A P571.1=6 PMU 正转 P572.1=7 PMU 反转

840D sl常用参数

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Solidworks不显示缩略图解决方法

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(dll文件的位置请到对应的安装目录找寻) 运行---CMD---regsvr32 X:\Program Files\Common Files\SolidWorks Shared\sldwinshellextu.dll X:\Program Files\SolidWorks Corp\SolidWorks\sldthumbnailprovider.dll 5.如果还不行将sldwinshellextu.dll sldthumbnailprovider.dll 这两个文件拷贝到 c:\windows\system32文件目录下然后运行-CMD 在命令提示符下输入下面命令： for %1 in (%windir%\system32\*.dll) do regsvr32.exe /s %1 回车到屏幕滚动停止为止

840d中文参数

840d中文参数 [sell=200] 10000 机床轴名称 10002 NCK机械轴的逻辑图 10008 PLC 控制的轴的最大号码 10010 方式组的通道有效 10050 基本系统循环时间10059 Profibus 报警标识符(只对内部) 10060 位置控制循环系数 10061 位置控制循环 10062 位置控制循环延迟 10065 位置设定延迟 10070 插补运算器的周期系数 10071 插补循环 10072 通讯任务周期的系数10074 PLC任务比插补任务的系数 10075 PLC循环时间 10080 取样实际值分配系数 10082 速度设定输出的超前时间10083 位置控制器输出保持时间的偏置10085 中断程序段监控时间(失效-激活) 10088 重新启动延迟 10089 缺少总线时脉冲抑制的等待时间10090 监控周期的系数 10091 检查周期时间的显示

10092 安全数据再确认循环时间显示 10093 SPL文件存取号 10094 安全报警禁用级 10095 安全方式屏蔽 10096 安全诊断功能 10097 对于SPL-差额停止反应 10098 PROFIsafe 通讯的系数 10099 PROFI安全通讯循环时间 10100 最大PLC周期 10110 PLC确认的平均时间 10120 PLC启动的监控时间 10130 与MMC通讯的时间限制 10131 过载时屏幕更新处理10132 在零件程序中监控时间MMC命令10134 同时发生的MMC节点数量10136 PCS位置的显示方式 10140 与驱动通讯的时间限制 10150 与驱动通讯的系数 10160 与MMC通讯的系数 10165 预留： 10170 MMC任务的启动时间限制 10180 MMC任务到准备任务的系数 10185 NCK运行时间分量 10190 模拟的换刀时间

系统源代码安全审计报告(模板)

XX系统源代码安全审计报告 XX部门 20XX年X月

目录 1.源代码审计概述 (1) 1.1.审计对象 (1) 1.2.审计目的 (1) 1.3.审计流程 (1) 1.4.审计组织 (1) 2.源代码审计范围 (1) 3.源代码审计详情 (1) 3.1.安全风险定义 (1) 3.2.安全缺陷统计 (2) 3.3.安全缺陷示例 (2) 3.3.1.隐私泄露 (3) 3.3.2.跨站脚本漏洞 (3) 3.3.3.SQL注入缺陷 (3) 3.3.4.XXX缺陷 (3) 4.总结 (3)

1.源代码审计概述 1.1.审计对象描述本文档适用范围、场景等相关的背景情况，便于读者充分了解审计对象信息。1.2.审计目的描述开展源代码审计工作的目的、依据、要求以及预期效果。 1.3.审计流程描述源代码代码审计工作的流程，包括但不限于测试环境的搭建、测试方法或模式（例如工具测试、人工检查）、审计报告及整改方案的撰写，并明确各项工作的相关职责方。1.4.审计组织描述开展代码审计工作组织情况，包括但不限于安全保密以及审计工作准备情况。2.源代码审计范围描述被审计系统情况，包括但不限于源代码行数、源代码文件大小、设计语言及组件、开发软件环境、系统架构、编译器、系统类库、系统服务器及数据库等信息。 3.源代码审计详情 3.1.安全风险定义源代码安全审计是运用工具和人工分析对源代码进行检查，检查系统软件存在的安全缺陷。根据安全缺陷可能存在的安全风险对检查中发现的各个缺陷给出了相对应的风险评价，并对风险评价中涉及到的各个等级给予一定说明和界定，如风险级别高、中、低并依次描述各级别对应威胁，示例如下：

siemens 840d参数中文含义

siemens 840d参数中文含义 840d中文参数 [sell=200] 10000 机床轴名称 10002 nck机械轴的逻辑图 10008 plc 控制的轴的最大号码 10010 方式组的通道有效 10050 基本系统循环时间 10059 profibus 报警标识符(只对内部) 10060 位置控制循环系数 10061 位置控制循环 10062 位置控制循环延迟 10065 位置设定延迟 10070 插补运算器的周期系数 10071 插补循环 10072 通讯任务周期的系数 10074 plc任务比插补任务的系数 10075 plc循环时间 10080 取样实际值分配系数 10082 速度设定输出的超前时间 10083 位置控制器输出保持时间的偏置10085 中断程序段监控时间(失效-激活) 10088 重新启动延迟 10089 缺少总线时脉冲抑制的等待时间10090 监控周期的系数 10091 检查周期时间的显示 10092 安全数据再确认循环时间显示10093 spl文件存取号 10094 安全报警禁用级 10095 安全方式屏蔽 10096 安全诊断功能 10097 对于 spl-差额停止反应

10098 profisafe 通讯的系数 10099 profi安全通讯循环时间 10100 最大plc周期 10110 plc确认的平均时间 10120 plc启动的监控时间 10130 与mmc通讯的时间限制 10131 过载时屏幕更新处理 10132 在零件程序中监控时间mmc命令 10134 同时发生的mmc节点数量 10136 pcs位置的显示方式 10140 与驱动通讯的时间限制 10150 与驱动通讯的系数 10160 与mmc通讯的系数 10165 预留： 10170 mmc任务的启动时间限制 10180 mmc任务到准备任务的系数 10185 nck运行时间分量 10190 模拟的换刀时间 10192 齿轮换挡时间 10200 线性位置的计算精度 10210 角度位置的计算精度 10220 激活比例系数 10230 机床数据比例系数 10240 基本公制长度单位 10250 inch的转换系数 10260 有效转换的基本设定 10270 位置表的比例系统 10280 对rel.6.3的比较>和0(3的一般/t方向最小角度21084 一般/路径最小角度(3d 端面切削) 21090 空间定位程序的最大导引角 21092 空间方向定位的最大倾斜角

如何进行代码审查

如何进行代码审查开始代码审查从一开始，开发者就会互相帮助，如果测试中遇到了问题或是有新人加入到了团队，领导或是资深开发者就会审查他们的代码。除此之外，我们还聘请了外部专家进行安全代码审查。系统发布后，我们决定更加主动一些，开始了基于风险的审查：项目中有人会编写一些风险较高的代码（比如说框架与安全代码、APIs、核心业务逻辑或是之前曾经出现过问题的地方），我们会审查他们的代码。在这个过程中，代码审查体现出了它的价值，我们收获颇丰。即便如此，我们还是更进一步，让代码审查成为一个标准的实践。这并不是一夜之间就形成的。让团队相信代码审查的价值并不是什么难事，他们已经通过基于风险的审查获得了收益。不过要想改变人们的工作方式就不是那么简单的事情了，还要确保他们有足够的时间进行代码审查，理解并对反馈作出响应。此外，设计一个高效的代码审查流程也是需要花时间的。一开始，我们让开发者选择好搭档并安排审查，但结果却有些混乱。有时，开发者会寻找那些好说话或是比较忙的人，这样审查就比较容易通过了；此外，两个开发者还有可能事先商量好，因此审查过程就会很快结束。由于人们并不知道要花费多少时间才能完成代码审查，因此审查经常会拖得很久，常常在代码已经完成测试甚至是发布后才完成。由于大多数人并没有太多的代码审查经验，因此他们并不确定在审查时应该看什么，如何给出有意义的反馈等信息。开发者常常会被负面的批评搞得很沮丧，有时甚至会心烦意乱。最后，我们决定由领导来完成大部分审查工作。虽然这会增加领导的工作量，也意味着他们没有太多时间编写代码了，不过这么做却是很有效果的。通常情况下，主开发者会对需求有着更好的理解，对代码的行为有着清晰的认识，这也意味着他们更有可能发现代码中的错误。由于是同一个人完成了大部分的代码审查，因此被审查的开发者会收到一致的反馈信息。如何进行代码审查在过去的几年间，我们进行代码审查的方式几乎没有发生过什么大的变化。无论是谁编写的，无论代码的功能是什么，重要的代码变更是一定要审查的。我们并没有一个正式的审查会议，也没发现使用诸如Code Collaborator、Crucible等工具有什么必要性，不过现在看起来使用这些工具来管理和追踪审查有助于团队更好的起步。有时，审查是面对面完成的，不过大多数时候都是离线进行的。审查者与开发者会交换信息，也许通过邮件发送文件，因为我们觉得这种方式更加便捷，也更加方便每一个人安排自己的时间。随着时间的流逝，审查中的变化之处是审查者该看什么，以及看到的结果。

java代码审查V1.0

一、概述代码审查（Code Review）是消灭Bug最重要的方法之一，这些审查在大多数时候都特别奏效。由于代码审查本身所针对的对象，就是俯瞰整个代码在测试过程中的问题和Bug。并且，代码审查对消除一些特别细节的错误大有裨益，尤其是那些能够容易在阅读代码的时候发现的错误，这些错误往往不容易通过机器上的测试识别出来。 1.1主要工作 1、发现代码中的bug; 2、从代码的易维护性、可扩展性角度考察代码的质量，提出修改建议。 3、是否符合java开发规范和代码审核检查表 1.2 基本流程 1、代码编写者和代码审核者坐在一起，由代码编写者按照UC（Use Case）依次讲解自己负责的代码和相关逻辑，从表现层->持久层; 2、代码审核者在此过程中可以随时提出自己的疑问，同时积极发现隐藏的bug;对这些bug记录在案。 3、代码讲解完毕后，代码审核者给自己安排几个小时再对代码审核一遍。代码需要一行一行静下心看。同时代码又要全面的看，以确保代码整体上设计优良。 4、代码审核者根据审核的结果编写“代码审核报告”，“审核报告”中记录发现的问题及修改建议，然后把“审核报告”发送给相关人员。 5、代码编写者根据“代码审核报告”给出的修改意见，修改好代码，有不清楚的地方可积极向代码审核者提出。 6、代码编写者 bug fix完毕之后给出反馈。 7、代码审核者把Code Review中发现的有价值的问题更新到"代码审核检查表"的文档中，对于特别值得提醒的问题可群发email给所开发人员。 1.3 责任代码编写者，代码审核者共同对代码的质量承担责任。这样才能保证Code Review不是走过场，其中代码编写者承担主要责任，代码审核者承担次要责任。

SINUMERIK810D、840D参数体系及参数的调整

1. 西门子系统数据简介 810D、840D系统参数分为两个大类：机床数据、设定数据。（请参阅：SINUMERIK 810D 840D 简明调试手册- 2006版本）机床数据是用于生产、安装、调试用的数据，主要用于设定、匹配机床的主要数据。设定数据主要是机床在使用过程中需要设定的数据，是一些常用的用于调整机床使用性能的数据。其中机床数据有以下几种类型：通用机床数据、通道机床数据、用于驱动器的机床数据、用于操作面板的机床数据、轴专用机床数据；设定数据有以下几种类型：通用设定数据、通道专用设定数据、轴专用设定数据。数据的标识如下： $MM_用于操作面板的机床数据machine manipulate $MN_/$SN_通用机床数据/通用设定数据 $MC_/$SC_通道用机床数据/通道用设定数据machine channel/setting channel $MA_/$SA_轴专用机床数据轴machine axes /setting axes $MD 驱动器机床数据machine drive 表3－1西门子数控系统数据列表

2. 机床数据设定（请参阅：某数控机床SIEMENS810D系统参数备份） 1) 通用MD(General): MD10000:此参数设定机床所有物理轴，如X轴。通道MD(Channel Specific): MD20000 → 设定通道名CHAN1 MD20050[n] → 设定机床所用几何轴序号，几何轴为组成笛卡尔坐标系的轴 MD20060[n] → 设定所有几何轴名 MD20070[n] → 设定对于此机床存在的轴的轴序号 MD20080[n] → 设定通道内该机床编程用的轴名以上参数设定后，做一次NCK复位！ 2) 轴相关MD(Axis-specific): MD30130 -→设定轴指令端口=1 MD30240 -→设定轴反馈端口=1 如此二参数为“0”，则该轴为仿真轴。此时，再一次NCK复位，这是会出现300007报警。 3) 驱动数据设定配置驱动数据，由于驱动数据较多，对于MMC100.2必须借助“SIMODRIVE 611D START-UP TOOL”软件，而MMC103可直接在OP上进行，大致需要对以下几种参数设定： Location:设定驱动模块的位置 Drive:设定此轴的逻辑驱动号 Active:设定是否激活此模块配置完成并有效后，需存储一下（SAVE）-→OK 此时再做一次NCK复位。启动后显示300701报警。

如何让特定格式的文件在Windows下显示缩略图及预览

如何让特定格式的文件在Windows下显示缩略图及预览深圳市中科数码技术有限公司–研发部余浩2011-10-23yh@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2844694.html, 概述：在Windows中系统默认提供了对很多常见格式的文件的缩略图或预览，最典型的就是如jpg、bmp等格式的文件，让我们不用其他工具打开文件就可以知道文件的内容。对于其他特定格式的文件是不是也可以让其有这样的缩略图或预览功能呢，答案当然是肯定的。本文描述了在Window XP下和Windows 7下实现缩略图或预览功能的方法。下图为在Windows 7下实现缩略图和预览功能的效果图：一、Windows XP下实现缩略图功能 1.实现的原理在Windows XP下实现缩略图功能根本上就是实现IExtractImage、IExtractImage2和IPersistFile中的各种方法。上述接口中的各种方法都必须有相应的实现函数，函数如果没有具体内容可以返回E_NOTIMPL，代码如下： // IExtractImage

STDMETHOD(GetLocation)(LPWSTRpszPathBuffer, DWORDcchMax, DWORD *pdwPriority, const SIZE *prgSize, DWORDdwRecClrDepth, DWORD *pdwFlags); STDMETHOD(Extract)(HBITMAP*); // IExtractImage2 STDMETHOD(GetDateStamp)(FILETIME *pDateStamp); // IPersistFile STDMETHOD(Load)(LPCOLESTRwszFile, DWORDdwMode); STDMETHOD(GetClassID)(LPCLSIDclsid){return E_NOTIMPL;} STDMETHOD(IsDirty)(VOID) {return E_NOTIMPL;} STDMETHOD(Save)(LPCOLESTR, BOOL){return E_NOTIMPL;} STDMETHOD(SaveCompleted)(LPCOLESTR){return E_NOTIMPL;} STDMETHOD(GetCurFile)(LPOLESTRFAR*){return E_NOTIMPL;} 上述即只实现了四个方法GetLocation、Extract、GetDateStamp和Load，其他方法均返回E_NOTIMPL。 2.实现的方法在codeproject网上有一个例子，而且有一个VC6的工程向导。利用该向导并添加适当的代码就可以显示特定格式文件的缩略图。上文是对该例子的简化，原例子在Load方法中先在DC上绘图然后在保存HBITMAP，本文直接用GDI+的方法生成了一个HBITMAP（主要不同请查看Load方法具体实现的不同之处）。各方法的具体实现如下： HRESULT CGydTydPreviewExtractor::GetLocation(LPWSTR pszPathBuffer, DWORD cchMax, DWORD *pdwPriority, const SIZE *prgSize, DWORD dwRecClrDepth, DWORD *pdwFlags) { AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); m_bmSize = *prgSize; if (*pdwFlags & IEIFLAG_ASYNC) return E_PENDING; return NOERROR; } HRESULT CGydTydPreviewExtractor::Load(LPCOLESTR wszFile, DWORD dwMode) { AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); USES_CONVERSION;