文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 2009写作词汇

2009写作词汇

2009写作词汇
2009写作词汇

话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的), Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏), collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友), climb mountains(爬山), watch TV(看电视), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对…感兴趣), develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…), have love for(喜爱…), have a taste in(对…有兴趣) 等。

话题二:劳动与劳动观念Work(工作), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动),serve the people(为人民服务),heart and soul(全心全意),physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳动方式), honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于..), value(价值), earn money(赚钱) , personal interests(个人利益)等。

话题三:创建和谐社会harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等,help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源)等。No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。…can be achieved by hard

wok. …可以通过劳动获得。It is difficult to find work in the present situation. 在当前形势下,很难找到工作。It is honorable to ……是光荣的。If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …如果每个人为他人和社会做…,我们这个世界将会…。Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该…,为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。

话题四:招聘与求职employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履

历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), transcript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等,apply for(申请…), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在…方面熟练), be good at(擅长…), experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。

话题五:中学生的健康问题Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等,Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up one’s body/ improve one’s' health(强身健体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular

exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对…有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯) Breathe in as much fresh air等。

话题六:环境保护

Pollute(污染),Waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物),protect the environment(保护环境) ,send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air(散发出烟和有毒气体),cut down trees(砍伐树木),pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流),It is a shame to throw rubbish around. (乱扔垃圾是可耻的),form good habits to protect the surroundings(养成良好的习惯来保护环境),take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物),take good care of our forests(关心我们的森林),plant more trees to improve the environment (多植来改善环境),The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)

话题七:校园文明与安全问题School rules and regulations(学校规章制度),obey(遵守),

observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与…打架), punish sb. for (因…处罚某人)等。The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to …学校期望学生…。It must be made clear that the students should …必须明确的一点是,学生应该…。… is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to ... …是值得表扬的。It is shameful

to ……是可耻的。What we should do is that …我们应该做的事情是…

话题八:友谊get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), be loyal to(对…忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与…保持联系), keep company with sb.(和…结交), stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等。在描述此话题时常用的句型有:1. Friends give us …朋友给予我们…。 2. A good friend is someone you can …一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。3. The first time I met …, he was …当我第一次遇到…的时候,他…。 4. Frie ndship plays an important part in …友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。

5. You can … to be a good friend.你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。

6. We can turn to ... when we feel down. 当我们心情糟糕时,可以求助于…。

7. … makes a good friend.…成就好朋友。

8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。

9. ... is one of the things people value most in a friend. … 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。10. … have a friend of … years with sb.… 与… 有着…年的友情。

9.神州7

神舟号” Shenzhou (Divine Vessel) 神舟七号 Shenzhou VI载人飞

船 manned spaceship/ spacecraft 载人航天 manned space flight载人航天计

划 manned space program航天服 space suit 无人飞

船 unmanned spaceship / spacecraft 试验太空船 Experimental Spacecraft 多级火箭 multistage rocke 太空舱 capsul返回式卫星 recoverable satellite太空行走 space walk舱外活动(即“太空行走”)extra-vehicular activity(EVA)外太

空 outer space; deep space银河系 Milky Way发射卫星 launch a satellite轨道orbit人造卫星 artificial satellite

10.地震话题quick-hit (震区)shake 震动;摇晃tremor颤动;震动temblor [美语] 地震,hit 袭击、打击,使遭受,strike 突然发生;打击jolt 使颠簸,摇晃,rock 摇,摇动,使振动,roll across 波动,起伏,横摇,rip through 裂开,破开;突进,横撞直闯,damage 损害;损伤,destroy 毁坏,破坏;摧残,shatter 破坏;捣毁;破灭,devastate 蹂躏,破坏;使荒废;毁灭level 推倒,夷flatten 夷为平地,seismological 地震学上的,seismology 地震学,seismograph 地震仪,seismographer 地震学家,aftershock 余震,smaller tremors 小地震,epicenter 震中,magnitude 震级,Richter Scale(1-10) 里氏震级,at a scale of 7.8 on the Richter calculations 里氏7.8级地震,earthquake monitoring 地震监控,tsunami 海啸,rock and mud slides 泥石流,

warning system 海啸预警系统,tidal waves 潮汐波,浪潮,natural disaster 自然灾害,tragedy 灾难,wreckage 残骸,death toll 死亡人数

奥运英语作文有用词汇

save resources 节省资源advocate the management of resources倡导资源管理

guide, advance and supervise the implementation of the plan指导,促进和监督计划实施

hold consultation meetings 举办咨询会consultation service 咨询处

put forward valuable suggestions提出合理化建议offer to carry out the programs参与实施计划perfect services完善服务play a major role in easing traffic对缓解交通起重要作用participate in the reconstruction of the city参加城市重建

ensure the successful execution of projects确保计划成功实施

raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平

create a pleasant ecological environment建立良好生态环境

provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为大量野生动植物提供栖息地supply water and food for human beings为人类提供水和食物

pay greater attention to the conservation of forest非常注意保护森林

urge governments of all countries to take action极力主张各国政府采取行动

make an important step迈出重要一步reserve as natural farmland保留为自然耕地

bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people为当地人带来多种经济和社会效益

促进城市可持续发展promote the sustainable development of the city

完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure

达到大城市的水平reach the level of big cities

符合举办奥运会的要求meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games

优先发展公共运输give priority to the development of public transportation

减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles

实行严格的机动车辆排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards

实施严格的检查,维修制度carry out a strict system of inspection and maintenance

减少浪费reduce waste

加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control

覆盖树木和草地cover with trees and grass

提高公务员的综合素质improve the overall quality of civil servants

通过资格考试pass qualification examinations

促进相互了解enhance mutual understanding ;相互促进help each other forward

互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars ;交流经验exchange experience

承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations ;发挥---积极性bring o ne’s initiative into full play ;重视实用性place stress on practicality ;提供受教育机会offer a chance of education 有力的推动教育的发展give a big push to the development of education

保护和改善生活和生态环境protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment ;普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge

防治污染prevent and control pollution ;加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil ;享受国家一级保护enjoy first-class protection of the State ;保持生态平衡keep ecological balance ;加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city

采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique

开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals

赶超先进surpass the advanced ;增加农业投入invest more in agriculture ;扫除文盲eliminate illiteracy ;营造良好的文化环境create a healthy cultural environment

促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products

开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries ;博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries ;开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture ;保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage ;继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history ;繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish ;尊重知识,尊重人才respect knowledge and respect competent people

向世界展示中国的文化成就introduce China’s cul tural achievements to the world ;加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments ;提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle ;深化文化体制改革deepen the reform of the system of managing cultural undertaking ;推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization ;与各国人民交往communicate with people of all countries ;和---持相同观点share views similar to,

普及科普知识,传播科学思想,倡导科学精神popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit

从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise

优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior

保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers

深化改革deepen the reform让位于竞争需要give way to the need for competition

吸引外商投资attract foreign investment ;抓住机遇seize opportunities

适应---的发展adapt oneself to the development of;和---进一步合作further cooperation with 促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation;筹集足够的资金raise enough funds

承担风险bear risk ;十分重视attach importance to ;制定---法律make a law of

刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand ;打破垄断break the monopoly

加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition ;对---构成威胁pose a threat to

给予财政资助support financially ;给---造成经济损失cause a loss to

给---带来机遇和挑战bring both opportunities and challenges to

加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring

开发中国市场tap the Chinese market ;阻碍---的发展handicap the development

有望达到be expected to reach ;占领市场10%occupy 10 percent of the market

缩小---间的距离narrow the gap between ;减轻---的负担lighten the burden of

采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to ;加快努力speed up efforts to

面对可能的压力和竞争face possible pressure and competition

发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages,扩大消费市场expand consumption market

改善投资环境improve the environment for investment

扩大贫富差距widen the gap between the rich and the poor

为---提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities,快速稳定增长grow fast and steadily 遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economy,根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation ;和---有合作关系have cooperative ties with

进行和谈hold peace talks ;在---中起重要作用play a major role in

对---做出重大贡献make important contributions to,解决新问题resolve new problems

观察当今世界observe the present-day world ;增强凝聚力enhance the rally power

保持生机和活力maintain the vigor and vitality;把---看成社会公敌look upon--- as a threat to society ;把---捐给慈善机构donate --- to charities ;维护世界和平maintain world peace

摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness ;实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity ;对---具有深远影响have a far-reaching impact of

面对---明显的缺陷face up to the obvious defects of;进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment ;防止腐败prevent corruption;提高工资raise the salaries

计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level;和平共处coexist peacefully

对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally;日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous ;快速发展develop rapidly ;隆重集会gather ceremoniously

追求进步pursue progress ;展望光明前景look to the bright future

回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle ;展望伟大征程look into the great journey

充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength;战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties ;赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another ;面貌焕然一新put on an entirely new look ;实现民族独立realize national independence ;开创---的事业create the cause of ;进入新时期enter a new period ;实行新政策practice new policies

增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness ;进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world

解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing ;吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations ;建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense

12.奶粉事件:三鹿Sanlu,三聚氰胺melamine,结石门Kidney Stones Gate,婴幼儿配方奶粉baby formula,奶粉Milk Powde,奶农dairy farmers,乳制品行业Dairy Industry,母乳喂奶breast-feed (vs bottle-feed) ,食品安全food safety,假冒伪劣产品counterfeited products ,中国驰名商标top China brand,国家免检产品national inspection-free product ,国家质检总局State Quality Inspection Administration ,中国制造Made in China,奥运会与残奥会Olympics & Paralympics

高考英语作文常用句型及短语

1、学校生活及学习成绩

Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好

take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程

have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …

put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于be interested in …对感兴趣be fond of喜欢like chemistry best 最喜欢化学be good at …擅长; be poor at …在很差; do well in …擅长; be weak in …在很差

make progress in …在进步了; fail in …不及格,’ be tired of …’对感到厌倦pass the examination考试及格;major in history 主修历史

He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。

get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位be more interesting to sb. learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;

work out a (maths) pr oblem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English)英语考到90分; get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…掌握好lay a good foundation in (language study)打下好的基础

2、师生关系

get on well with sb; like to be with students;be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils; be strict in work

We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth; praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..

give advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …

correct the s tudents’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;

try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;

teach sb to do sth. devote all one’s time to work;admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education

佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。

3、课余活动及周末生活

spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;

go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore); see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin); play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip; get everything ready for; ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);

4、彼此沟通信息

take a message for sb; send a message to sb; hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth; get information about…;express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情); Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说... ,apologize to sb for…thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to

be …;

take sb’s side

5、事件中人的态度

would like to do; allow sb to do;

keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);

call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);

fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;

speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;

force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;

regret doing;

prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;

would rather (not) do.

6、事情过程

have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;

make up one’s mind to do;

prepare sb for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual;

do what he wants us to do; set about d o ing;

try one’s best to do…=go all out to do;

get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;

wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb;

show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …;

I’m trying to find…;

I’m afraid we are out of …;

pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;

can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people;

be prepared for more hard work;

Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.

7、感观活动与思维活动

look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;

take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …;

take view of …; have a good understanding of …;

consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;

realize that …; know that +从句

8、情感与欲望

be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…;

take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;

feel surprised at …

be sorry for …; be angry with sb for sth;

be angry about …(为某事生气);

look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;

lo n g for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;

have a strong desire to do …;

9、健康状况及治疗

be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;

feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever; have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;

have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes); It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…; save one’s life

10、其它

It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;

be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;

miss the lecture (train); change…into…;

waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;

have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;

be mistaken about …; fall behind…; catch up with;

on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;

Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.

Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.

11、信件开头常用语

You letter came to me this morning.

I have received your letter of July the 20th.

I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. I’m wri ting to ask if you can come next week.

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.

Thank you for your letter.

In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;

Let me tell you that…

12、信件结尾常用语

Please remember me to your whole family.

Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.

Best wishes.

With love.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)

Looking forward to your next visit to China.

Looking forward to the plea s ure of meeting you.

Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

13、问路和应答

Go down this street

Turn night/left at the first crossing

It’s about…meters from here

You can’t miss it

In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)

Pass two blocks

:“游客纷至沓来”这句话,很多学生不能用英语写出“纷至沓来”这个成语,但是可以用以下几种表达方式:

⑴A large number of visitors come here

⑵There are lots of visitors coming here every day

⑶Many people visit here every day

⑷A lot of people pay a visit here every day

多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯

表列举:for example、for instance、that is to say

表补充:besides、in addition、moreover

表对比:on the one hand…on the other hand

in spite of

表原因:because of、thanks to、due to、owing to

表结果:therefore、thus、as a result、so

表结论:to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up

表转折:however、nevertheless、yet

高考英语作文常用写作句式句型汇总

一.开头用语:

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论论文:

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信:

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.

D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口头通知或介绍情况:

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿:

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二.并列用语:

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语:

on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 递进用语:

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例证用语:

in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fac t, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 时序用语:

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 强调用语:

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用语:

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of...,

owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 总结用语:

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

常用句型

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among peop le as to……Some people suggest that

……

2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it

is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…….

4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。

Nowadays,it is common to ……. Many people like ……because ……Besides,……

5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ……is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……

People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say

that ……To them,……

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。

Ma n is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

……has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph,it

can be seen that……while. Obviously,……but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。

On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they say……

2. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,……Worst

of all,…….

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……

……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,……What's

more, ……Most important of all,……

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……

5. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面,Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….

For one thing,For another,

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All

these measures will certainly…….

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……

Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The

third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….

8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has

its own disadvantages, such as ……

9. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:

I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I

think that ……

2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.

3. 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

4. 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because……

5. 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。

Wit h the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better

and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……;第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First

……second …… Last but not least,……

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。

It is difficult to say whethe r ……is good or not in general as it depends

very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view

find……

9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion

that……

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable

result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型:

开头:

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点:

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点:

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式:

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子:

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用:

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体),this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因:

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比:

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下:

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步:

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾:

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

考研最常用的高级写作亮点词汇

动词: 促进:boost; augment; 增加增大 bolster; enhance; give an impetus to; promote 涌向:throng to 导致:lead to; result in; bring about; provoke; induce; engender; 努力;奋发:take pains to do sth 奏效,行得通: work 抛弃:discard; chuck away; dispense with; dispose of 降低…的重要性:play down 对…有影响:have bearing on; 对…有发言权:have a say in… 倾向于:be apt to 取得优势:win an edge 选择:opt for 对…做出解释:account for 保持现状:preserve/maintain the status quo 获胜;占上风:prevail over; outweigh; outnumber 被…超过;和。。。相比黯然失色:be eclipsed by 形成:take shape 来自于:derive from; 有利于:serve the interest of; be beneficial to; be conducive to 发泄…情感:give vent to 引发:spark 理解;搞清楚…:make sense of; understand 倾向于…;往往…:be prone to; tend to; be apt to 应该:be supposed to; be obliged to; should 资助:subsidize 拥有:boast 在…之间取得平衡:strike a balance between… 挖掘…的潜力:tap one’s potential 考虑到: in the light of; take into account of; considering 强加给:inflict pain on 依靠…为生:live off 耗尽;缺少:deplete 从事;着手:embark on 剥夺:deprive of 犯罪:commit a crime 处于…地位:stand at a(n) …position 名词: 单一价值观:uniformity of values 文化多样性:cultural diversity 影响:influence; impact 相关当局:the authorities concerned 常识:common sense 蓬勃发展:boom; 民族: a people; peoples 居民区:residential center 孔子: Confucius 儒教:Confucianism

文献综述规范及范文

贵州大学人民武装学院2012届本科毕业生 毕业论文(设计)文献综述撰写规范 为了培养学生独立从事学术研究的能力,特别是培养学生检索、搜集、整理、综合利用学术文献资料,根据所研究课题对文献资料进行有效的归纳、分析、总结的能力,提高独立工作能力和科研能力,并为科研活动奠定扎实的基础,本科毕业生在完成毕业论文(设计)的同时必须相应完成一篇文献综述。 一、文献综述的基本要求 1.毕业论文(设计)文献综述是指学生在毕业论文(设计)研究课题或研究题目(初步)确定后,通过搜集、整理、阅读国内外相关学术文献资料,就与该课题或题目直接相关的主要研究成果、学术意义、研究方法、研究动态、最新进展等问题进行归纳总结、综合分析后所做的简要评述。 2.毕业论文(设计)文献综述所评述的学术文献必须与学生所撰写论文保持大体上的一致,必须对可能影响所撰写论文主要论点、政策建议或反驳依据等主要学术结论的相关文献及其主要论断做出清晰、准确、流畅的说明,必须保证综述本身结构的完整性,能够反映学生的利用学术文献的综合能力。 3.毕业论文(设计)文献综述是学生撰写毕业论文(设计)过程的有机组成部分,必须在论文指导教师的指导下完成;文献综述必须按学校要求的基本规范撰写;论文类题目提交3000字左右的文献综述,设计类题目提交2000字左右的设计方案报告;文献综述的成绩综合纳入学生毕业论文(设计)成绩之中,未完成毕业论文(设计)文献综述的学生不得参加毕业论文(设计)答辩。 二、文献综述的基本格式 文献综述是针对某一研究领域或专题搜集大量文献资料的基础上,就国内外在该领域或专题的主要研究成果、最新进展、研究动态、前沿问题等进行综合分析而写成的、能比较全面的反映相关领域或专题历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容的综述性文章。“综”是要求对文献资料进行综合分析、归纳整理,使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次;“述”就是要求对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的评述。

综合写作分类词汇

综合写作分类词汇 history society imperialism帝国主义web-based以网络为基础 的cornerstone基础,地基sound effect声音效果 massacre残杀,大屠杀; 彻底击败mental development 精神发展 slave trade奴隶买卖socialbility社会性anchor锚non-physiological非生理的inscribe题写,题献sympathetic交感神经的genus类,种,属parasympathetic副交感神经的disperse散布,驱散neurological regulatory system 神经系统调节 vocalize发声water vapor水蒸气 ritual仪式的,典礼的ice crystal冰点 staple主食criteria标准 maize玉米pesticide杀虫剂construction material 建筑材料fertilizer肥料 prehistoric陈旧的,史前的genetic modification 基因变异agrarian农耕的certification承认,确认dwelling居住地,住所synthetic合成的irrigation灌溉priority优先顺序royal tomb王室墓穴profit maximiztion利润最大化archaeological site 考古现场intercity城市间的

artifact手工制品preferred stock优先股 radiocarbon dating 放射性碳年代测 定 ownership所有权 organic material 有机物board of directors董事会 mass production 大规模生产profitability收益 abundant丰富的privatization私有化,民营 化imprisonment入狱cast a vote投票autobiography自传ballot投票用纸memoir回忆录disabled残疾的,有残 疾的 family line家族,家系eligible voter选民 accessibility易接近性 electoral fraud不正当选举 block禁止,阻止 distribution流通传播 security maintenance 安全维护 capacity容量 public welfare公共福利 altruistic利他的 youth organization青少年团体 judicial system司法体系 sentence宣告,判刑 sanatorium疗养院 mandate授权

公文写作常用语言词汇大全

公文写作常用语言词汇大全 常用短语 全面分析全面贯彻持续推进全面落实/实施逐步扭转基本形成普遍增加基本建立更加完备(完善) 明显提高(好转) 进一步形成不断加强(增效,深化) 大幅提高显著改善(增强) 日趋完善比较充分 立足当前着眼长远自觉按规律办事 抓住机遇应对挑战 量力而行尽力而为 有重点分步骤全面推进统筹兼顾综合治理融入全过程、贯穿各方面切实抓好/减轻扎实推进加快发展持续增收积极稳妥落实从严控制严格执行坚决制止明确职责 高举旗帜坚定不移牢牢把握积极争取深入开展注重强化 规范改进积极发展努力建设依法实行积极稳妥 良性互动优势互补率先发展互惠互利 做深做细做实不动摇不放弃不改变不妥协 常用动词 积累推进推动健全统领协调统筹转变提高推进实现适应改革创新扩大加强促进巩固保障方向取决于完善加快振兴崛起分工扶持改善调整优化解决宣传教育发挥支持带动帮助深化规范强化统筹指导服务健全确保维护优先贯彻实施深化保证鼓励引导坚持深化强化监督管理开展规划整合理顺推行纠正严格满足推广遏制整治保护健全丰富夯实树立尊重制约适应发扬拓宽拓展规范改进形成逐步实现调整规范坚持,调节取缔调控指导把握弘扬借鉴倡导培育打牢武装凝

聚激发说服感召尊重包容树立培育发扬提倡营造促进唱响主张弘扬通达引导疏导着眼吸引塑造搞好履行倾斜惠及简化衔接调处关切汇集分析排查协商化解动员联动激发增进汲取检验保护鼓励完善宽容增强融洽凝聚汇集筑牢考验进取凝聚设置吸纳造就 常用名词 关系力度速度反映诉求形势任务重要性紧迫性本质属性重要保证总体布局战略任务内在要求重要进展决策部署集约化结合点突出地位最大限度指导思想科学性协调性体制机制基本方略理念意识基本路线基本纲领秩序基本经验出发点落脚点要务核心主体积极因素水平方针结构力度增量比重规模标准办法主体作用特色差距渠道方式主导纽带主体载体制度需求能力负担体系重点资源职能倾向秩序途径活力项目工程政策项目竞争力环境素质权 利利益权威氛围职能作用事权需要规模能力基础比重长效机制举措要素精神根本地位成果核心精神力量纽带思想理想活力信念信心风尚意识主旋律正气热点情绪内涵管理格局准则网络稳定安全支撑局面环境关键保证本领突出位置敏锐性针对性有效性覆盖面特点规律阵地政策措施制度保障水平紧迫任务合力法制化规范化制度化程序化公文写作中常用同义词辨析 公文是处理公务的一种重要的文字工具,在制作过程中,对公文常用同义词语的选用是一件煞费苦心的事,下面从常用同义词中选取几组进行辨析。 截止与截至“截止”是指“到一定期限停止”,如“报名在昨天已经截止”,“截至”是截止到某个时候,如“报名日期截至本月底止”。在“截至”中“截”的意思就是“截止”,而“至”则是“到”的意思,所以“截至”就是“截止到”的意思,例如“北京市申办2000年夏季奥运会得到了北京市人大代表和政

材料写作常用词汇短语集锦

材料写作常用词汇短语集锦 1常用排比 最常用的三字词:可概括为性、感、多、点,不、化、新、力。 A、XX性:重要性、紧迫性、自觉性、主动性、坚定性、民族性、时代性、实践性、针对性、全局性、前瞻性、战略性、积极性、创造性、长期性、复杂性、艰巨性、可讲性、鼓动性、计划性、敏锐性、有效性; B、XX感:责任感、紧迫感、危机感、认同感、荣誉感、成就感; C、多XX:多层次、多方面、多途径、多渠道、多措施、多力量、多元素。 D、XX点:出发点、切入点、突破点、落脚点、着眼点、结合点、关键点、着重点、着力点、根本点、支撑点; E、不XX:不松劲、不懈怠、不退缩、不畏难、不罢手、不动摇、不放弃、不改变、不妥协; F、XX化:法制化、规范化、制度化、程序化、集约化、正常化、有序化、智能化、优质化、常态化、科学化、年轻化、知识化、专业化; G、新XX:新水平、新境界、新举措、新发展、新突破、新成绩、新成效、新方法、新成果、新形势、新要求、新期待、新关系、新体制、新机制、新知识、新本领、新进展、新实践、新风貌、新事物、新高度; H、XX力:活动力、控制力、影响力、创造力、凝聚力、战斗力、感

染力、亲活力; J、XX心:热心、耐心、诚心、决心、核心、内心、外心、中心、甘心、攻心,进取心、责任心、上进心、公仆心; K、XX意识:政治意识、组织意识、大局意识、忧患意识、责任意识、法律意识、廉洁意识、学习意识、上进意识、管理意识; L、XX点:找准出发点、把握切入点、明确落脚点、找准落脚点、抓住切入点、把握着重点、找准切入点、把握着力点、抓好落脚点; M、其他:激发巨大热情,凝聚无穷力量,催生丰硕成果,展现全新魅力。当前工作要有新水平、队伍建设要有新面貌、廉政建设要有新举措、自身建设要有新发展、内部管理要有新突破。政治认同、理论认同、感情认同;历史的必然、现实的选择、未来的方向。 2常用短语 立足当前,着眼长远,自觉按规律办事 抓住机遇,应对挑战,勇敢顺潮流而为 突出重点,分步实施,找准切入点实施 全面推进,统筹兼顾,综合治理,融入其中,贯穿始终,切实抓好,扎实推进,加快发展,持续增收,积极稳妥,狠抓落实,从严控制,严格执行,坚决制止,明确职责,高举旗帜,坚定不移,牢牢把握,积极争取,深入开展,注重强化,规范程序,改进作风,积极发展,努力建设,依法实行,良性互动,优势互补,率先发展,互惠互利,做深、做细、做实、全面分析,全面贯彻,持续推进,全面落实、全

文献综述的写作要求内容

文献综述的写作要求 1、文献综述的格式 文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果,而文献综述介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样,但总的来说,一般都包含以下四部分:即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲,再根据提纲进行撰写工作。 前言,要用简明扼要的文字说明写作的目的、必要性、有关概念的定义,综述的围,阐述有关问题的现状和动态,以及目前对主要问题争论的焦点等。前言一般200-300字为宜,不宜超过500字。 正文,是综述的重点,写法上没有固定的格式,只要能较好地表达综合的容,作者可创造性采用诸多形式。正文主要包括论据和论证两个部分,通过提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,比较不同学者对同一问题的看法及其理论依据,进一步阐明问题的来龙去脉和作者自己的见解。当然,作者也可从问题发生的历史背景、目前现状、发展方

向等提出文献的不同观点。正文部分可根据容的多少可分为若干个小标题分别论述。 小结,是结综述正文部分作扼要的总结,作者应对各种观点进行综合评价,提出自己的看法,指出存在的问题及今后发展的方向和展望。容单纯的综述也可不写小结。 参考文献,是综述的重要组成部分。一般参考文献的多少可体现作者阅读文献的广度和深度。对综述类论文参考文献的数量不同杂志有不同的要求,一般以30条以为宜,以最近3-5年的最新文献为主。 2、文献综述规定 1. 为了使选题报告有较充分的依据,要求硕士研究生在论文开题之前作文献综述。 2. 在文献综述时,研究生应系统地查阅与自己的研究方向有关的国外文献。通常阅读文献不少于30篇,且文献搜集要客观全面 3. 在文献综述中,研究生应说明自己研究方向的发展历史,前人的主要研究成果,存在的问题及发展趋势等。 4. 文献综述要条理清晰,文字通顺简练。 5. 资料运用恰当、合理。文献引用用方括号[ ]括起来

雅思写作话题分类词汇(全)

雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率:★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习(教学)10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2914076.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值

公文写作词语大全87022

1、常用排比 最常用的三字词:可概括为性、感、多、点,不、化、新、力。 A、XX性:重要性、紧迫性、自觉性、主动性、坚定性、民族性、时代性、实践性、针对性、全局性、前瞻性、战略性、积极性、创造性、长期性、复杂性、艰巨性、可讲性、鼓动性、计划性、敏锐性、有效性; B、XX感:责任感、紧迫感、危机感、认同感、荣誉感、成就感; C、多XX:多层次、多方面、多途径、多渠道、多措施、多力量、多元素。 D、XX点:出发点、切入点、突破点、落脚点、着眼点、结合点、关键点、着重点、着力点、根本点、支撑点; E、不XX:不松劲、不懈怠、不退缩、不畏难、不罢手、不动摇、不放弃、不改变、不妥协; E、XX化:法制化、规范化、制度化、程序化、集约化、正常化、有序化、智能化、优质化、常态化、科

学化、年轻化、知识化、专业化、系统性、时效性; F、新XX:新水平、新境界、新举措、新发展、新突破、新成绩、新成效、新方法、新成果、新形势、新要求、新期待、新关系、新体制、新机制、新知识、新本领、新进展、新实践、新风貌、新事物、新高度; G、XX力:活动力、控制力、影响力、创造力、凝聚力、战斗力、感染力、亲活力; 热心、耐心、诚心、决心、红心、真心、公心、柔心、铁心、上心、用心、痛心、童心、好心、专心、坏心、爱心、良心、关心、核心、内心、外心、中心、忠心、衷心、甘心、攻心,进取心、责任心、上进心、公仆心; 政治意识、组织意识、大局意识、忧患意识、责任意识、法律意识、廉洁意识、学习意识、上进意识、管理意识; 找准出发点、把握切入点、明确落脚点、找准落脚点、抓住切入点、把握着重点、找准切入点、把握着力点、抓好落脚点;

公文写作常用词汇较全

【行政材料用词积累】 1、“以...为XX”:为基础(基点)、为核心(中心)、为根本、为重点、为举措(手段)、为载体(平台)、为保障(保证\后盾)、为契机、为总揽、为抓手、为目标、为动力、为依托、为突破、为目的、为关键、为先导、为宗旨、为支撑、为指导、为导向、为方向、为驱动、为主体、为补充、为标准、为主线、为主题。 2、三字“为”:为立足点、为出发点、为切入点、突破口、为落脚点、闪光点、结合点、根本点、增长点、着力点、动力点、关键点。 3、三字“于”:立足于、着眼于、贯穿于。 4、“渐进类”词语:日益、日趋、日惭、日臻、不断、逐步、稳步、深化、深入、推进、推动、促进。 5、“建立类及程度类”词语:探索、实行、建立、健全、构建、打造、争创、创建、规范、完善、创新、强化、加大、加强、加快、加速、加紧、严格、突出。 6、“四导”:宣传倡导、服务指导、示范引导、监管督导。 7、“新XXX”:新机制、新路子、新模式、新环境、新载体、新途径、新突破、新优势、新方向、新跨越、新发展、新趋势、新期待、新局面、新格局、新成就、新变化、新面貌。 8、吹响集结号、齐奏交响乐、共谱和谐曲。 9、念好联字经、架起连心桥、铺就致富路、奏响和谐曲。

10、组合类:探索新路子、创新新模式、实现新突破、推动新跨越、促进新发展。 11、建立工作新机制、明确发展新方向、拓展增收新途径、积聚建设新优势、探索试点新路子。 12、启示类:两字类:是前提、是基础、是关键、是核心、是保证。四字类:前提条件、基础保证、关键环节、核心所在、有效举措、重要手段、有效载体。 13、时期类:关键时期、重要时期、攻坚时期。 14、重要类:重要源泉、重要支撑、重要因素、重要阶段、重要力量、重点途径。 15、战略机遇期、发展加速期、结构转型期、攻坚爬坡期。 【机关公文常用词句大全】 常用之“新”:新水平、新境界、新举措、新发展、新突破、新成绩、新成效、新方法、新成果、新形势、新要求、新期待、新关系、新体制、新机制、新知识、新本领、新进展、新实践、新风貌、新事物、新高度。 常用之“性”:重要性,紧迫性,自觉性、主动性、坚定性、民族性、时代性、实践性、针对性、全局性、前瞻性、战略性、积极性、创造性、长期性、复杂性、艰巨性、可讲性、鼓动性、计划性、敏锐性、有效性"。

文献综述的写作要求及封面

杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院 本科毕业设计(论文)文献综述的写作要求 为了促使学生熟悉更多的专业文献资料,进一步强化学生搜集文献资料的能力,提高对文献资料的归纳、分析、综合运用能力及独立开展科研活动的能力,现对本科学生的毕业设计(论文)提出文献综述的写作要求,具体要求如下: 一、文献综述的概念 文献综述是针对某一研究领域或专题搜集大量文献资料的基础上,就国内外在该领域或专题的主要研究成果、最新进展、研究动态、前沿问题等进行综合分析而写成的、能比较全面地反映相关领域或专题历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容的综述性文章。“综”是要求对文献资料进行综合分析、归纳整理,使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次;“述”就是要求对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的评述。 二、撰写文献综述的基本要求 文献综述主要用以介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。除综述题目外,其内容一般包含以下四部分:即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲,再根据提纲进行撰写工作。 前言部分,主要是说明写作的目的,介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围,扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。 主题部分,是综述的主体,其写法多样,没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述,也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料进行归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述。主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。 总结部分,将全文主题进行扼要总结,提出自己的见解并对进一步的发展方向做出预测。 参考文献,它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据,而且也为评审者审查提供查找线索。参考文献的编排应条目清楚,查找方便,内容准确无误。参考文献的书写格式与毕业论文相同。 三、撰写文献综述的基本注意事项 1.在文献综述时,应系统地查阅与自己的研究方向直接相关的国内外文献。搜集文献应尽量全,尽量选自学术期刊或学术会议。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提。

雅思写作分类词汇大全

雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2914076.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2914076.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2914076.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa2914076.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代

网文小说写作常用词语汇总

一:头发 老者:白发如霜、白发如银、粗硬、鹤发童颜、两鬓苍苍、两鬓染霜、满头银发、银发、白发苍苍、少年白发、两鬓斑白、银丝、满鬓微霜、鬓发皓然、皤然、鹤发 女子:蝴蝶髻、披肩发、披肩长发(长长的黑色卷发,如瀑布般披在胸前,性感妩媚。)、齐眉的刘海、长辫垂胸、羊角辫、鬓角卷发 发质:柔软的头发、头发乌润、乌发如云、乌黑油亮、乌亮、油亮光洁、头发乌润、发辫乌黑、滑腻柔软 一般:凌乱、刘海、蓬松 男子:丑角:蓬头垢面、披头散发、头发稀疏、秃头、稀疏、微秃、光秃、秃亮、头顶秃(地中海秃/O形秃/圆形秃)、前额秃(M形秃、U形秃/马蹄形秃)、乱蓬蓬、蓬头垢面、分岔断裂 白发斑斑、白发苍苍、辫子、刺猬头、鹤发、剪着平头、刘海儿、留着背头、满头青丝、蓬蓬松松、、蓬松的短发、披肩发、蓄着分头学生发、整齐、自然卷发 二:眉毛 动作:挑、扬、轩皱、蹙、颦、揪、锁、拢、攒舒展、松横、竖 样式:剑眉(倒八字,正义)、英眉、卧蚕眉(英武男,关羽)、罗汉眉(卷曲眉)、柳叶眉、扫帚眉、一字眉、秀眉、金色眉、柳叶眉(化妆后的)、新月眉(曲眉)、蛾眉(蛾眉凤眼,杏脸桃腮)、竖眉

粗眉、细眉、浓眉、疏眉、弯眉、烟眉、、ㄟ字眉、三角眉、鬼眉、尖刀眉、枯眉、狮眉、龙眉、八字眉、吊丧眉、 两眉入鬓、柳眉淡描、眉如新月、眉耸春山、眉同翠羽、眉宇修长、眉清目秀、眉清目朗、眉如春山、眉如卧蚕、青眉如黛、浓眉如炭、细眉长睫、纤眉如画、蛾眉淡扫、柳眉弯弯、剑眉入鬓 形容:粗黑、粗长、墨黑、浓黑、浓重、细长、修长美丽、又粗又浓、长眉似雪、黛眉 情感:愁眉不展、慈眉善目、柳眉倒竖、剑眉倒竖、贼眉鼠眼、双眉高挑、 三:鼻子 美鼻:鼻孔饱满、鼻梁挺直、鼻子端正、又尖尖的鼻子、挺鼻如峰、高鼻梁、又高又直的鼻子、高鼻梁尖尖的鼻子、细巧挺秀、小巧、秀美、端正阔大、端庄秀丽、微翘、 丑角:鼻尖扁平、鼻青脸肿、鼻似弯钩、鼻头微勾、鼻歪脸肿、鼻子扁阔、鼻子粗短、朝天鼻、拱梁大鼻、酒糟鼻、宽鼻阔嘴、狮子鼻、蒜头鼻、塌鼻梁、鹰钩鼻、又遍又平的鼻子、 动作:鼻孔朝天、咽气、舒气、断气、喘气、喘息、窒息、气急、喷嚏、奄奄、咻咻、哼哧、呼哧、气吁吁、气呼呼、气咻咻、喘嘘嘘。 四:嘴、牙 美角:白而发亮的牙齿、齿白唇红、唇方口正、唇红如血、唇如胭脂、红唇、红润、棱角分明、满口银牙、抿着小嘴、樱桃小嘴、朱唇、朱唇皓齿、樱桃

考研英语写作亮点词汇

写作亮词 1. superior to others高人一等 2. The large scale development of West China is of profound significance西部大开发具有深远意义 3. revitalize our nation实现我们民族的伟大复兴 4. lag behind(发展)滞后 5. the opening-up policies 开放政策 6. lure more foreign capital吸引更多的外资 7. leav e… far behind 把…远远地甩到后边 8. In addition, the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development 另外,西部极为不利的地理位置限制了其自身的发展。 9. subsistence problem温饱问题 10. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.这种状况若不改变的话,西部的落后将极大地影响共同富裕的目标甚至社会稳定。 11. However, the western region development is a long-term systematic project.然而,西部开发是一个长期的系统工程。 12.It calls for tremendous efforts of several generations.它需要几代人的共同努力。 13.economic prosperity 经济繁荣 14. social progress社会进步 15.political stability政治稳定 16. beautiful landscape风光秀丽 17.a deep-rooted concept一个根深蒂固的观念 18. materialistic society物质社会 19.be concerned about关心 20. the sense of achievement成就感

开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译写作要求技巧

开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、论文反抄袭软件、论文目录,就差论文正文了,其他都全了!! 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面: (一)论文名称 论文名称就是课题的名字 第一,名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么,研究的对象是什么交待清楚,论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致,不能太大,也不能太小,要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。 第二,名称要简洁,不能太长。不管是论文或者课题,名称都不能太长,能不要的字就尽量不要,一般不要超过20个字。 (二)论文研究的目的、意义 研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述,指出现实当中存在这个问题,需要去研究,去解决,本论文的研究有什么实际作用,然后,再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点,有针对性一点,不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括:⑴研究的有关背景(课题的提出):即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。⑵通过分析本地(校)的教育教学实际,指出为什么要研究该课题,研究的价值,要解决的问题。 (三)本论文国内外研究的历史和现状(文献综述)。 规范些应该有,如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括:掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的成果;寻找有待进一步研究的问题,从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点)、研究的特色或突破点。 (四)论文研究的指导思想 指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向,符合什么要求等,这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论,也可以是政府的教育发展规划,也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。 (五)论文写作的目标 论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的,要解决哪些具体问题,也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标:即本论文写作的目标定位,确定目标时要紧扣课题,用词要准确、精练、明了。 常见存在问题是:不写研究目标;目标扣题不紧;目标用词不准确;目标定得过高, 对预定的目标没有进行研究或无法进行研究。 确定论文写作目标时,一方面要考虑课题本身的要求,另一方面要考率实际的工作条件与工作水平。 (六)论文的基本内容 研究内容要更具体、明确。并且一个目标可能要通过几方面的研究内容来实现,他们不一定是一一对应的关系。大家在确定研究内容的时候,往往考虑的不是很具体,写出来的研究内容特别笼统、模糊,把写作的目的、意义当作研究内容。 基本内容一般包括:⑴对论文名称的界说。应尽可能明确三点:研究的对象、研究的问题、研究的方法。⑵本论文写作有关的理论、名词、术语、概念的界说。 (七)论文写作的方法 具体的写作方法可从下面选定:观察法、调查法、实验法、经验总结法、个案法、比较研究法、文献资料法等。 (八)论文写作的步骤 论文写作的步骤,也就是论文写作在时间和顺序上的安排。论文写作的步骤要充分考虑研究

高中英语话题写作必备词汇分类总结

高三英语话题写作必备词汇 一、人品人物 【必备词句】 年龄 (1)a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩 (2)a boy aged five 一个五岁的男孩 (3)in my teens /twenties在我十/二十多岁时 (4)at the age of five在五岁时 (5)As a child, I liked to... 我小时候喜欢…… 出生 (1)was born in ... 出生在…… (2)be/come from a wealthy family出生于富裕人家 (3)was born into a peasant family出生于一个农民家庭 外表 (1)a 1.80-meter-tall boy 一个高1.8米的男孩 (2)overweight胖的;thin瘦的;slim苗条的;strong强壮的 (3)look young for one’s age 显得比实际年龄年轻 (4)good-looking 长得好看; plain-looking 长得一般 (5)well dressed 穿得漂亮; neatly dressed 衣着干净整洁 能力 (1)efficient办事高效率的 (2)intelligent有智力的;creative 富创造力的 (3)a boy with great ability 能干的男孩 (4)a qualified teacher 一名合格的教师 (5)speak fluent English 讲流利的英语 (6)have a gift for = have a talent for 有……的天赋 (7)be skilled in 在……方面熟练 (8)be experienced in 在……方面有经验 健康 (1)be in good health/shape/condition 身体健康 (2)energetic精力充沛的;well-built身材健美的

初中作文亮点词汇及常用词组

一、高分亮点词汇、短语 1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。 23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to… 34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

关于文献综述的写作方法、要求及注意事项

文献综述的写作方法、要求及注意事项文献综述在大学生毕业论文工作中占有重要地位,文献综述的好坏对毕业论文能否顺利开题起着关键的作用,并直接影响到毕业论文(设计)的写作质量。文献综述也是我院本科毕业论文工作中最容易出问题的环节之一。本文是我根据自己掌握的部分资料整理出的一篇材料,供各位指导教师参考。 一、文献综述 文献综述指大学生在毕业论文开题前,在全面搜集、阅读大量相关专题的研究文献的基础上,对所研究的问题(学科、专题)在一定时期内已经取得的研究成果、存在问题以及新的发展趋势等进行的系统、全面的叙述和评论。所谓“综”即收集“百家”之言,综合分析整理;“述”即结合作者的观点和实践经验对文献的观点、结论进行叙述和评论。一篇好的文献综述,应该能够以系统的分析评价和有根据的趋势预测,为毕业论文的开题报告提供强有力的支持。 二、毕业生写作文献综述的意义 文献综述的写作是本科学生毕业设计(论文)创作中一次重要的研究实践活动。 要求毕业生撰写文献综述具有以下意义: (1)了解前人关于这一课题研究的基本情况。研究工作最根本的特点就是要有创造性,而不是重复别人走过的路。熟悉前人对本课题的研究情况,可以避免重复研究的无效劳动,可以站在前人的基础上,从事更高层次、更有价值的研究。 (2)掌握与课题相关的基础理论知识。理论基础扎实,研究工作才能有一个坚实的基础,没有理论基础的研究很难深入下去,很难有真正的创造。 (3)提高毕业生的归纳、分析、综合能力,也有利于其独立工作能力和科研能力的提高。 三、文献综述的基本特征 文献综述的基本特征主要表现为以下三个方面: 第一,综合性。文献综述是对某一时期同一课题的所有主要研究成果的综合概括。因此,要尽可能把所有重要研究成果搜集到手,并作认真的加工、整理和分析,使各种流派的观点清楚明晰,不要遗漏重要的流派和观点。

考研写作核心词汇分类总结

考研写作核心词汇分类总结 (红宝书编辑) 一、媒体类 1. paparazzi狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusivenews 独家新闻 8. news agency新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道

13. do reportageon … 报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy值得报道的 21. barometer晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀

28. sitcom情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair绯闻 34. celebrity名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻

相关文档