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船长大副英文面试问题及参考答案

船长/大副英文面试问题及参考答案

船长是船上最重要的职位，也是各方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最

认真，最浪费时间，也是最复杂的。作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中的部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。

1. Can you tellme about your education background? Please refer to an Master’s self-introduction in Part One of this book. 实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。

2. What is aclassification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Pleaselist some famous classification societies in the world. A classification society is usually an independentorganization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys,surveys related to notarial matters for ships, offshore installations, marinefreight containers, materials and marine equipment. It also provides safetymanagement certification services to shipping companies and their ships. Thepurpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and themanagement of a company and its ship. Some of the famous classification societies are: NK(Japanese 日本海事协会),CCS(Chinese classification society), ABS(American), DNV(Norwegian), SL(BritishLloyd 英国劳氏), GL(German Lloyd 德国劳氏), KR(Korean), RINA(意大利船级社)。

3.Can you talk about the previous vessels worked on board? Please refer to an master’sself-introduction in Part One of this book. 实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。

4. What type of cargo was carried on boardyour last vessel? 曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考： Bulk cargo: cement, cementclicker, nickel, ore, iron, sand, phosphorus rock, potash in bulk, salt, grain,pet coke, coal

etc. General cargo:vehicle, loader, wagon, heavy lifts, over-length cargo, mine equipment, steelconstruction material. Other: log,plywood, container, and so on.

5. Where was your last vessel’s trading area?Which ports have you called? I have richexperience in calling the ports in the US, some developing countries and in thepassage through the Suez Canal, Panama Canal, and Denver Strait, and DenmarkStrait. Some useful expressions fortrading areas: 全球航线ocean-going, world widely, globally, worldwide; 固定航线 fixedroute.

6.Can you tell me the differences between the Chinese stateowned shippingcompanies and foreign shipping companies? Basically, in my opinion, there are not big differences at all. It seemsto me that foreign owners are more concerned about the master’s overridingauthority on board while the Chinese shipping companies tend to ask their localagents to do more for the vessel. Another major difference between them is thatthe Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and theworking language on board is Chinese. What’s more, most of the Chinese ownersuse the CCS for classification while foreign owners may use differentclassification societies. 各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如何。

7.In case of cargo damage, for example, before the vessel arrives at thedischarging port, you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed, howwould you handle it? I have to look intothe reason and volume of the damage first, and then I’ll contact the owner ofinstruction. In the event of small quantity of grain, I shall just throw itinto the sea to avoid disputes. Or I will follow the owner’s instruc tion tocontact it’s the P & I correspondent or local agent for their advice. If necessary, I’ll prepare a Sea Protest toclaim that the ship owner and the crew have exercised their due diligence. 关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理原则。

8.How do youunderst and the Master’s overriding authority under emergency situations? If the situation and time permit, the Mastershould always report to the company first before taken actions. However, whenthe ship is in immediate danger, the Master shall exercise his overridingauthority and take whatever actions necessary in dealing with an emergencysituation in order to protect the safety of the seafarers, the cargo, thevessel, the port and the environment without considering too much the demandsof the ship owner and the charterer. Nevertheless, the Master should report tothe company in detail what has happened after the event.

9.Can you tell me about your experience as a Captain? Hints: Your experience may include such things as the duration you haveworked as a Captain, the places or ports you have ever been to, the types ofvessels you have ever served, the types of cargo you have ever experienced, thetypes of cargo you have ever experienced, the

management styles on the vessels,and so on. Please also refer to chapterone for more detailed answers.

10.What is the Master’s StandingOrder? It is basically the Master’s ownset of instructions and orders for the vessel’s operation. The contents mayinclude the watch-keeping duties for the officers, when to ask for order fromthe master, the port entry procedure, and how to deal with emergency situationslike oil pollution, fire disaster, collision, grounding, as well as when tocall the master to the bridge, and so on. For special vessels (tanker, LPG orcar carriers, etc.) the standing orders may have some more contents. The Standing Order is normally found on thefirst pages of Deck Log Book and in the Bridge Order Book. Besides, somewarnings shall be prominently posted on the bridge and read and signed by allduty officers.

11.How do you understand the importanceof keeping good and harmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and otherOfficers and Engineers? Withoutharmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and the other officers andengineers, the Master cannot manage the ship well. But how can the Masterachieve it? First of all, the Master must have close contact with thedepartment heads because the daily management is delegated to them although theMaster himself is responsible for the overall safety and personnel management.Secondly, the Master himself must know his job well and know when to do what andhow. Thirdly, the Master should be very strict in himself in discipline andbehavior. Fourthly, he should be fair in job assignment, pay distribution andother daily management. But if someone on board breaks the Master’s order orthe rules on purpose, the Master’s order or the rules on purpose, the Masterwill have to penalize the offender and can consider firing him according to theprocedure of the ship owner. 这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法，但是船东希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：“I will dismiss those who do not listen to me”。我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。上述答案只是笔者个人见解，公供参考。

12.Did you have the experience ofworking with foreign crews? Yes, I haveworked on four ships of mixed crew from China, China Taiwan, Philippine,Vietnam, Russia, South Korea, Japan, Burma and Ukraine. 实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东知道的机会。

13. How doyou differentiate the Chinese crews and the Philippine crews? Or how do youlike the Philippine (Korean, Vietnamese, Indian, Burmese, Ukrainian, Russian,British etc.) seamen? I had theexperience of working with the Filipino crew. The Filipinos are mostly veryprofessional and obedient. Sometimes they are also demanding in terms of wages.As a whole, they are very nice seafarers. 在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文化的人都有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得十分重要。

14. Canyou tell me about the companies you have worked for? What are the differencesamong these companies? The company Ihave worked for the past ten years is a state-owned company. It is a goodcompany. But the management of the company is, in some ways, different fromforeign shipowners companies. 实事求是。同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。

15. How isa passage/voyage plan made on board ships? What materials do you need to referto when you make such plans? Usually, apassage plan should be made before a new voyage starts. The Master should givethe Second Officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailingroutes and before the Second Officer prepares the draft plan. Then the Masteris supposed to check it very carefully. If something wrong is found in thepassage plan, the Master should ask the Second Officer to correct itimmediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratifiedand implemented. When the Second Officeris making the draft plan, the Master should help provide some importantinformation sources for the Second Officer, such as the port entry guidance,the sailing directions, lists of lights, tidal stream tables, deep draughtvessel planning guide, the IMO ship route guidance, government and portauthority’s regulations, pilot charts, notice to mariner, weather information,and the voyage plan and so on. TheMaster should ensure that the plan covers “berth to berth” area in thepassage. And the Master should help the Second Officer to select the bestsailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weatherconditions.

16. Canyou describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports? First,

I must check all the certificates forthe vessel and the seamen to make sure all the necessary certificates areavailable to deal with the customs clearances, the sanitary checks and otherport checks. In addition, I must prepare such publications as currentlycorrected navigational charts, US costal pilot guide, light list book, lightlist book, tide tables, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice tomariners. Forty-eight hours prior toentry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills andlog them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear fromsteering compartment, communication between bridge and steering compartment,and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the Qualified Individual ofmy arrival. Twenty-four hours beforearrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ship’s arrival. Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port,the following equipment shall be tested and recorded in the log book: primaryand second steering gear, internal control communications and

alarms,standing-by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery. Drills are also the priorities of mypreparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attentionto the drills. So boat drills, fire-fighting drills and other drills must becarried out before entering into any US port. Sanitary situation of my ship is another consideration. Proper disposalof garbage on cy ship and

anti-pollution devices examination are veryimportant. All in all, much more

careshould be taken before entry into any US port than in the ports in othercountries. 美国是世界上海事立法最多，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题。

17. Didyou encounter any problems during PSC inspections in the US ports? No, I have never met any big problems becauseI always made good preparation before my vessel called at the US port. Eachtime I was able to go through the PSC inspections smoothly. Or you can say: Yes, I once had a problem during PSCinspection in a US port. The ARPA couldn’t be activated since the power supplywas out of work. The USCG only allowed us a few hours to repair it. To theirsatisfaction, the ARPA was back to normal after only one h our. Luckily wedidn’t have any fine imposed on us. I understand from this experience that goodpreparations in advance are very important. Even if there is a problem, I willask my crew to rectify it in the least possible time.

18. Howshould the pre-departure seminar be conducted in the port? According to my experience, a safety meetingshall be held prior to departure and some of the important issues like theun-berthing operation (including the deck and engine room), cargo & hulllashing check, stowaway check, cooperation with the pilot and other engineering(technical) matters should be discussed at the meeting.

19. Whyshould the Master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot? Well, it’s because the presence of the piloton the bridge does not relieve the Master from taking any measures necessary toassure the safety of the ship and marine environment. If he finds that thepilot’s orders are doubtful, the Master has to clarify the orders immediately.When necessary, the Master shall command the shi p’s navigationhimself. 引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM

体系特别强调的一点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。

20. Whatshould the Mater do if he is unsure about his legal standing in a foreigncountry or a strange port? He mustcontact the company at once for advice. He should also, if n ecessary, consultthe local correspondent of the owner’s P & I and thelocal agent of the ship who can provide advice and assistance. 绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。

21. Whatshould the Master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormallydifferent from those on the bills of lading? The Master should report the case to the ship owner as soon as possible.At the discretion of the company, the Master should prepare and send a Latterof Protect to the notary surveyor or terminal/port authority under theinstruction of the ship owner. In such case, the Master should also requirefurther measurements and calculations and calculations to be made.

22. Whatcontents are shown on the Bill of Lading if the ship is loaded with bulkcargo? Usually, the following items areshown on the Bill of Lading (B/L): measure, quality,

quantity, condition,contents and valve unknown etc.. Different companies may have different formatsfor their respective B/L. A B/L consists of three original copies that have thesame legal validity. The first copy the consignee shows will deny the validityof the validity of the other two copies.

23. Do youknow the insurance coverage provided by a P & I Club? A P&I Club is a non-profit association ofship owners that provides mutual insurance against maritime risks. It coversthe risks that are not covered by the Hull Insurer, such as personnel illnessand injury, cargo damage, collision with another vessel, stowaways andrefugees, damage to fixed or floating objects, pollution and so on.

24. Couldyou explain what the SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78 are? What is the relationbetween SOLAS 74 and ISM Code? SOLAS isthe International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. It is the mostimportant international convention on the safety of life at sea made and passedby IMO. The ISM Code is listed as Chapter 9of the SOLAS 74. It is to ensuresafety of the ship, the seamen, the port and the cargo, as well as the marineenvironment. MARPOL 73/78 is theInternational Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution. This is themost important international convention on the protection of marineenvironment. 几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，ISM CODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性

执行的公约，对ISM CODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。

25. Priorto a ship’s departure, what tests should be made and logged in the Ship’s LogBook? Some of the key test to be donebefore sailing: a) Steering gear test b) Ship’s clocks andengine telegraph tests and harmonization c) Interval, external and portablecommunication equipment test d) The whistle and navigational lightstests e) Relevant electronic position-fixing equipment (ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS) test f) Any other tests that the Master thinks necessary

26. Howoften at least should the Emergency Steering Drill be held? It should be held at least every threemonths. But actually, the more often the drill is done, the better. But before entering into some ports, forexample, in the US where PSC inspections are very strict, it is very importantto have drills prior to entry.

27. How doyou maintain the minimum under keel clearance (MUKC) when the vessel is duringpassage, in fairways and inside ports? During the passage, the MUKC should be at least more than 20% of loaddraft; in fairway, 10% of load draft; inside the ports, 10% of load draft, oras regulated by port authority. 富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航行安全，船长应在心中有大致数字。

28. Whatare the Master’s responsibilities on garbage disposal? The Master shall ensure that the posters witha summary of regulations on garbage disposal at sea is clearly displayed in theship’s galley, on the information boards and in any other places where garbageis collected prior to disposal. The Master shall discuss the

subject ofshipboard garbage management with the crew at safety meetings. The Master shallcheck the garbage disposal situation on board thoroughly from time to time. TheMaster shall also nominate a specific person in charge of the garbage disposal.

29. Canyou describe the garbage disposal procedures on board your last vessel? How didyou classify the garbage on board? Foursteps should be followed: collection, processing (separation), storage, anddisposal. The garbage can be dividedinto three kinds: Plastics and plasticmixed with other materials Food andaccommodation waste Other garbage thatcan not be disposed in the sea, e.g. , plastic and plastic materials. 垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造成污染，船东是会受到重罚的。

30. Whatare sensitive cargoes as defined by the P & I Club? The cargoes that are particularly susceptibleto moisture for sensitive cargoes. Special attention is required for sensitivecargoes. The P&I Club defines the following cargoes as sensitive cargoes:cement , grain, and sugar and so on.

31. Beforethe commencement of each voyage, which parts of the vessel should bechecked? Cargo holds, hatch coves,ventilation system, tank-top, hold lighting, fire fighting and detectorappliances, bilge ,sounding pipes, air pipes, cargo gears (hooks, grabs,slings, wires) and the relevant machinery should be checked carefully in orderto ensure seaworthiness of the vessel. After the checks, the checklists shallbe filled or records shall be kept.

32. Pleaseexplain the meaning of “SOPEP”? What contents should be included in theSOPEP? SOPEP means Shipping OilPollution Emergency Plan and it should contain the following: (1) Procedures to be followed bythe Master or other persons in charge of the ship to report and oil pollutionincident. (2) Authority orpersons to be contacted in the event of oil pollution. (3) Detailed description ofactions to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control thedischarge of oil following incident. (4) List of oil spill response equipment and materials to bemaintained on board. (Removers, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, wasterags, scoop, shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protectiveclothing, portable containers). Simplyspeaking, SOPEP should include such things as the emergency contacts (telephoneand other means of communication, address, etc.), the equipment used in dealingwith oil pollution, the muster list in the oil pollution, and the reportprocedure when the accident happens, etc.

33. Whatpreparations should you make before entry into a port? (1) To gather the necessaryinformation on the state and destination port authority requirements related topilotage, berthing, customs clearance and port quarantine inspection, etc.

(2) To make sure of an orderlyslow-down of the main engine, and ask the duty officer to give ETA and the timethe ship is expected to be on maneuvering speed to the duty

engineer. (3) The main engine is to betested in the astern mode and the Master should know that in some countries(e.g., in US), before entry into port, entire test of the navigationalequipment and main engine is required. (4) To ask the duty officers to ensure that the right flags,signals, or lights are shown. (5) To facilitate the machinery maintenance, the Mastershould give the C/E an indication of ETB and ETD immediately after the arrivalat an anchorage or berth.

34. Whatshould a Muster List include? What kinds of Muster List did you have on thelast vessel? A Muster List shouldinclude the following points: (1) Details of emergency alarm signal (2) How abandon ship order willbe given (3) Substitutes forthe key personnel who may become disabled (4) The boat to which each person belongs and duties to beperformed in an abandon ship situation (5) The specific group to which a person belongs and generalduties during various emergencies (6) Any additional or specific duties (7) Specific assembly point ofeach group The Muster Lists must beready before a ship sails. We had thefollowing Muster Lists on board the last vessel; General emergency, firefighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard,oil pollution station.

35. Whenyour ship is involved in an oil pollution incident, whom do you report itto? According to the ISM Code andMARPOL, the incident should be immediately reported to the nearest coastalState, and the ship owner without any delay. A report should also be submittedto the flag state.

36. Do youallow cargo discharge without being shown the B/L? Definitely no. The B/L is the legal evidenceof the cargo’s owner ship. However, the cargo can be discharged if theconsignee shows a Letter of Indemnity approved by the ship owner confirming theauthenticity of the documents.

37. How doyou understand shipboard training? It isa very important thing on board. Routine training on safety of the vessel, thecargo, and the seamen should be carried out periodically. Training to newjoiners is also important. They should be briefed on emergency procedures,anti-pollution, safety equipment familiarization, ship operational training andworking kills.

38. Howcan you maintain a balance of interests between the ship-owner and thecharterer? Well, this is a difficultquestion. My opinion is that the owner’s interests should always beprioritized. But you know, sometimes the Master is under heavy pressure fromboth the owner and charterer. My experience is that the charterer’s interestsshould be taken good care o f without hurting the interests of the owner and thecrew. 船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案。但一般而言，船东希望既能和租船公司建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为船长拿的是船东的工资，但船东拿的是客户（租家）的钱。

39. Whatdo you know about the internal and external audit? During the internal audit,how will you cooperate with the auditors? Usually, the internal audit is

carried out once or twice a year inaccordance with the owner’s SMS manuals. It is under the charge of theDesignated Person (DP), or at the discretion of the DP. After receiving audit notice from thecompany, the Master should hold a pre-audit meeting with the officers andengineers after receiving the audit notice. The Master should make sure thatthe best cooperation is provided to the auditors of the company and thedocuments to be audited are well prepared. The external audit is carried out by the professional auditors from theClass. If major non-conformities,

non-conformities and observations are foundeither in the internal or external audit, the ship should make rectification inthe stipulated time.

40. Canyou briefly describe the hand-over procedure between the outgoing Master andthe relieving Master? Usually, thehandover procedure is as follows: First,the outgoing Master should prepare a handover report as per the company’shandover procedure and checklist. Second, the outgoing Master should prepare a handover memo to beattached to the report. The followingshould be the highlights in the handover procedure: Documentation, communication (the means tocontact all related persons and companies), bridge equipment, stores andaccounts, personnel, ship maintenance and conditions etc. Besides, it is alsovery important to give the relieving Master a clear idea of the personal, thelocal agent, the port and some other information that are not written in thechecklist. Try to fill in all the check lists at the presence of bothMasters.

41. Whatis the relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer? Or what kind ofrelation should the Master and the Chief Engineer have? The Master is the No. 1 leader of the ship,responsible for the whole vessel and the Chief Engineer is one subordinate ofthe Master. The Chief Engineer is full charge of the engine department. TheMaster gives the Chief Engineer full power to manage his department. In themeantime, it is also important for the Master to offer support and help to theChief Engineer in his implementation of duties. Anyway, smooth cooperation andharmonious relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer is veryimportant to the safe operation of the vessel. 船长和轮机长的融洽的关系非常重要，但船长对船舶安全的绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东希望船长既能和轮机长处好关系，又能够树立的管理权威。

42. Whatshould the ship’s Night Orders include? How often do you prepare the Night Orders?Do well-prepared Night Orders mean you can have a good sleep? The ship’s Night Orders should include suchinformation as sailing courses, anti-collision warning, some precautions, watchkeeping point, dangerous cargo orders, sailing warning in special areas etc.the Master should prepare a Night Order every night before he goes tosleep. Even I have well prepared nightorders, I shall still be on high alert when the vessel is sailing in some dangerousareas (i.e. areas with low visibility, some narrow straits, along the seacoastand the pending arrival at the port, etc.) 这是一个船东非常关心的问题，因为这涉及到船舶的行驶安全，船长必须能熟练说出。

43. Whennew crews come on board, what training will you offer to them? First, I will get them familiar with thewhole vessel, including the equipment, the personnel and documents. Second, Iwill ask them to get familiar with their respective duties. Third, I will getthem trained on the safe operation and emergency procedures and so on. 新上船员的培训既要符合国际规则的要求，也要符合公司体系文件的要求。此外，船长也要根据情况安排相应的培训内容。

44. Whatare the three grades of bulk carriers according to their size? Generally, they are classified into threetypes: Handy size, Panamax size and Cape size. The Handy size bulker is lessthan 60,000 tons in deadweight tonnage. The Panamax size bulker is between60,000 to 70,000 tons, usually carrying usual cargoes such as coal, Bauxite (铝土矿), Borax (硼砂), Cement,Grain, Tapioka, Copra (椰子肉)，pellet, Lime Stone and so on. The Cape size is more than 80.000 indeadweight tonnage, and 106 feet in breadth, and the cargo usually carried bythis type of a bulker are iron ore, pellet, and Coal.

45. How do you know that the sea chart is up-to-date? How do you get the latest Notice toMariner? I need to check the chartscorrection log and the charts concerned to make sure the chart is updated. Normally the company sends the Notice toMariner periodically and automatically to the ship. I will send a requisitionto the company if the Notice to Mariner is not being received.

46. Whatis the DCPA during passage, in fairways, in the strait, and inside ports? At sea, the closest point of approach (DCPA)is two miles; in the strait, the shortest distance between the two ships is thenew course distance. The safe anti-collision clearance between two vessels alsodepends on such factors as weather condition, the sizes of the two vessels andso on.

47. How doyou treat the engine bilge water? Theengine bilge water can by no means be pumped out into the sea directly. If ithas to be pumped out, it must be properly treated through the oily waterseparator. If there is too much enginebilge water, the Chief Engineer will report it to me. I will then ask forinstructions from the ow ner. With the owner’s approval and confirmation, thebilge water may be transferred into the fuel oil tank or ask for shoreassistance.

48. Do youknow something about the ILO? What is ILO 147? Do you have any experience withITF? What is your policy in deali ng with them and what is your company’s policyin dealing with them? The ILO is theInternational Labour Organization and the ITF is the International Federationfor Transport Workers. ILO Convention147 is The Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 147)(and its Protocol of 1996). This rule is made by the International LaborOrganization Conference. In this Convention, the minimum internationallyacceptable labor standards for seamen in merchant ships are stipulated.Convention No. 147 requires the flag State to adopt minimum standards relatingto safety, social security, and shipboard conditions of employment and livingarrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered

under anyflag. It is very important to tell theseamen not to approach the ITF personnel actively. The Master should instructhis crew to answer the questions in accordance with the ship owner’s and themanning agent’s instructions if the ITF inspectors approach the vessel and talkwith the crew. The Master himself should know very well the company’s policy indealing with the ITF. Anyway, the Master and his crew should deal with themvery cautiously so as to avoid any possible disputes for the ship owner. As aemployee of the shipowner and the manning agent. ILO和ITF 是涉及到船员利益的两个国际组织，船长应对此有粗略的了解。

49. What should bridge orders include? What are the contents of the standing order andwhat are night orders? Bridge orderincludes Standing Order and Night Order. The master shall include the following contents in the standingorder: Master’s requirements for theconduct of watch keeping personnel (1) Define the master’s requirements on the duties ofofficers on watch (2) Definethe master’s requirements for the actions in case of emergency situations (3) Procedures at times ofreduced visibility (4) Special requirements with regards to the ship and its trade The master shall regularly enter into theBridge Order Book-no matter at sea or at anchor. The entry in the Bridge OrderBook shall include the instructions on the safe navigation at the time when themaster intends to take rest, as well as any other necessary instructions. Thisshall include: (1) A briefdescription of the navigational plan with details of the courses to be followedand charts to be used (2) Points which require special consideration (strong currents, cross trafficetc.) (3) The time andposition when the master is to be called to the bridge (4) The position where the shiphas to report to traffic or port control (5) The position where the notice has to be given to engineroom (one hour notice, stand by engine etc.) (6) Details of any other activities during the night period(tank cleaning, gas freeing, watch on IG pressure, repair work, launch calls,etc). The master shall finish his nightorder before he is going to take sleep.

50. Normally, what ranks cannot be relieved for vacation together? Considering the operation and safety of thevessel, normally the following ranks cannot be relieved together: The Masterand the Chief Officer. The Chief Engineer and the First Engineer. The Chief Officer should complete thehandover procedure after completion of cargo operation and relateddocumentation unless he is relieved on some other occasions where is no cargooperation. Besides, senior engineers should not hand over their duties beforeor when any major repair or maintenance work is underway. The relieved engineers or officers shouldprepare handover notes to the relieving personnel. Copies of t he Master andChief Engineer’s handover notes should be sent to the company for filing. TheChief Engineer’s handover notes should be verified and signed by theMaster.

51. Whatranks should not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time? In view of the jobs on board, the followingpositions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time:the Master and the Chief Officer; the Chief Engineer and First Engineer; theChief Engineer and Electrician; the Bosun and Pumpman (in

tankers); the ChiefCook and Second Cook (or mess boy); The Chief Officer and Pumpman (intankers). Any crew who wants to haveshore leave must check the department head for permission and return to thevessel on time.

52. Whatis the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate for crew on board? According to the STCW95, the BAC shall not bemore than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR (Code ofFederal Regulations) requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04%. Watch-keeperare not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch. 公司的毒品和酒精管理政策是根据有关国际公约的规定制定的，船长应该熟知。

53. Underheavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make beforesailing? During heavy weatherconditions, the Master should make the following preparations: (1) If possible, select a routethat can avoid the heavy weather area (2) Inform the crew of the predicted heavy weather and issuea warning. Make sure that the warning is known to all crew on board (3) Instruct the Chief Officer tocheck the hull strength based on stowage calculation, cargo loading and stabilitydocuments. If the ship is not carrying cargo, the Master shall ballast the shipto increase the draught and take action to prevent propeller racing, reduceoscillations and slamming of the ship (4) Make sure the follo wing holes are closed: hatches, cargohold, bosun’s store, manhole, accesses to accommodation spaces and steeringgear room, tank air pipes, sounding caps, all water-tight doors and water-tightopening on the ship (5) Ensure that the Chief Officer adopts measures to prevent movement of cargo andother objects on various parts of the ship (6) Ensure that cargo gears such as derricks, cranes andlife boat are securely lashed (7) Ensure that the Chief Officer checks the conditions ofthe stowage of anchors and anchor chains (8) Keep critical checklists on the bridge forreference

54. If theship is sailing in the heavy weather conditions, what should the Master payattention to? If the vessel isnavigating in heavy weather, the Master should pay attention to the following (1) Adopt measures to preventslamming and pounding of the ship, considering the frequency of encounters withswells and change speed or course, if necessary (2) The watch keeping officer shall change over to paralleloperation of the steering gear, if possible (3) If possible, change the auto pilot to “rough sea mode”or change over to manual mode (4) The Master shall frequently check the weather and seaconditions, observe closely future changes and judge if there is a problem withthe present sailing course and speed (5) Report the weather conditions to the nearest portauthority and the ships in the vicinity of the bad weather area and ask them tobe careful on the warning (6) The master shall check the abnormalities whenever hethinks it possible to make the ship in good condition.

55. Afterthe heavy weather is over, what checks should be made? After the heavy weather, the following shouldbe checked: The hull, the deck machineryand pipes, hatch covers, the cargoes in the holds, and the sounding of alltanks. If something

wrong is found, the Master should report is to the companyas soon as possible. Of course, the Master should solve some small problemswith the crew. 56. If the stevedoresdamage the crane or derrick on board, what should you do? Usually, I shall report the damage to thecharterers and/or owners immediately. In the meantime, I shall prepare theStevedore Damage Report and get it signed by the foreman or the stevedoringcompany. If they refuse to sign the Report or repair the damage, I shall send aLetter of Protest to all parties concerned. Anyway, I shall not leave the portuntil the damage is settled properly.

57. Why isit very important to get rid of the outdated SMS documents on board? It is very important to maintain an updatedcatalogue of the SMS documents on board. Those out-of-date files have to bemarked and kept away. The mixture of the old and new documents on board caneasily cause confusion after a period of time and this may ultimately result insome problems for the vessel. Besides, the mixture and confusion of differentversions of documents are considered to be a nonconformities or deficiencies bythe auditors.

58. Whatelements or factors should you consider when anchoring in deep water? Anchoring in deep water means droppinganchors in water more than 50 meters deep. Before going to an anchorage, I must make sure that the windlass andbrake are in good order. I will study the weather conditions, sea and localcurrent, tides, water depth, bottom condition etc. I also need to find goodholding ground and enough room for swing. Before anchoring, I need to (1) discuss with the Chief Officer theanchoring procedure, including which anchor and how many shackles to be used.(2) make sure of the water depth and ship’s position. During anchoring, I will have to (1) Makesure the ship has come to a complete stop. (2) Lower the anchor into wateruntil it touches the ground. (3) Disengage and slack the chain cable until theexpected length is paid out. I will use the main engine movement to stretch thecable only but have to make sure not to use excessive weight. 这是一个船东很关心的问题。主要看船长和大副是否掌握这方面的经验。

59. How doyou implement the SMS on board? I shallinstruct the crew to study and fully understand the company SMS manuals. Thecrew will sign on the signature cards after they have studied the manuals. Ishall prepare some important procedures and have warning posted in the deck orengine department. I shall also organize systematic training on the manuals.Moreover, I will instruct the crew to follow the procedures in practice. 这是一个外审或港口检查时常问到的一个问题。

60. Wha tare the minimum rest hours every day for a seaman on board? According to the STCW 78/95, the minimum resthour for a seaman is 10 hours every 24 hours.

61. How should you deal with the garbage on board on board the ship? MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailedregulations on garbage disposal. Usually, any shipping company should have itsown Garbage Management Plan in its ISM documents. Usually, the Chief Engineeror the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out

thegarbage disposal, but all crew on broad should follow the garbage managementplan. Garbage is disposed in fore steps,i.e. collection, separation, processing and disposal. The Chief Engineer or theChief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book. The Masterhas to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at anytime.

62. When navigating in restricted visibility or heavy traffic or in a close quarter, asthe Master or duty officer, which ship do you think should reduce speed, orstop engine to avoid danger of collision? According to COLREG 1972. Both ships should reduce speed if they thinknecessary. And anti-collision actions should be taken as early as possible.When navigating in restricted visibility, the Master must navigate the shipwith safe speed and great caution. 船长和驾驶员应该能够用简单的英语表述出常用的避碰规则。

63. Wha tis safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in decidingthe speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea? The safe speed is the speed at which thevessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance.The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility,number of ships in the area, the ship’s maneuverability, wind force, sea tideand current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximityof navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment onboard, ice condition and so on.

64. When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, whatanti-collision measures should be taken? When the vessels are proceed onhead-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When apower-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule shouldbe observed? When two power-driven shipsare crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shallkeep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboardside or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision. When tow power-driven ships are meetinghead-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course tostarboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safedistance. When a ship sails at a higherspeed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shallalter its course to avoid collision. Apower-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be doneeither altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

65. What routines should the relieving officers be familiar with when he comes for watchkeeping? The relieving officers shouldfamiliarize himself with all the equipment and condition of the ship, thevisibility and weather condition, speed and current condition, instruction ofthe master and some other aspects to ensure the safety of the vessel as percompany SMS.

66. Based on your experience, tell the sequence of actions to be taken when you encounterrestricted visibility. Switch on bothradars of the vessel. Arrange

additional lookout. Reduce to safe speed.Implement bridge team management as per the SMS.

67. When the ship is loaded with general cargo, if the ship has several and differentdischarging ports, what precautions must be taken to ensure no short landingand over carriage of cargo? To avoid theproblems, I must ensure proper stowage and no broken stowage, proper and clearcargo separation markings, correct loading sequence, and good stability of theship.

68.How doyou handle the cargo damage caused by the stevedores? First I will check the seriousness of thedamage. Second, I will discuss with the foreman responsible for the damage.Third, I will inform the tallyman and agent to replace the damaged cargo ormake proper remarks on the cargo documents. Fourth, I will prepare a damagereport as per the company SMS and advise the owner if a damage survey isneeded. Fifth, I will ensure all evidence is in good order to protect theinterests of the ship owner and its crew. Lastly, I will ensure the roperlogbook entry.

69.Canyou tell me some instances when you have to consult the ship owner or managerin relation to the instructions from the charterer or theirrepresentative? Here are some instances:changes in sailing instructions, changes in cargo

type/quantity/loadingsequences, vessel not meeting the requirements of the speed and oil consumptionclause, tec.

70. Undertime charter party, based on your experience, what factors do you think can putthe vessel off hire? Breakdown of mainmachinery, incorrect or improper hold preparation which is not in compliancewith the cargo fitness survey, major noncompliance to port state inspection,any delay caused by the owner and/or the crew.

71. Before grain loading, how should you prepare your holds for grain fitness? First,

I should clean and wash the holdsthoroughly in accordance with the grain fitness requirement so as to get rid ofany residual and odor of the previous cargo. Second, I should make sure thereis no scaling of paint and rust on the bulkheads. Third, I should also ensurethat all cargo holds and hatches are watertight and dry.

72. What preparations should you make before your ship enters the dock yard? It depends on why my ship is dry-docking.Generally, I shall adjust the proper trim as per the dock’s requirement andprepare a detailed docking repair list as per the company’s instructions. Ishall get all the ce rtificates and classification records ready for reference.

73. If you are to prepare for load line survey, what items require your specialattention? I should pay attention tothese items: certificates, watertight doors and manholes, rubber gaskets,ventilation flaps, cargo hold water-tightness and comings, bilge pump andballast pump.

74.If youare to prepare you for safety equipment survey, what items should you checkbeforehand? I shall check relevantcertificates, lifeboat and other safety equipment, pyrotechnics (烟火报警工具),emergency fire pumps, fire hose, box and hydrant(消防栓) as well as otherfire fighting and life saving appliances.

75. Why isstability important in loading s ship? What are the factors to be consideredbefore loading to ensure stability of the ship after being loaded? To achieve stability of the ship, I mustensure loading in compliance with safety requirement, existing rules, andrelevant regulations, the safety of life at sea, protection of property andenvironment. Beside, I should also ensure proper towage and proper weight distribution.

76. Inyour opinion, what abilities should a Master possess? A Master should be knowledgeable on the typeof vessel he is running. He should be experienced on trade, navigation, cargocaring. He should have a good understanding of the international convention andregulations. He should, also have good crew management and crisis managementskills. Lastly, he should set up an example in good leadership.

77. How doyou decide to join a new company? BeforeI decide to join a company, I will consider the following factors: companystability, working environment, salary, relations among employees, properprogram of crew rotation, promotion and advancement and good management.

78. Whatare the functions of a B/L? What’s a clean B/L and what is an unclean B/L?

A B/L has three very important functions. Itconstitutes evidence of the terms of the terms of the contract of carriage – apromise to carry and deliver the cargo. It constitutes the apparent order,condition, and quantity or weight of goods at the time of shipment. It is alsoa document of title (property) of the cargo. A clean B/L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss,shortage or damage. An unclean B/L is also called claused B/L, which carriessome remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.

79. Whatis back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L? A bark-dated Bill of Lading is a one whoseissuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date. An advancedB/L means a B/L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completionof loading. Both backdated and advanced B/Ls will bring some dangers andliabilities to the shipowner and charterer. The master should be very cautiousabout these two types of B/Ls.

大副面试问题及参考答案大副是甲板上仅于船长的“第二把手”。大副的好坏直接关系到船舶、货物和人身安全。经验表明，船东在面试大副时也是相当严格和认真的。主要集中在货物的配载、装卸货、货物的保管、货物单据、管理能力等方面。而对于特种船来说，对有关货物装卸货的有关规定等也要熟知。此外，有关ISM/SMS及其他公约、PSC检查以及船东内外审时的提问也是一个非常重要的部分。下面整理了一部分面试试题，供参考。我们建

议，大副不但要准备下面的一些问题，也应该看看有关船长及二副和三副的有关问题，这样才能达到融会贯通的目的。

1. Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience? A reference answer: I graduated from Jimei Navigation Collage in199

2. I studied there for three years. I have worked as a seaman on eight shipsfor nearly ten years. I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships. I haveworked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.

2. Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer? Under the leadership of the Master, the ChiefOfficer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he isalso responsible for cargo handling. The specific duties include: (1) Watch-keeping from 0400~0800hours and 1600~2000 hours. (2) Safety of the ship and work place, safetyequipment. (3) Daily safetyand sanitary inspection.

(4) Store and spare parts inventory management. (5) Maintenance on deck. (6) Stowage plan making. (7) Supervision of the loading and unloading process. (8) Cargo caring on board. (9) Some other work anddesignated by the master of the vessel.

3. Can you talk about the previous vessels (last vessel) you worked on board? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainlyloaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe. It was an old ship about 14years old. But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we didvery good maintenance work on board

4. What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel? I have worked on bulk carriers and generalcargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling. 这是一个很重要的问题，因为大副的一个很重要职责便是货物管理。大副应该对不同货物的装卸、配载、保管、单据、保险等相关问题有所了解。

5. Where was your last vessel’s trading (plying, sailing) area? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargos in Asia anddischarged in Europe. She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York,Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.

6. Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were theirnationalities? The last two vessels Iworked on had crew from several countries. The masters were Indian, the ChiefEngineer were from Hong Kong and Philippine and other seamen from china,Indian, Burma and Vietnam.

7. Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan? Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo,loading and discharging ports rotation. I shall calculate the volume of thecargo that is to be loaded into different holds. Then I shall calculate thedraft of the vessel and trimming, shear force, bending moment to meet therequirements of the ship. At last, stowage plan in made based on thesefactors.

8. What does stowage factor of mean? Astowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubicunits of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight-how many cubic metersis needed to stow on metric ton of certain goods. Stowage factors shouldinclude allowance for dunnage, irregular size of certain goods, pallets andsomething else. Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is notabsolute and it should be used only as guide while planning cargo disposition.

9. If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipm ent or ship’s structure inthe loading or discharging ports, what should you do? If damage happens, I must record it first andthen report it in an appropriate written form to the master and other partiesconcerned. The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have(or have not) responsibility for the damage. The damage report shall becarefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any.The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name,voyage n umber, date, geographical location, name of the person who took thephotos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what isintended to show.

10. Whatprecautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out? I shall check the pre-cargo operation checklists to make sure that no item is missing. The following procedures are to beadopted: (1) The ChiefOfficer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shallbe considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim,shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down by thestability manual; excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch coversmust be avoided; and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way as to avoiddamage which can result in possible loss of life or property. (2) Pre-operation conference withall ship’s personnel to be involved in the cargo operation should be held todiscuss such matters as cargo disposition, numbers of gangs and working hours,usual and special safety requirements, ballasting and de-ballastinginformation, special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage preventionand control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc. The Chief Officer mustensure that all relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo andall usual and special safety and operational requirements.

11. Whatwill you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or duringloading? I shall report to the masterfirst and foremost. The master should decide whether to replace the damagedcargo. For the full-set machines and

high-valued products I must ask for thereplacement in the loading port if damages are found. If the damaged cargoescannot be replaced, the Chief Mate shall make remarks on the Mate’sRe ceipt. If disputers happen on thequantity and quality of the cargoes, I shall, at the discretion of the master,ask the cargo surveyor to do the survey. If necessary, under the endorsement ofthe ship owner, I shall write a Letter of Protest (based on the format providedby the company) to prove the innocence of the seamen on board. During the voyage, if a very small amount ofcargo is damaged, with the permission of the master, I shall throw it away intothe sea to avoid any disputes with any third party.

12. Whatare the differences between the Bill of Loading and the Mate’s Receipt?

A Tally Sheet is the basis of the Mate’sReceipt. The Mate’s Receipt is the R/L. The condition of the cargo is clearlyshown on the Mate’s Receipt. It is very important to make sure that the cargocondition on the bill of loading is the same as that on the Mate’s Receipt. TheMate’s Receipt is the legal evidence of the Mate’s Receipt. The Mate’s Receiptis the legal evidence of the cargo received and the B/L is the legal evidenceof the cargo ownership. If the consigner wants the master to issue a clean B/Lon the basis of unclean Mate’s Receipt, the master firstly must ask forpermission from the company. If the company agrees, the consigner must issuereliable Letter of Indemnity or Letter of Guarantee.

13. If thedraft survey proves a shortage of cargo after loading is completed, what willyou do apart from reporting to the Master? Will you make any remarks on theMate’s Receipt? In this case, I shallreport the problem to the master first. With the permission of the master, Ishall ask the third party surveyor to do the survey. If the survey shows thereis shortage or damage of the cargo, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receiptshowing the loss or damage or shortage. The third party is to be invited to make the objective report on thereal quantity of the volume of the cargo. If the cargo is proved to be inshortage, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.

14. Whatdo you know about the ISM code and SMS? How many chapters are there in the ISMCode (as amended)? What are these chapters? The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code. The purpose ofthis Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management andoperation of ships and for pollution prevention. The objectives of the Code areto ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, andavoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environmentand to property. The 16 chapters of ISMCode are: general, safety and environment protection policy, companyresponsibilities and authority, designated person(s), master’s responsibilitiesand authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboardoperation, emergency preparedness, reports, and analysis of non-conformity,accidents and hazardous occurrences, maintenance of the ship and equipment,documentation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification andverifications and control, certification and periodical verification,verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates.The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code. SMS means safety management system, and thissystem is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory partSOLAS 74. The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance (DOC) andSMC without audited Safety Management Certificate (SMC) by Class designated bythe flag registry country administration. Every company should develop,implement and maintain a safety management system (SMS).

15. Whatdo Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity mean respectively? Observation means a statement of fact madeduring a safety management audit and

substantiated by objective evidence.Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicatesthe nonfulfillment of a specified requirement. Major non-conformity means anidentifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnelor the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediatecorrective action and includes the lack of effective and systematicimplementation of a requirement of this Code. (摘自新ISM Code原文) 以上内容不一定要非常准确详细地背诵，但至少要知道大致的内容，尤其要知道，ISM规则是变化的、开放的国际公约，其内容经常进行修改和增加。此外，随着ISM规则的改变，各船东和管理公司对SMS也要进行相应的修改和补充。

16. Haveyou experienced any on-board internal audit before? The onboard internal audit is carried out atthe discretion of the Designated Person of the owner. When the auditors come onboard, the seamen should give full support to them. If observation ornon-conformity items are found in the audit, these items should be treated withdue diligence and rectified on time. Asthe Chief Officer, I should be very familiar with the operation and calibrationof the gas detector and the loading computer.

17. Whatis Garbage Management Plan? TheMAPROL73/78 requires that a Garbage Management Plan should be developed inaccordance with the IMO guidelines on board almost all ships. The Plan includesthe procedures for garbage collection, separation, processing and disposal, aswell as the management and requirements of garbage processing equipment,implementation of the Plan and crew responsibilities. All processing workshould be recorded in the Garbage Record Book.

18. How doyou carry out the deck machinery maintenance? On board the last vessel,

I often ordered my Bosun to organize the deckcrew to maintain such equipment as windlass, steering engine, derrick, crane,wires, meters and winch. Chipping and greasing are also among their dailyroutines as per the PMS (Planned Maintenance System). All maintenance plans for the machines in thedeck department shall be made by the Chief Officer.

19. As theChief Officer, what precautions do you have to take to prepare for the PSCinspection? The Chief Officer shouldarrange for the checks of the following items: LSA and FFE equipment, garbagedisposal records, gangway safety, ballasting system, sanitary condition,especially in the accommodation area, the galley, provisions stores, cargooperation safety and documents. Besides, the Chief Officer should follow theMaster’s instruc tions in organizing the emergency drills.

20. Whatprecautions do you have to take before entering an enclosed space? I shall nominate the standby personnel andprepare the ventilation, breathing tool, connecting signals, oxygen, air andpoisonous gases testing equipment, and other necessary equipment according tothe checklist. I shall then get the Master’s signature on the checklist.

集装箱船长面试问题

集装箱船长面试问题集装箱轮船长面试回答 1．简述大型集装箱船舶船长在进港前的主要准备工作？答：进港前的主要准备工作为： 1）理清进港TRAFFIC的管制要求与VHF收听的频道，引水的联系方法，号灯号型号旗的悬挂要求；审阅并熟悉进港航线与狭水道航行准备记录。 2）港区附近的水文、气象、地形特征，航道与航标、泊位水深与特点，锚地选择、调头区域，大桥与架空电线高度，行驶与靠泊的应急措施，及余速控制的步骤制定出靠泊计划。并将操作方案记录在《开航及抵港前准备情况记录簿》上和告知所有驾驶员。 3）主机、舵机、锚机、侧推、引水梯等按程序试验并记录； 4）调好吃水，符合航道水深与大桥净空高度的需要；险要地段安排好备锚了头人员。 5）夜航命令与海图上都应说明叫船长上驾驶台的船位； 6）整理好与引水需要交换的注意事项，靠港后要用的证书与办关的表册准备齐全，。 7）提醒有关人员对油类记录、垃圾记录、压载水记录、值班休息记录、演习培训记录保持完整准确； 8）做好或落实好船壳油漆、热工作业、海事声明等申请准备工作； 9）让有关人员落实保安工作到位情况。 2、简述大型集装箱船舶船长在靠离码头时应注意的事项？答：大型集装箱船舶船长在靠码头时首先应注意：引水员登船后，船长应详细介绍船舶操纵性能与船舶概况，与引水员交换情况并了解引水员的航行及操作计划。在取得一致意见后通知有关人员执行并协调配合。在引航过程中，船长不能放弃对驾驶船舶的责任，保持对船舶的位臵和动态进行精确的核对。如对引水员的意图和措施有怀疑时，船长应及时向引水员提出，并弄清其意图。必要时，为了避免险情，船长应果断接过指挥权。

除此外还应对本船在靠泊时的操纵技术注意如下： 1）. 大型集装箱船舶线性尺度大、吃水大，净空高度大，必须注意泊位附近可航水域、宽度、深度容易受限，更要密切注意泊位、桥吊等带来的限制与不便。2）.水线上下面积大，受风流影响较大。尤其甲板多层的集装箱与船体形成巨大的挡风墙，受风力的影响非常大，靠码头时一定要注意风流对船的飘移和对操纵性的影响。 3）.线性尺度大，浅水效应、岸壁效应明显，停车淌航中丧失舵效时间早，淌航余速大约4节时就失去舵效。但首部的首侧推器可以用于改善此缺点，能起到一定的作用。因此，在抵泊前或抵锚地前可提前备妥首侧推，需要时可有效用于纠正船首偏转、保持航向或用于协助转向 4），靠泊时控制好余速是关键，抵达港池泊位前一定要控制好抵泊余速，掌握在距离泊位3倍船长时余速应控制在2节以内，距离泊位1倍船长时余速应控制在1节以内，抵泊位时余速应控制为零。 5）尽早摆好船位，采用平行靠泊。备妥双锚与侧推以应急。在抵达泊位时保持一倍船长的横距，再通过拖轮顶拖，船艏侧推，慢慢平行靠泊。靠泊中时刻观察船舶是否已停住、是否与码头平行、相对前后船的位臵、横移速度不大于0.1节。防止甲板集装箱或建筑物碰撞岸吊， 6）超大型集装箱船旋回反移量与直径都较大，应避免在码头边掉头边靠泊，接近泊位时横距过小、靠泊角过大、横移速度过快都会对码头或船壳造成损坏，会造成很被动的局面。 7）艉部一定要带拖缆。公司的大型集装箱船舶前面都有侧推，DAMIETTA的引航员常为图方便不要求艉部带拖缆，这是一个非常不安全因素，万一靠拢速度过快，就没有办法挽救了，所以在艉部一定要带拖缆。 8）大型集装箱船舶前后盲区大，靠泊时应常让大二副准确的报告前后距离。9）首侧推器在靠离泊位使用中，应注意防止水中缆绳被吸入导流孔内，缠绕或损坏侧推器叶片。尤其是在吃水较小时。所以船艏松缆应保持缆在水面而不堆积。10）动车时提醒二副松缆应保持缆在水面而不下沉。大型集装箱船舶船长在离码头时除关注靠泊时的相应内容外还应注意：

英文面试常见问题及答案汇总

1. Tell me about yourself? 1.向我介绍一下你自己。（回答见后面） 2. What are your greatest strengths? 2.你最大的优点是什么？（回答见后面） 3. What are your greatest weakness? 3.你最大的缺点是什么？（回答见后面） 4. Why did you quit your last job? 4.你为什么从上一份工作离职？（回答见后面） 5. Why do you want to work here? 5.你为什么想在这儿工作？（回答见后面） 6. What do co-workers say about you? 6.你的同事如何评价你？ 7. Would you be willing to relocate if required? 7.如果需要你到其他地点工作，你愿意吗？（回答见后面） 8. What do you know about us? 8.你对我们公司有什么了解？ 9. What kind of salary are you looking for? 9.你的期望薪资是多少？（回答见后面） 10.What were you earning at your last job? 10.你上一份工作的薪水是多少？（回答见后面） 11. What have you learned from mistakes on the job? 11.你从工作所犯的错误中学到了什么？（回答见后面） 12. Why should we hire you? 12.我们为什么要雇用你？ 13. What Is Your Dream Job? 13.你理想的工作是什么？ 14. What are you looking for in a job? 14.你希望从工作中得到些什么？ 15. Are you willing to work overtime? 15.你愿意加班吗？（回答见后面） 16. What experience do you have in this field? 16.你有什么这个行业的经验？（回答见后面） 17. Do you consider yourself successful? 17.你觉得自己成功吗？（回答见后面） 18. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year? 18.在最近的一年里，你做了什么来提高你的知识技能？ 19. Where do you see yourself in 5 years? 19. 你的五年工作规划是什么？（回答见后面） 20. Are you a team player? 20.你善于团队合作吗？ 21. What motivates you to do your best on the job? 21.工作中最能激励你的是什么？（回答见后面） 22. What is your philosophy towards work? 22.你的工作哲学是什么？ 23. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure? 23.描述一下你的抗压性。（回答见后面）

外贸英文面试问题及答案

外贸英文面试问题及答案一般情况下，有关个人背景的材料已填写在履历表内，面试时再提问只是为了验证一下，或者以这些不需应试者思考的问题开始，有利于应试者逐渐适应展开思路，进入"角色"，尤其是对那些一进入考场就显得紧张、拘谨的应试者，更该先提一些容易回答的问题，帮助他树立信心，诱导他正常发挥出自己的水平。这方面常问的问题有： 1请介绍一下你的家庭状况。 2你的籍贯在哪里? 3现在你住在哪里? 4你父母分别从事什么职业? 5你有几个兄弟姐妹?分别在干什么? 6你是否结婚了?妻子(或丈夫)从事什么职业?

7你有孩子吗?几岁了? 8你现在的生活状况怎么样? 9你现在的居住情形怎样?是几居室、公房还是自宅? 对这些问题，应试者不需怎么思考，但最重要的是一开始就要注意调整好自己的应试状态，充满自信，口齿清楚，回答全面、完整，但又要注意尽量简洁。一开始的应试状态如何会直接影响到整个面试过程中的表现。受教育的大体状况在履历表中已列出，提问这方面的情况是为了获悉更详细的情况。 1从你的申请表中我了解到你进入×(高中)，毕业于×年，请你进一步告诉我们一些有关申请表中所述的情况，并对你的高中阶段作一个简短的详细说明，尤其是那些对你的职业生活有影响的事件。

2您觉得您的学校是哪一类的(必要的话，说出它是大是小，在乡村还是在城市)，简单地说，你高中阶段过得怎么样? 3你学过哪些课程(一般的，技术性的或者大学先修班)? 4在学校，你都参加过什么活动? 5你的学习成绩如何?在班上所处的位置如何?你有哪些学习习惯? 6有哪些人或事件对你的职业选择产生了影响? 7你担任过什么职位?受到哪些奖励?(或获得过什么荣誉?取得过什么成就?) 8读高中时你从事过什么社会工作?假期是怎么过的? 9高中结束时你的职业考虑是什么? 10我注意到从×年至×年你进入×学校学习，获得了×学位。你为什么选择这所学校? 11你能告诉我，在大学阶段对你的职业生活有影响的事件吗?

常见英语面试问题

常见英语面试问题（工作经验篇）English Interview Questions--WORKING EXPERIENCE ●Tell me about your work experience in general terms. ●大概介绍一下你的工作经历 ●Why did you leave these jobs you just mentioned? ●为什么辞职？ ●What are some of the reasons for considering other employment at this time? ●为什么在这个时候选择其他工作？ ●Tell me about some of your past achievements. / What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization？ ●告诉我你过去的一些成绩。/ 你对现在（之前的）工作有何贡献？ ●What is the biggest mistake you have made in your career? ●在你职业生涯中，最大的错误是什么？ ●Will you describe your present duties & responsibilities? / What kind of work does the position involve? ●描述一下你现在工作的职责。/ 具体涉及到什么样的工作。 ●What are some things that frustrate you most in your present job? ●你现在工作中让你最受打击的有哪些事情？ ●How would you describe your present/past supervisor? ●描述一下你现在/之前的上级。 ●Can you describe a difficult obstacle you've had to overcome? How did you handle it? / Give me an example of your initiative in a challenging situation. ●描述一下你所客服的困难。你的处理方法是什么。举例说明在一个充满挑战的环境下你的主动性。 ●What is your rank of performance in your previous department? What special abilities make you achieve this kind of rank?

研究生复试英语常见问题及答案

复试英语常见问题一、自我介绍(self-introduce) Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is Zhulantian, 25. I come from Lianyungang, the city of Jiangsu Province. I graduated from the Changshu institute of technology in June, 2012.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been working in Bosideng group and I was a data analyst. Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you. I am open-minded, quick in thought and very fond of economics. In my spare time, I have broad interests like many other youngers. I like reading books, especially those about economics.In particular, during my college years,most of the books I've read are economic class. I am a snooker fan; my favorite is O'Sullivan, while Ding Junhui is also great in our country. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study Industrial Economics in this famous University, I will not live up to the teachers for their hard work. 二、面试家常题 1.考研原因(reasons for my choice) There are several reasons. I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I saw the book about the introduction of famous university. In my opinion, as one of the most famous university in our country, it provides people with enough room to get further enrichment. This is the first reason. The second one is I am long for doing research in Economy throughout my life. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision. Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my job during the past two years. However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development, especially in this competitive modern world. In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here. 2.研究生期间你的计划(plans in the postgraduate study) First, I hope I can form systematic view of Economics. As a graduate student, my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development. If 1

船长面试大纲

船长面试大纲一，ISPS(2004年7月1日生效)： 1．船舶保安等级由谁颁布？ 2．船上有哪些保安设备？ 3．ISSC证书有谁签发？有效期几年？ 4．SSP由谁保管？如何保管？其他船员是否可以看？ 5．[连续概要记录]（CONTINUOUS SYNOPSIS RECORD）有谁签发？其有效期为何？ 6．作为一个船舶保安员（SSO）应具备哪些保安方面的知识？ 7．一般船上有哪些登船口？如何管制？ 8．在不同保安等级情况下，梯口是如何管制的？（尤其是官方或港口当局人员，装卸工人及船公司人员等） 9．当船舶进入港口的保安等级高于船舶现行的保安等级时，船长该如何办？ 10．当船舶进入港口的保安等级低于船舶现行的保安等级时，船长该如何办？ 11．当船舶在港发生有油驳加油的作业时，你认为这是船/港界面活动还是船/船界面活动？ 12．根据规则规定，船舶抵港前要向港口国政府提交哪些船舶保安方面的信息？ 13．何谓限制区域？船上的限制区域是如何管制的？ 14．在何种情况下要签署和提交保安声明（DOS）？在船保存期限有何规定？ 15．培训/演习在时间上有哪些要求和规定？ 16．SSAS如何测试？

17．平时是如何使用和养护AIS以及注意事项？ 18．船舶的保安记录（SHIP SECURITY LOG）主要记载哪些事项？ 19．ISSC，SSP，SSAS，AIS，IMO NBR，DOS，SSO，PFSO，CSO，MARSEC，RESTRICTED AREA。二，ISM （1998年7月1日）： 1．ISM的英文全称及主要目标？ 2．ISM规则中，船长的五条责任为何？ 3．船长的超越权利（OVERRIDING AUTHORITY）是什么？ 4．对船上相应证书的知识（DOC和SMC：在船上何为原件？何为复印件？）。 5．SMS外审应准备哪些工作？ 6．何谓DP？ 7．船上CRITICAL OPERATION一般指哪些操作？（货物作业；进出港作业；航行安全（航行中能见度受限制、航行于交通繁忙区域、航行于限制之水域、航行于恶劣天气情况、无适当海图之航行和航行冰寒区域）；加油作业。） 8．船上SPECIAL OPERATION一般指哪些操作？（保持水密完整；定期检查机器与设备；备件及重要物品之检查及控管；安全巡逻；海盗、恐怖活动与偷渡之预防措施；进入密闭空间之限制；烧焊工作之限制；水下作业；海上更换压舱水；高空和舷外作业。） 9．船上重要机械和设备有哪些？（主机与控制系统；发电机；锅炉；操舵机械；救生与灭火设备；污染防止设备；航海设备；系泊设备；吊货机械及舱盖闭锁装置；电气装置。）

英文面试常见问题总结

面试常见37个问题 1．"Tell me about yourself" 简要介绍你自己。 2．"Why are you interested in this position?" 你为什么对这份工作感兴趣？3．"What are your strengths?" 谈谈你的优势？ 4．"What is Your Biggest Weakness?" 谈谈你最大的弱点是什么？ 5．"Why do You Feel You are Right for this Position?" 为什么你认为自己适合这个职位？ 6．"Can you give me the highlights of your resume?" 谈谈你的简历上有些什么值得特别关注的吗？ 7．"Why did you choose your major?" 你为什么选择这个专业？ 8．"What are your interests?" 你有哪些兴趣爱好呢？ 9．"What are your short and long term goals?" 你对于短期和长期的目标是什么？10．"Tell me how your friends/family would describe you?" 如果我向你的朋友或者家人询问对你的评价，你认为他们会怎样说？ 11．"Using single words, tell me your three greatest strengths and one weakness." 用简单的词，描述你的三项最突出的优点和一个缺点。 12．"What motivates you to succeed?" 你争取成功的动力是什么？ 13．"What qualities do you feel are important to be successful in _____ . customer service)?" 哪些品质在你看来对成功是最重要的？ 14．"What previous experience has helped you develop these qualities?" 哪些之前的精力帮助你获得了这些品质？ 15．"Can you give me an example of teamwork and leadership?" 你能向我列举一个团队活动和领导力的例子吗？ 16．"What was your greatest challenge and how did you overcome it?" 你经历过最大的挑战是什么？你如何跨越它的？ 17．"Why should I hire you over the other candidates I am interviewing?" 我为什么要从这么多应聘者中选择你呢？ 18．"Do you have any questions?" 你有一些什么问题吗？ 19．"What are your compensation expectations?" 你去年的收入是多少？你对于报酬有什么样的期望？ General Questions: 20．"What was your greatest accomplishment in past time?" 在过去的日子里，你觉得自己最大的成就是什么？ 21．"Have you ever been asked to do something unethical? If yes, how did you handle it?"曾经有人要求你去做一些不道德的事情吗？如果有，你是怎么处理的呢？ 22．"What do you do if you totally disagree with a request made by your manager?"如果你完全不同意你上司的某个要求，你怎么处理？ Leadership Questions: 23．"When in a group setting, what is your typical role?" 你在团队中通常的作用是什么？ 24．"How do you motivate a team to succeed?" 你怎么激励团队达到成功？

英语面试问题及答案教学内容

英语面试问题及答案英语面试问题及答案当你投递简历结束后．．．新一轮的难题又来了，如何面试，面试问题大作战拉，如何在面试的过程中包装自己拉等等的．．．一份好的简历能让你走出成功的第一步，这个不假，但是如果要取得完全的成功，那就要看你的面试如何了．．．简历是你给老板的第一印象，这种印象可以比较飘渺，在简历上老板可以加以想象，可是面试的时候却是一个真真实实的你．以下的更新请大家耐心的慢慢看完，相信会对你们的面试有帮助的找一份满意的工作吗? 面试中面对外国老板连珠炮似的提问, 有没有觉得心慌意乱、无所适从？求职过程中面试尤为重要，回答问题，如果能简明扼要，真诚中肯，合乎老外口味，那么录取机会必定大大增加。当然，有的问题，也要轻描淡写，以免言多必失。本篇摘录了若干面试中出现频率较高的问题及精彩回答，希望能在您求职路上助您一臂之力。 Q：Can you tell yourself in two minutes? go for it.(你能在两分钟內自我推荐吗？大胆试试吧！) A：With my qualifications and experience, I feel I am hardworking, responsible and diligent in any project I undertake. Your organization could benefit from my analytical and interpersonal skills Q：Give me a summary of your current job description. (对你目前的工作，能否做个概括的说明。) A：I have been working as a computer programmer for five years. To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and provide software support.

大副面试大纲

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interests me the most. （薪水固然重要，但这工作伴随而来的责任更吸引我。）假如你有家眷，可以说： To be frank and open with you, I like this job, but I have a family to support. （坦白地说，我喜欢这份工作，不过我必须要负担我的家庭。）面试例题 2 What do you want most from your work? （你最希望从工作中得到什么答案 I hope to get a kind of learning to get skills from my work. I want to learn some working

skills and become a professional in an industry. （我最希望得到的是一种学习，能让我学到工作的技能。虽然我已经在学校学习了快16年但只是学习到了知识，在学校里，没有机会接触到真正的社会，没有掌握一项工作技能，所以我最希望获得一项工作的技能，能够成为某一个行业领域的专业人士。）面试例题 3 Why did you choose us? （你为什么选择到我们公司来应聘答案 As the saying goes, "well begun is half done".

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其次则是要避免过多,过于主观地谈及宗教文化或时事政治方面的问题.不少面试者出于第一项提到的急于展示英语水平的目的,或是想给面试官留下深刻印象的目的`,常常会犯这个错误. 在英语面试中,面试官很有可能不同的国家与地区,有一定的个人倾向.因此作为面试者,在不了解情况的状态下,如果谈到此类话题,谨慎而有节制的发言才是上上策. 一般而言,对于非英语专业要求的工作,面试常常主要是英语口试形式.但是要注意的是这与英语考试的口试不同,面试人员通常是由公司的人事主管,应聘部门主管或公司高层组成,他们更关心和器重的是你的专业知识和工作能力,而英语此时只是一种交流工具,或者说是你要展示的众多技能中的一种,因此要切忌为说英语而说英语,有些人就怕自己的英语减分,为了希望给面试官留下英语水平高的印象,常常会大量的使用事先准备好的花哨的词汇及句式,而真正针对面试官所提问题的、与工作有关的个人见解却很少,内容空泛,逻辑混乱.最后除了得到一句英语不错的夸奖之外,恐怕很难有理想的收获.因为在漂亮英语和聪明头脑之间,面试官总是会选择后者的. 首先，我们先看在外企中，员工的目标都是希望能够成为一个出色的职业经理人，而在外企中的那些核心事务，一定是国际化的，

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（9）船长在职务调动交接时的职责包括：①船体强度状况；②船员的适任状况；③机电设备技术状况。（10）船长在职务调动交接时的职责包括：①交接船舶证书及其有效期；②现存的燃油、淡水和压载情况。（11）按照SOLAS公约规定，操舵装置的试验和操作要求有哪些？①船舶开航前12小时内应对操舵装置进行检查和试验；②试验和演习的日期应记入航海日志。（12） ISM规则的内容包括：①船舶和公司同时建立安全管理体系；②指定与公司和船舶之间进行联系的岸上人员。（13）安全管理发证的正确叙述为：①“符合证明” (DOC)由主管机关签发给符合1SM规则的公司；②安全管理证书”(SMC)由主管机关签发给已经按照安全管理体系运作的船舶；③DOC和SMC的有效期均为5年，临时SMC有效期不超过6个月。（14）当PS C检查时发现哪些情况时可不准船舶开航？①船舶所属公司没有DOC;②没有执行安全管理体系。（15）根据我国”船舶安全管理体系认证规范”的规定，船级社对船舶的安全管理体系的审核有：①初次审核②附加审核。（16）为了防止值班人员疲劳，STVW公约规定值班人员每天10小时的最短休息时间可被减至连续的6小时，条件是这种减少不得超过2天，并且7天内的休息时间不少于70小时。（17）我国《海上交通安全法》对船员的要求包括：①满足最低安全配员的要求；②船员必须经相应的技术培训的要求；③船员必须

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英语面试常见问题英语面试常见问题Please introduce yourself.（请介绍你自己。）Why are you interested in this job？（你为什么会对这份工作感兴趣？）Do you think your ean extro- vert or an intro-vert？（你认为你是个性外向的人还是个性内向的人？）What is your greatest weakness？（你最大的缺点是什么？）Do you have any actual work experience？（你有实际的工作经验吗？）How were your gradesat school？（你在学校成绩如何？）Could you tell me what do you know about our company？（可以谈谈你对本公司的认识吗？）Have you sent your application to any other companies？（你有没有应征其他公司吗？）What are you going to do if you are ordered to work overtime？（如果你被迫要加班，你会怎么办？）What salary would you expect toget？（你希望拿多少薪水？）是不是觉得有些问题挺棘手的？Q：Can you sell yourself in two minutes？Go for it. （你能在两分钟內自我推荐吗？大胆试试吧！）A：With my qualifications and experience I feel I am hardworking responsible and diligent in any project I undertake. Your organization could benefit from my analytical and interpersonal skills.(依我的资格和经验，我觉得我对所从事的每一个项目都很努力、负责、勤勉。我的分析能力和与人相处的技巧，对贵单位必有价值。) Q：Give me a summary of your current job description. (对你目前的工作，能否做个概括的说明。) A：I have been working as a computer programmer for five years. To be specific I do system analysis trouble shooting and provide software support. (我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说，我做系统分析，解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。）Q：Why did you leave your last job？(你为什么离职呢？) A：Well I am hoping to get an offer of a better position. If opportunity knocks I will take it.（我希望能获得一份更好的工作，如果机会来临，我会抓住。）A：I feel I have reached the "glass ceiling" in my current job. / I feel there is no opportunity for advancement. （我觉得目前的工作，已经达到顶峰，即沒有升迁机会。) Q：How do you rate yourself as a professional？(你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢？)A：With my strong academic background I am capable and competent. (凭借我良好的学术背景，我可以胜任自己的工作，而且我认为自己很有竞争力。）A：With my teaching experience I am confident that I can relate to students very well. (依我的教学经验，我相信能与学生相处的很好。) Q：What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization？(你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献？) A：I have finished three new projects and I am sure I can apply my experience to this position. (我已经完成三个新项目，我相信我能将我的经验用在这份工作上。) Q：What do you think you are worth to us？(你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢？)A：I feel I can make some positive contributions to your company in the future. (我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。) Q：What make you think you would be a success in this position？(你如何知道你能胜任这份工作？）A：My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular job. I am sure I will be successful. (我在研究所的训练，加上实习工作，使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。) Q：Are you a multi-tasked individual？(你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗？) or Do you work well under stress or pressure？(你能承受工作上的压力吗) A：Yes I think so. A：The trait is needed in my current（or previous) position and I know I can handle it well. (这种特点就是我目前（先前）工作所需要的，我知道我能应付自如。) Q：What is your strongest trait(s)？(你个性上最大的特点是什么？) A：Helpfulness and caring.（乐于助人和关心他人。）A：Adaptability and sense of humor.（适应能力和幽默感。）A：Cheerfulness and friendliness.（乐观和友爱。）Q：How would your friends or colleagues describe you？（你的朋友或同事怎样形容你？）A：(pause