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Grammar (冠词)

Grammar (冠词)
Grammar (冠词)

冠词

一.冠词概述

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义

冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。

定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用

二.a和an的区别

不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an 用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

例如:a boy,a university,a European country;

an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella

三.不定冠词的用法

1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

4.表示“每一”,相当于every. 例如,I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如,I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。

6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot(of)许多,大量;after a while过一会儿

四.定冠词的用法

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Open the window,please.请打开窗户。

3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如:I have a car.The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。

4.指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?

5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如:The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。

6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如,the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国

7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人

8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如:the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间

10.用在乐器名称前。例如:She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。

11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

例如:the Black Sea黑海,the Yangzi River长江

12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the

shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外

五.零冠词的用法

1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,Class Two二班,Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场,water水

2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。

例如my book(正);my the book(误)

3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

例如,They are teachers.他们是老师。

Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉

4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on Sunday在周日,in March在三月,in spring在春天,on Women’s Day在妇女节

(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)

5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈

6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:I have lunch at school every day.

特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:No.25 Middle School

8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike 骑/坐自行车;by train乘火车;by air/plane乘飞机;by sea/ship乘船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词

(2)名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻;here and there到处

(3)介词词组:at home在家;in surprise惊奇地;at noon在中午;on foot 步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time准时;for example 例如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上

(4)go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

六.用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边

on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上

in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面

take place发生/take the place(of)代替

at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

in future从今以后,将来/in the future未来

go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上

two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的

next year明年/the next year 第二年

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

语法专项之冠词习题及答案

1. John spent too much time talking on ____ phone while we were all busy at ____ work.

A. the; /

B. a; /

C. /; /

D. the; the

2. You can have ____ second try if you fail ____ first time.

A. the; /

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. a; the

3. I di dn’t tell him____ news at once because I wanted to give him ____ surprise.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. the; a

D. /; the

4. — Who is your English teacher?

— Mr. White, ____ European working in ____ Nanjing University.

A. an; the

B. a; the

C. an; /

D. a; /

5. When we study a globe, we can see ____ is the largest ocean and ____ the largest continent.

A. the Pacific; Asia

B. Pacific; the Asia

C. the Pacific; the Asia

D. Pacific; Asia

6. The soldier was wounded in ____, but he caught the enemy officer by____.

A. the knee; the arm

B. his knee; his arm

C. his knee; the arm

D. the knee; his arm

7. According to the recent reports, one of the rare animals, ____ crocodile, is in ____ danger of dying out.

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. /; /

D. /; the

8. I don’t know who invented ____ telescope, but I think it is ____ most useful invention.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. a; the

D. a; a

9. Things of ____ kind come together; people of a mind fall into ____ same group.

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

10. We must pay special attention to the idioms of ____ English language.

A. the

B. some

C. an

D. /

11. My brother and I wanted to see the new play, but we weren’t able to get the tickets for ____

two of us.

A. /

B. the

C. among

D. between

12. — Tina looks especially pretty tonight.

— Yes, she always looks her best in ____ of that color.

A. dress

B. a dress

C. that dress

D. the dress

13. We elected Tom ____ monitor of our class for ____ second time.

A. /; a

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. a; a

14. Child, don’t worry too much about ____ mistakes. They’re ____ natural part of learning something.

A. the; the

B. /; the

C. the; /

D. /; a

15. —Where’s Kate? —I suppose she’s still in ____ bed, but she might just be in ____ dining-room.

A. /; the

B. /; /

C. the; /

D. the; the

16. Judging from ____ number of cars, only ____ small number of people have come to the

conference.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; the

D. the; a

17. — What was Mary once? — She was ____ professor of medicine before she turned ____ writer.

A. a; the

B. a; /

C. the; /

D. the; the

18. — I hear the workers in his factory are paid by ____ week.

— Correct, and most of them get about 400 Yuan ____ week.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. /; a

D. the; /

19. Could you do me ____ favor to turn on the light?

A. a

B. the

C. /

D. some

20. She arrived here by ____ way of Hong Kong. In ____ way her health is much improved, but she still doesn’t feel well.

A. /; a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

21. I remember the writer lives in ____ west, so we should head ____ west.

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. /; the

D. /; /

22. You have missed ____ “n” in your spelling of ____ word “government”.

A. an; a

B. an; the

C. a; the

D. the; /

23. Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _____ music.

A. /, the

B. /, /

C. the, /

D. the, the

24. Beyond _____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _______ space.

A. the, /

B. /, the

C. /, /

D. the, the

25. Alexander Graham Bell invented _____ telephone in 1876.

A. /

B. a

C. the

D. one

26. He saw through the littl e boy’s tricks ______.

A. at glance

B. at the glance

C. at some glance

D. at a glance

27. Many people are still in _______ habit of writing silly things in ______ public places.

A. the, the

B. /, /

C. the, /

D. /, the

28. She is __________ newcomer to ________ chemistry, but she has already made some important

discoveries.

A. the, the

B. the, /

C. a, /

D. a, the

29.—-I’d like ____ information about the management of you hotel, please.

--Well, you could have ____ word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some, a

B. an, some

C. some, some

D. an, a

30. Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in_______ international trade today.

A. a; 不填

B. the; an

C. the; the

D.不填; the

31. -Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.

-Is it _______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. the; a

D. a; a

32. Paper money was in_________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth century.

A. the; 不填B. the; the C.不填; the D.不填; 不填

33. Most animals have little connection with______ animals of _____different kind unless they kill them for food.

A. the; a B.不填; a C. the; the D.不填: the

34. The warmth of ______sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _____wool used.

A. the; the B.the; 不填 C.不填; the D.不填; 不填

35. Jumping out of _____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______exciting experience.

A.不填;the B.不填; an C. an; an D. the; the

36. The sign reads “In case of _______fire, break the glass and push _____ red button.”

A.不填; aB.不填; the C. the; the D. a; a

37. Summers in____ south of France are for ______ most part dry and sunny.

A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the

38. Mr. Smith, there’s a man at ______front door who says he has ______news for you of great importance.

A. the; 不填B.the; the C.不填; 不填 D.不填; the

39 I don’t like talking on______ telephone; I prefer writing ______letters.

A. a; theB.the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填

40. There’s ______dictionary on_______desk by your side.

A. a; theB.a; a C. the; a D. the; the

41. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _________good knowledge of basic word formation.

A.不填B. the C .a D. one

42. The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have ______ third one because _______second one is rather too small.

A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a

43. I earn 10 dollars _______ hour as _______supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the

44. An accident happened at _______crossroads a few meters away from ______bank.

A. a; a B.不填; a C.不填; the D. the; 不填

45. On ______ news today, there were ______ reports of heavy snow in that area.

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C.不填; 不填

D.不填; the

46. The most important thing about cotton in history is _____ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.

A.不填;不填B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the

47. It is ______ world of wonders, ______ world where anything can happen.

A. a; theB.a; a C. the; a D.不填; 不填

48. Tom owns ______ larger collection of ______ books than any other student in our class.

A. the; 不填B.a; 不填 C. a; the D.不填; the

49. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ______ hotel; I can find you ______ bed in my flat.

A. the; aB. the; 不填 C a; the D. a; 不填

50. ________ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.

A The Whites

B the White’s

C Whites

D White’

51. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.

A. the breakfast in

B. the breakfast in the

C. breakfast in

D. breakfast in the

52.______ usually go to church every Sunday.

A. The Brown

B. A Brown

C. Browns

D. The Browns

53. The train is running fifty miles ______.

A. an hour

B. one hour

C. the hour

D. a hour

54. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.

A. those poor

B. a poor

C. poor

D. the poor

55. You look in high spirit. You must have ______ during your holiday.

A. wonderful time

B. a wonderful time

C. the wonderful time

D. some wonderful time

56. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ______ traffic there was so heavy.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. one

57. A new teacher was sent to the village in place of ______ one who had retired.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D. its

58. If you go by train you can have quite ______ comfortable journey.

A. the

B. one

C. a

D. that

59. I want an assistant with ______ knowledge of French and ______ experience of office routine.

A. the…the

B. a…the

C. a…an

D. the…an

60. It is reported that today ______ president will have lunch with ______ President Omon.

A. the…the

B. a…a

C. the…/

D. /…/

61. Tianan Men Square and ______ Great Wall are tow of the places everyone should see in ______ People’s Republic of China.

A. the…the

B. /…/

C. the…/

D. /…the

62. Their victory is ______, for they’ve lost too many men.

A. out of question

B. out of the question

C. out question

D. of question

63. Many a girl wants to become ______.

A. some secretary

B. a secretary

C. secretary

D. secretaries

64. He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus.

A. a arm

B. an arm

C. the arm

D. by the arm

65. I’ll come in ______ minute; in fact I’ll come ______ moment I’m through.

A. /…the

B. a…the

C. the…a

D. /…/

66. This is one of ______ interesting books on your subject.

A. the most

B. the most of the

C. most

D. most of the

67. He enjoys life ______ the “Queen Anne”.

A. on a board b. on board C. in the board D. board

68. Most of the representatives think that ______ the meeting was very successful.

A. on whole of

B. on a whole

C. on the whole

D. on the whole that

69. Hundreds of people are ______ now, so there are about 50 people trying for the same position.

A. out of the work

B. out work

C. out of work

D. out of a work

70. Contrary to what I had expected, he lost for ______.

A. second time

B. a second time

C. second times

D. the second time

71. Fashions change and people change too, but the old feeling remains ______.

A. the same

B. same

C. that same

D. as same

72. This is ______ which is collected before the first rain in Spring.

A. one tea

B. a tea

C. the tea

D. that tea

73.______ is known by its note, ______ is known by his talk.

A. A bird/a man

B. One bird/one man

C. The bird/the man

D. Bird/man

74. Never travel with ______ who leaves you in case of danger.

A. the friend

B. that friend

C. a friend

D. friend

75. I don’t think ______ is a better car than our makes.

A. a Ford

B. Ford’s

C. the Ford

D. Ford

76. “What is Todger?”“He is ______.”

A. a poet and novelist

B. a poet and a novelist

C. poet and novelist

D. the poet and novelist

77. “How did you pay the workers?”

“As a rule, they are paid ______.”

A. by an your

B. by the hour

C. by a hour

D. by hours

78. The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers ______.

A. from east to west

B. from the east to west

C. from the east to the west

D. from eastern to western

79. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.

A. the town and the country

B. town and country

C. a town and a country

D. a town and the country

80. Scientists hope to send an expedition to Mars during ______.

A. the 1990s

B. the 1990

C. 1990s

D. 1990’s

Key: 1 ADCDA ABBBA 11 BBADA DBABA 21 BBCAC DCCAA31 DCBBC BDABA

41 CCCAB CBBAA 51 CDADB CBCCC 61 ABDDB ABCCB 71ABACC ABCBA

(完整版)定冠词the口诀及用法举例

顺口溜 顺口溜(1) 沙漠河流与群山,岛屿海峡和海湾;阶级党派国家名,组织团体和机关; 方位朝代最高级,会议条约及报刊;人体部位发明物,顺序唯一加习惯; 乐器建筑海洋类,年代姓氏复数前;特定比较涵义时,定冠词the都不删。 不定冠词用法口诀(2) 泛指首提为最多,有时表示某“一个”;物质抽象表“一场”,So加形容再“a”; 可数名词为“一类”,序数词前“又一个”Quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。 不用冠词顺口溜(3 ) 年季月周节日餐,人地抽名物质专;成对使用及洲名,学科球棋和语言 Turn之表语头衔前,独立主格时无冠;可数名词代修饰,让步倒装名形前; 交通工具冠词删,灵活运用是关键。 不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音音素开头的词前,"an"用在以元音音素开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。一般情况下,an用在元音之前,而不是原音字母之前,例如hour,第一个元音是“啊”,故用an。当字母单独出现时 A E I O R S F H L X 也要使用不定冠词"an",其次特别要注意的是U 这个字母单独出现发的并不是原音同理UNIVERSITY USUAL也都不用不定冠词"an"。 1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示"一" There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 也可用定冠词the+形容词代表一类人) The poor are still poor. 3. 表示"某一个"的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示"同一"的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示"每一"的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在英国英语中,以"h"开头的多音节词,如第一个音节不重读,其前亦可用"an" There is an hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。

英语名词和冠词的用法

英语名词和冠词的用法 英语名词和冠词的用法 一、名词Noun (一)名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示: (二)名词——名词的复数规则变化 (三)名词——名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses (四)名词——定语名词的复数

小学定冠词和不定冠词

冠词重点知识归纳及讲解 (一)概说 1.冠词是一种虚词,不能独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词: 1)定冠词the 2)不定冠词a/an 定冠词the通常读作[],在元音前读作[i],特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。 不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式,读作[n];在其他情况下则使用a,读作[]。 2.冠词的基本意义 不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在可数名词单数前。 例如: She is a nurse. 她是个护士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人,有一个爱尔兰妻子。 定冠词the,与this同源,有“这(那)个”的意思,但比较弱,表示一(几)个特定的人或东西,有时可译作“这个(些)”或“那个(些)”。 例如: That’s the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 Who’s the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁? 但在很多情况下,“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。 例如: Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。 3.特指和泛指 一般来说,名词有特指和泛指两种情况,请比较下面的句子: A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。(泛指) Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。(特指) 在特指时一般前面要加定冠词,而泛指时则有三种情况: 1)在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。 例如: She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。 2)在可数名词复数前可不加冠词,可使用some, any这类词。 例如: These are new words. 这些是生词。 She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。 3)在不可数名词前多不加什么,有时也可加some, any等。 例如:It’s lovely weather. 天气真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗? Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。

冠词用法口诀

冠词用法口诀 泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。 释:1)泛指用a/ an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。 2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。 3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。 定冠词:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。 (1)the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如: Where is the teacher? 老师在哪里? (2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如: I can see a cat. The cat is L ucy’s. 我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。 (3)the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如: The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转。 (4)the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如: Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。 (5)the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the great wall(长城),the people’s park(人民公园)等。 (6)the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如:in the day(在白天),play the piano(弹钢琴)等。 不用冠词:代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 (1)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时,不用冠词。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those

英语名词与冠词

英语语法——名词与冠词 来源:普特英语 名词 一.定义 什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。如: baby 婴儿time 时间 pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义 air 空气Shanghai 上海 二.名词的种类 英语名词可分为两大类: 1.普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如: soldier 士兵water 水 pupil 学生health 健康 machine 机器pleasure 快乐

2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如: Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔?马克思 London 伦敦China 中国 The Communist Party of China中国共产党 The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部 1.1普通名词的种类 普通名词可进一步分为: 1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。如: tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫 factory 工厂teacher 教员 2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。如: class 阶级,班herd 兽群 crowd 人群army 军队

3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如: steel 钢gram 粮食 fire 火cotton 棉花 4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如: happiness 幸福life 生活 work 工作whiteness 白色 三.名词的数 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分,不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词,又可用作可数名词,但意义有所不同。如: 用作不可数名词用作可数名词 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸报纸,文件

不定冠词a_an的用法

不定冠词a an的用法 一、教学目标 1.让学生通过比较掌握不定冠词a 和an的用法。 2.学会在句子及写作中运用不定冠词a和an。 二、教学重难点: 重点:掌握不定冠词a 和an的用法 难点:学会使用不定冠词a 和an 三、教学过程 1.讲解英语中两个冠词的区别 a/an在英语中被称为不定冠词。它们表示一(个,只,本,件,块,片……),在意义上没有区别。 用a/an时,我们必须记住两条基本原则: ①a/an有不确定的意义。(即所说的人、动物或东西对听者或读者来说可能是不知道的) ②a/an只能用于单数可数名词之前。 例如:a book (一本书), an eraser(一块橡皮) 在英语中,液状、气状物体等很多都属于不可数名词,前面不能够带有不定冠词。 例如cola 可乐,milk 牛奶,water 水和gas 汽油,等等。 2.a和an的区别 不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。 值得注意的是: A.。以元音字母开头但是发辅音,用a: university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。

B.以辅音字母开头但是发元音,用an: hour, honest。 3.通过短语操练让学生掌握a 和an的使用 e.g: a bus 一辆公交车 a car 一辆汽车 a pen 一支钢笔 a table 一张桌子 an apple 一个苹果 a cake 一块蛋糕 an elephant一头大象 an egg 一个鸡蛋 an English book 一本英语书 an eraser 一块橡皮4.在句子中练习不定冠词 a 和an的用法 重点强调特殊情况下的使用

冠词用法口诀及习题

英语口语语法学习口诀——定冠词用法口诀 1.有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖);Lake Erie(伊利湖) 2.有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars, Venus; 3.有山无峰:The Huangshan Mountains(黄山);Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰);Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山). 4.有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Antarctica, Oceania 5.有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the Indians(印第安人);球类运动baseball, basketball 6.有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the The Constitution(宪法); chapter one 7.学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; The University of Fudan; Fudan University 一、定冠词的用法。 特指双熟悉,上文已提及; 世上独无二,序数最高级; 某些专有名,习语及乐器。 以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况,即: ①特指某些人或物 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 ③上文已经提到的人或事 ④世界上独一无二的事物前 ⑤序数词回形容词最高级前 ⑥某些专有名词前 ⑦一些习惯短语(如:in the day等)中和乐器前(如:play the violin / piano)。 二、不用冠词的集中情况。 下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况,即: ①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 ②专有名词和不可数名词前。

高考英语真题分项详解名词和冠词解析版

专题10 名词和冠词 【2020年】 1.(2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so than the familiar near side. 【答案】interest 【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 2.(2020·新课标I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 3.(2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 4.(2020·新课标II卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 【答案】将vacations改为vacation 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子,vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 5.(2020·新课标III卷)Filled with 64.(curious),the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 6. (2020·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______. A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;

定冠词和不定冠词的主要用法区别

定冠词和不定冠词的主要用法区别 1. There is a rabbit under the tree. The rabbit is eating a carrot. 第一次提到某物,用不定冠词,再次提到相同的事物,用定冠词 2. Who is your best friend in the company? 虽然第一次提到,但是说话双方都知道的那个company. 3. Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. 形容词或副词最高级前一定要用the。如果a, an和最高级连用,意思就变了: Bill Gates is a richest man in the world. 比尔盖茨是世界上最有钱的人之一。 表示某一类事物时,可以用定冠词,不定冠词和复数三种形式表达 比如:The elephant is a friendly animal. An elephant is a friendly animal. Elephants are a friendly animal. 注意:单数可数名词前一定要用冠词,无论名词前有多少修饰语 比如:My mother is a kind, generous, optimistic, open-minded, and honest person 在英语中,有时两个部分合在一起构成一个词,表达的是一种意思;两个部分分开,各成一个词时,表达另一种意思,有另外的用法。现将中学英语课本中出现的这类“分合有别、用法各异”的词语归纳分析如下: 1. away 与 a way away 用作副词时,意为“远”、“离开”、“远离”,通常作 be 的表语,也可以放在动词或副词之后,与动词一起构成短语动词;a way 是名词短语,是“一条路”、“一个方法”之意。例如: Who will look after these children when I'm away? 我走了之后,谁来照看这些孩子? The village is about eight miles away from here. 那个村子离这儿大约有八英里远。 She thought hard, and she found a way at last. 她苦思冥想,终于找到了一个方法。 2. already 与 all ready already 是副词,意为“已经”,常与完成时态连用;all ready 是形容词短语,常用作表语,意为“一切就绪”、“都准备好了”。例如:We have already finished our work. 我们已经做完了我们的工作。 We are all ready for the trip. Let's go. 我们都做好了旅行的准备。那么咱们就上路吧。 3. awhile 与 a while awhile 是副词,意思是“一会儿”、“片刻”,其前不可加介词或副词; a while 是名词短语,意思是“一会儿”(与 awhile 同义),a while 前面可以加介词in,after或for,也可加副词quite。例如: Wait awhile. [= Wait (for) a while. ] 等一会儿。 The postman came quite a while ago. 邮递员好一会儿前来过。 After a while, they quarrelled again. 过了一会儿,他们又吵了起来。 4. asleep 与 a sleep asleep 是形容词,意为“睡着的”,只能跟在fall 和be 后面作表语,或置于find 后面作宾语补足语;a sleep 是名词短语,意为“一段睡眠”,与have 连用,构成 have a sleep (睡一会)。例如: Don't make any noise. The baby is asleep. 别闹,小孩睡着了。 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡,这时传来很响的敲门声。 I had a sound sleep last night. 昨晚我睡得很香。 5. anyway 与 any way anyway 是副词,意为“不管怎样”、“无论如何”(= anyhow);any way 是名词短语,意为“任何方面”、“任何方式”,前面要加介词in 等。例如: Anyway I must finish the work today. 无论如何我今天也要做完这项工作。 Thank you anyway. 我毕竟还要感谢你的。 Can I be of some help to you in any way? 我可以在哪一方面帮帮你吗? 6. anyone 与 any one

不定冠词a 、an及其用法

不定冠词a 、an及其用法 a/an(不定冠词) a用在以辅音字母开头,或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面: a man一个男人 a university一所大学 a hat一顶帽子 a European一个欧洲人 a one-way street一条单行马路 an用在以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)开头,或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面:an apple一个苹果 an island一个岛 an uncle一位大叔 an onion一个洋葱 an egg一个鸡蛋 an hour一小时 an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面: an L-plate一块“实习驾驶”车牌 an MP一个国会议员 an SOS一个呼救信号 an…x?一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数 a/an没有性的变化: a man一个男人

a woman一个女人 an actor一个男演员 an actress一个女演员 a table一张桌子 a/an的用法 A 用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面:I need a visa. 我需要签证。 They live in a flat. 他们住一个套间。 He bought an ice-cream. 他买了一个冰淇淋。 B 用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面: A car must be insured. 汽车必须投保。相当于: All cars/Any car must be insured. 所有汽车/任何汽车都必须投保。 A child needs love. 孩子需要爱。相当于: All children need/Any child needs love. 所有孩子/任何孩子都需要爱。 C 用在作表语的名词(包括职业名称)前面:

冠词用法及口诀

冠词用法及口诀 冠词分为不定冠词a/ an和定冠词the,在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆: 泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。 [注](1)泛指用a/ an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。 (2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。 (3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。 我们可以将冠词与名词的搭配情况总结列表如下: 冠词 单数可数名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词 a/an book(泛指) the book(特指) books(特指) bread(特指) 不用冠词 books(泛指) bread(泛指) 一. 用不定冠词的情况: 单数可数名词前用到不定冠词a/ an时,一定要根据它后面单词的首音素来判断。a接以辅音音素开头的单词或字母,an接以元音音素开头的单词或字母。如: a book, a Japanese car, an egg, an hour(h不发音),an“s”(字母s的首音素为[e]),a“u”(字母u的首音素为[j])二. 用定冠词的情况: 定冠词the的用法很多,也较复杂,因此同学们常常出错。其实the的用法可以用以下口诀来记忆和理解: 特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。

[注](1)the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如: Where is the teacher? 老师在哪里? (2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如: I can see a cat. The cat is Lucy”s. 我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。 (3)the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转。 (4)the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如: Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。 (5)the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall(长城),the People”s Park(人民公园)等。 (6)the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如:in the day(在白天),play the piano(弹钢琴)等。三. 不用冠词的情况: 以下口诀可以帮助我们记忆名词前不使用冠词的情况: 代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 [注](1)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等 限定词时,不用冠词。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。 (2)泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。 (3)复数名词表示泛指时,不用冠词。如: The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。 (4)在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如:Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。

德语中的冠词与不定冠词

一:冠词的种类 德语的冠词分定冠词(der bestimmte Artikel)与不定冠词(der unbestimmte Artikel)两种。 定冠词就是指:der das die (复数die) 不定冠词就是指:ein eine ein (不定冠词没有复数) kein keine kein 二:冠词的功能 1.定冠词标志着德语名词的语法属性,德语名词的变格也要借助于定冠词,才能明确的表达出来。定冠词标志着名词的性、数、格,在名词的变格中起着重要的作用。带定冠词的名词表示已知的、确指的、再次提到的人或事物。不定冠词表示任何一个或某几个,就是从数词或不定代词发展来的。 2.带有定冠词与不定冠词的名词都有表示个体与概括的功能。 1)表示个体的功能 带定冠词的名词表示的就是特定的个体,带不定冠词的名词表示的就是泛指的个体。 2)表示概括的功能 用带定冠词或不定冠词的名词代表一类人或一类事物。 三:冠词的用法 1.定冠词的用法 1)定冠词用来表示已知的或前面提到的人或事物,或者人们已熟悉的人、事物或概念。Der Lehrer schreibt das Wort an die Tafel、(老师写在黑板上的字。) EG:I have an car、The car is red、 2)名词前有形容词最高级或序数词做定语时。 Das war der sch?nste Tag für sie、(这就是对她们最好的一天。) Heute ist der erste Oktober、(今天就是十月一号。) EG: January is the first month of the year、 特别:如果名词前面的形容词不就是用于比较,而就是用于表达事物的很高程度时,不用定冠词。 Der Betrieb besitzt modernste Maschinen、(公司拥有先进的机械。) 3)表示世界上独一无二的事物。 Die Sonne der Mond die Erde 太阳月亮地球

不定冠词用法口诀

不定冠词用法口诀,定冠词用法口诀,零冠词用法口诀? 一、定冠词的用法。 某些专有名,习语及乐器。 以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况,即: ①特指某些人或物 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 ③上文已经提到的人或事 ④世界上独一无二的事物前 ⑤序数词回形容词最高级前 ⑥某些专有名词前 ⑦一些习惯短语(如:in the day等)中和乐器前(如:play the violin / piano)。 二、不用冠词的集中情况。(零冠词) 下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况,即: ①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 ②专有名词和不可数名词前。 ③表示学科的(如:maths、Chinese、physics)名词前。 ④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。 ⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事)时。 ⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。 ⑦表示颜色(如:It's red / yellow.)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China. They come from America.)。 ⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。 ⑨某些习惯短语中(如:in bed、go to school等)。

1.有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖);Lake Erie(伊利湖) 2.有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰:The Huangshan Mountains(黄山);Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰);Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山). 4.有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania 5.有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the Indians(印第安人);球类运动baseball,basketball 6.有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the The Constitution(宪法); chapter one 7.学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; The University of Fudan; Fudan University 不定冠词的用法 泛指首提为最多,有时表示某“一个”; 物质抽象表“一场”,So加形容再“a”; 可数名词为“一类”,序数词前“又一个” Quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。 不定冠词有"a 和 an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音开头的词前。 注意:判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。 1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一” There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人或物 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示“某一个”的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有位先生要见你。 4. 表示“同一”的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。

高考英语-名词与冠词-专题练习(一)(含答案与解析)

高考英语专题练习(一) 名词与冠词 1.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract). 2.The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed. 3.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve). 4.Recent ________ (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 5.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks. 6.Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 7.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late ________ (pay )may affect your credit. 8.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ (different)unite, rather than divide us. 9.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects. 10.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 11.We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)12.I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 13.His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade. A./; a; the B.the; the; a C./; the; a D.a; the; the 14.The smallest good habits can make a big ________. 15.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.(strength, talent, ability, skill) 16.In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed ______ very large stone. 17.Like many popular restaurants in Paris, ________ (reserve)are hard to get at Dave, so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door. 18.He pushed and pulled with all his ________ (strong)to move it. 19.He asked ________ (permit)to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr. Wickham, and who had apparently arrived recently from London. 20.Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________ (adolescent). 21.Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ________ (choose)than boys. 22.I have a strong ________ (believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too. 23.So I asked her why she sat there in ________ (silent). 24.About 20 percent of ________ (baby)feel nervous when they see strangers. 25.There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _______

定冠词和不定冠词的用法

定冠词: 具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,或用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。 例如:The panda is one of the animals most in danger. Italy is in the south of Europe. The earth goes round the sun. . 基本用法: 1). 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”) Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4). 用在序数词和形容词和最高级前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 5). 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物

the sun 太阳the moon 月亮 6). 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 长城 7). 表示方向、方位 in the east 在东方in the west 在西方 8). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Yellow River 黄河 9). 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10). 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人the rich 富人 11). 表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 [中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)] 12).某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上go to the cinema 去看电影 关于定冠词The 的用法: 1 表示特指的人或物 例:Please hand me the key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。

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