Summary专项练习

Summary专项练习

一、Original:

My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper.

One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!

Summary:

The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox.

二、Original:

Why do some animals die out?

In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.

Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.

Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.

Summary:

In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes. 三、Original:

Of all the games held throughout Greece, those staged at Olympia in honor of Zeus are the most famous. The Games, like all Greek games, were an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Held every four years between August 6 and September 19, they occupied such an important place in Greek life that time was measured by the interval between them –an Olympiad. Although the first Olympic champion listed in the records was one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, who won the sprint race in 776 BC, it is generally accepted that the Games were probably at least 500 years old at that time. According to one legend, they were founded by Heracles, son of Alcmene.

The Games were held at Olympia in the city-state of Elis, on a track about 32 meters (35 yards) wide. The racing length was one stade, a distance of about 192 meters (210 yards) which was one length of the track. At the meeting in 776 BC, there was apparently only one event, the stade, but other events were added over the ensuing decades. In 724 BC a two-length race, diaulos, roughly similar to the 400-meter race, was included and four years later, the dolichos, a long-distance race possibly to be compared to the modern 1500- or even 5000-meter event, was added . wresting and the pentathlon were introduced in 708BC. The latter was an all-around competition consisting of five events –the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wresting.

Boxing was introduced in 688 BC, and in 680 a chariot race. In 648, the pancratium, a kind of all-strength, or no-hold-barred, wresting was included. Kicking and hitting were allowed; only biting and gouging (thrusting a finger ot thumb into an opponent’s eye) were forbidden. Between 632 and 616 BC, events for boys were introduced. And from time to time, further events were added including contests for fully armed soldiers, for heralds, and for trumpeters. The program must have been as varied as that of the modern Olympics, although the athletics (track and field) events were limited: there was no high jumping in any form and no individual field event, except in the pentathlon.

Until the 77th Olympiad (472 BC) all of the contests took place on one day; later they were spread, with, perhaps, some fluctuations, over four days, with a fifth devoted to the closing ceremony presentation of prizes and a banquet for the champions. Sources generally agree that women were not allowed as competitors or, except for the priestess of Demeter, as spectators. In most events, the athletes participated in the nude.

The Olympic Games were originally restricted to free-born Greeks. The competitors, including those who came from the Greek colonies, were amateur in the sense that the only prize was a wreath or garland. The athletes underwent a most rigorous of supervised training, however, and eventually, the contestants were true

professionals. Not only were there substantial prizes for winning, but the Olympic champion also received adulation and unlimited benefits from his city. Athletes became fulltime specialists – a trend that in the modern games has caused a long and bitter controversy over amateurism.

Summary:

In this article, the author explains the history of some of the earliest record Olympic Games held in Greece. It is generally accepted that these Games started around 1276 BC although the first champion was recorded in 776 BC. In the first Games there was only one event, however as time went on, different events were added. Longer distance running races were first added and then other events like wresting and the pentathlon. They even added events specially for boys and armed soldiers. Originally the Games were played on one day but this changed to five days. Another aspect of the Games was that women were not allowed as competitors or spectators. The competitors were also restricted to Greeks who were not professionals. However, a trend started where athletes became full-time specialists which ahs caused

a lot of controversy.

四、Original:

A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts. We are incredibly heedless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished. In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.

Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed, we have a natural repugnance to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.

Summary:

A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been heedless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.

下面上一篇进阶练习：

Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong by William Kilpatrick

Many of today’s young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension (道德层面) to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews (回避) teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision-making,” was introduced in schools 25

years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. (品格教育)” Character education didn’t ask children to reinvent the moral wheel (浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准); instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control.

In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, teachers worried about students chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape.

Decision-making curriculums pose thorny (棘手的) ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they’ve never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous (薄弱的) hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.

For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed.

This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education (价值观教育) programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem (自尊). These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won’t want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.

Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive (无指导性的), non-judgmental (无是非观的), as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality (思想) that has pervaded (渗透) public education for the last two and one-half decades. M any of today’s drug education, sex education and values-education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place.

Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with (胡乱摆弄) outdated “feel-good” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money—if it feels right—you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion—just about any conclusion—can be reached and justified using the decision-making method.

It is time to consign (寄出) the fads (风尚) of “decision-making” and “non-judgmentalism” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it.（约3000字）

Sample

Summary of “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong”

In his essay “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong,” William Kilpatrick argues fervently that the “decision-making” approach to th e moral education of

American youth, which replaced “character education” 25 years ago, has prevented juveniles from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral principles that are fundamental to American society.

According to Kilpatrick, decision-making methods instill in students a wrong belief that all norms of morality are subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted flexibly and even questioned. This belief deprives them of the chance to secure solid moral standards and induces misconceptions about what should be clearly right or wrong.

In parallel with this inadequacy of the “decision-making” approach are the unexpected outcomes of those values-education programs focusing on students’ self-e steem that subscribe to the “non-judgmental” mindset dominating “decision-making” curriculums. Their mistaken assumption that feeling good warrants morality excuses students from criticizing and disciplining their own behaviors.

Basing his conclusion on his analysis of the fundamental flaws of the decision-making approach, Kilpatrick finally proposes an immediate shift back to character education which he believes teaches morality more effectively by emphasizing practice instead of discussion. （约1000字）

新托福阅读SUMMARY题型解法

对于目标明确，清晰认识自己薄弱的考生一定很想知道托福阅读summary题型该怎么解。接下来上海环球托福为考生解答。 首先，做阅读就要了解掌握文章的主旨是什么，新托福阅读SUMMARY题作为文章最后一种题型，考察的是对文章主要段落的主旨概括能力，而非全篇文章主旨。直白一点说，就是只需要关注文章局部段落，而不需要在意全局。这不同于老托福阅读里面每篇文章都有一道“What is the passage mainly about”这样的全文主旨题。 接着，考生要如何掌握主旨，来完成summary的题目。阅读英语段落的时候，应该是“匀速阅读”还是“变速阅读”呢？当然是“变速阅读”！这样考生才能做到阅读时的详略得当。但是，“变速阅读”是“先快后慢”还是“先慢后快”呢？这就要从英语的思维方式说起。 汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，我们称之为“Save the best for the last”。而英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，我们称之为“Say what you want to say, then say why”。阅读英语段落的要领：变速阅读，先慢后快，精读首句，浏览全段。据统计，70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句。所以，以后阅读英语段落，应该先精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”），再浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），才能实现快速阅读。而很多同学以前阅读的时候，要么就是倾向于到段落结尾找主题句（这主要是受了汉语思维方式的影响），要么就干脆把有限的精力平均分配到一段话内部的每个单词。 说了那么多，上海环球托福为你提出掌握主旨的方法： 1、常用法——分析段落结构找主题句 通过段落结构来概括主旨，常见的段落结构有如下六大类：（1）总分；（2）总分总（由总分演变而成）；（3）分总；（4）分总分（由分总演变而成）；（5）对比；（6）并列。其中，前四种段落结构都存在主题句和支持句之分。而后两种结构中可能不存在主题句，其段落内部会分成若干个势均力敌的部分，只不过对比结构段落的两部分之间方向相反，而并列结构段落的各部分之间方向相同。一、总分结构 总分结构的主题句一般为首句（如果首句结束后，第二句话存在转折关系，那么主题句就是第二句）。最常见的总分段落的标志就是第二句话前面出现“for example/instance”等举例关系词。如果总分结构段落最后再加一个总结句，就是总分总结构。这种段落结构约占70%。这个方法最大好处是大部分段落都存在主题句，所以能够广泛应用该方法概括段落主旨。这就是“常用法”的由来。但是，该方法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。 2、简易法——重复出现是主旨 之所以有第二个方法是因为第一个方法有缺点，常用法的缺点是，如果段落结构比较复杂，又存在大量生词，可能导致我们难以找到主题句。这时候“简易法——重复出现是主旨”就会帮上大忙了。如果一段话在不断重复某一概念，就说明这段话在围绕这个概念展开，这个概念就是这段话的主旨。这就为我们快速把握主旨提供了极大的方便。因此，这种方法称为“简易法”。 在一段话内部重复出现可以分为三种类型。第一种是“原词”重复，但是这也是作者极力避

托福阅读题型解析之这三类错题原本可以避免

托福阅读题型解析之这三类错题原 本可以避免 托福阅读题型解析, 这三类错题原本可以避免,今天给大家带来了托福阅读题型解析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读题型解析这三类错题原本可以避免 托福阅读题型解析一简化题 形成原因： 这种题型可能大家最常见的解决方法就是根据翻译来解题，但是你的翻译正确吗?这就是这种题型错误的主要原因了。 分析及解决方法： 这种题型的正确解题方法应该是利用对句子的理解来解题，而不是靠翻译，再说你的翻译也不一定是正确的。这类题型容易出错的主要原因在于考生往往先对原句进行翻译，然后从选项中找出和原句翻译类似的答案。这样的解题方式的弊端在于浪费时间，而且往往选项翻译都和原句出入不大，在选择时常常出错。

句子简化题的正确做法是利用逻辑解题。使用这种方式不容易出错，因为这种解题方法是从题型考察目的得来的。步骤是：首先看到句子之后的第一个反应是找句子内部的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有两种转折或者因果。举例来说，若原句有转折的逻辑关系，第一步需要做的事情是排掉选项中逻辑关系不对的即不是表示转折的，若选项中还有两个以上逻辑关系都相符合，那么采用的原则是逻辑成分的对应。托福阅读*技巧：这是第一步有逻辑关系的时候采用的方法;如果原句中没有明显的逻辑关系需要采用第二步--提取原句中的主干信息，排掉选项中主干信息不符的选项。 托福阅读题型解析二词汇题 形成原因： 这是托福阅读考试当是出场率较高的一类题型，这种题型的易错原因主要是因为词汇量不足、忽略词汇语境的作用导致的。 分析及解决方法： 对于托福阅读考试当中出现频率较高的题型——词汇题，大部分原因是因为考生的词汇的不足，造成词汇不熟悉或者被选项词给难住了。考生需要知道的是，托福阅读考试词汇题一般考察的是英语六级以上的词汇水平，要想这类题型不出错，那么你的词汇基础就一定要打好。

读写练习

读写任务型写作,主要有两种writing styles,即:读记叙文写议论文:读议论文写记叙文。整篇文章由转述+表述(己述)构成,它充分展示考生的概括能力和语言能力. I.请阅读下面段落,概括全篇,并找出与之搭配的概括技巧。 Skill 1:Omit(省略) the details Skill 2 : Omit the repetitions Skill 3: Omit the example Skill 4:Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill 5:Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech 1.You can think of a way to manage your temper. Here are the tips: 1)We should try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about. 2)Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3)We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions. 概括:_______________________________________________________________ 2. Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games. 概括:_______________________________________________________________ 3. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, ―You put too much salt on your food, Paul. It’s not at all good for you!‖ Paul put down his knife and frowned, ‖Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful…like eating wood or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it 概括:________________________________________________________________ 4. She bought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend. 概括:__________________________________________________________________ Suggested answer: 1. Skill 3;There are many tips for you to manage your temper as follows. 2.Skill 1;Nowadays there is an increasing tendency that more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently. 3.Skill 5;Kate asked Paul not to use too much salt on his food and told him many advantages of it. 4.Skill 4;To hold her birthday party at the weekend, she bought a lot of vegetables. II.请阅读下面文章,用30 个词左右概括全篇内容。 1. Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when ads give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a wise choice when he buys something. It is useful because it can help the customer know more about the kinds of goods available in the shops. Printed ads do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be used to check against the actual goods in the shops. Some ads are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want unnecessary things by doing ads cleverly. The people who produce them understand our weakness. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it .For example, the voice on TV says, ―By using our SKII, it makes your skin crystal.‖ The screen shows a series of pictures

summary 范文

Original: My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper. One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself! Summary: The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox. Original: Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. Summary:

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型 、概括原文 一）阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精 炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas （主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的the author .. ）。

支持）。 3. 词汇运用 注意概述的cohere nee （连贯性），运用好tran siti on words （过渡 词） , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为：” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,

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★打乱了相邻句子之间的逻辑性 ★影响了转折语的正确使用 ★打乱了代词与其指代对象之间的逻辑关系 ★隔开了本是相邻的两句话 解题技巧： 1. 利用一些过渡词（如某些逻辑关系词或短语等）帮助确定插入句子的位置，或者帮助确定排除不适合的位置。 Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place.█But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces.█It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry.█ The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.█ Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away? Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. 技巧分析：首先读被插入的句子，它能给出的线索就是，该句子后面的信息应该是讲述“决定流干的水和不能流干的水的含量的因素”。读文中四个方块前后的信息，第一个方块前面的句子和后面的句子用关系逻辑词“but”连接，形成转折关系，不可插入其他内容；第二个方块后面的句子中出现“it”, 指代方块前面句子中的“some”, 插入其他内容会导致指代混乱，因此不可插入句子；第三个方块前后的信息用逻辑关系词“therefore”衔接，形成因果关系，也不可以插入其他内容，因此我们可以把被插入句子放在第四个方块那儿。如果考生们不确定，可以进一步读下一段中第一句

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新视野读写第三册课件Summary整理 Unit 1 My brother, Jimmy, was born with brain damage due to a difficult delivery. Accompanying my growing up was revolving around my brother’s life and protecting him from being picked on by other kids. Unfortunately, father, who was inseparable with Jimmy, died in 1991. Jimmy was a wreck and believed that the world he’d known was gone. Even worse, mother died six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. After that, Jimmy moved to New York City to live with me for a while. But he still longed to live in parents’ house and he finally returned. So far, he has lived there for 11 years and blossomed on his own. I held a party for Jimmy’ 57th birthday just a few days after 9·11 disaster, but no one of the family could come. I called on my friends to help who brought ideal presents and made it a festive and merry occasion. I knew that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through all the hardships in life. There had never been any limitations to what Jimmy’s love could accomplish. Unit 2 It is not infrequent for the bodies of endurance athletes to be deficient in iron. In particular, female athletes often have this problem. Even moderate exercise can cause the problem. A study indicated that formerly inactive women showed a decrease in iron levels. Iron deficiency affects many women, including exercising women, health-conscious women, etc. There are 3 stages of iron deficiency. However, most people with low iron reserves don’t know they have a deficiency. So it’s advisable for people to have a yearly blood test. In addition, people are suggested to modify their diet or take supplements such as adding more iron-rich foods. Unit 4 The Statue of Liberty is a monument built to celebrate the US independence and the France-America alliance. Holding a torch high, the statue expresses welcome to people who have affection for peace and liberty. Inspired by a German doll, Ruth designed her American version of dolls called Barbie. With long limbs and an exaggerated breast size, Barbie is shapely and beautiful. Guided by artistic theories, Wood created the portrait showing the solemn pride of American farmers. Unlike other coins in the US, the buffalo nickel honored a pair of connected tragedies, the destruction of both buffalo herds and American Indians. The story of Uncle Sam evolves from a man who inspected meat for the US Army during the war to liberate the American colonies. There are many versions of Uncle Sam’s portrait, but the most famous is in the recruiting poster, in which he is a tall man with a white beard on his chin. Unit 6

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有关summary的写作技巧

有关s u m m a r y的写作技 巧 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

Summary的写法1 一、概括原文 （一）阅读 1.读懂文章 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章 按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 （二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the

author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用 注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4.删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” “His courage in battle might without exag geration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

雅思阅读SUMMARY题型解答

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作文专讲 作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步! “ 读写任务” 的写作过程: 1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图; 2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程 3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。 在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。要做到开门见山,语言简洁 . 如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。 如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。 在议论部分 ,第一段开头语: 1 According to the passage, we know… 2 This article is mainly about… 3 The writer states that…

4 The passage tells us that… 第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由? 开头用语: ? I do agree with the author… ? In some way, I agree with …, but… ? This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.? It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …? From my personal angle alone… ? In my opinion,… ? From my personal point of view… ? As far as I’m concerned… 第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语: ? In conclusion,… ? In short,… ? To make a long story short,… ? In general,… ? In a word,… ? In belief,… ? On the whole,…