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1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）

a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）

b. 了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。

2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。

3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。

4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：

①动词：

a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。

b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词

c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。

②名词：

a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。

b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词 (如：pencil box就是名词修饰名词)

例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）

c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词

d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语

e. 介词后面跟名词或动名词

③. 副词修饰形容词或动词

2017/4/23

附录：四级常用后缀

1. 名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程，总量，程度” importance,, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility,

6)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态”freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状

况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，

17-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学)

20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)

3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

4)-like, manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, violent

10)-most, foremost, topmost

11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully -wise：clock→clockwise; like→likewise同样地 -wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地

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group. Each hut 12 has an inner and an outer door, shutters over the windows, a store of wood 13 up outside, dry chopped wood inside, utensils and cutlery, and above all, a small store of food. All these things must be completely in 14 whenever the hut is left. It makes no 15 if it is only the middle of July. That 16 hut may not be visited again before the winter. A door left open can lead either to snow filling up the hut to the ceiling, or 17 still, wind blowing the roof off. Unfastened shutters leave the windows an easy prey for polar bears 18 for food and the result is again snow in the hut. The ready-chopped wood is also very important. A traveler visiting the hut in the middle of the dark time and perhaps in bad weather, his feet, hands and face bitten by the frost, will have his difficulties doubled if the wood he left has been used up by others and he had nothing with which to 19 a fire. Ten or more years ago there were enough hunters to look after most of the huts, but now many buildings have become useless because there is no one to repair them and because of 20 A. worse B. peculiar C. laid D. light E. generally F. order G. particular H. conventions I. carelessness J．difference K. built L. fashions M. searching N. ordinarily O. result Unit Seven Passage 2 Most of us trade money for entertainment. Movies, concerts and shows are enjoyable but 11 .If you think that you can't have a good time without spending a lot of money, read on. A little resourcefulness and a few minutes of newspaper-scanning should give you some pleasant surprises. People may be the most interesting show in a large city. 12 through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing. You will probably see people from all over the world; you will 13 see people of every age, size, and shape, and you'll get a free fashion show, too. Window-shopping is also a 14 sport if the stores are closed. Check the listings in your neighborhood paper. Local colleges or schools often 15 the public to hear an interesting speaker or a good 16 . The film or concert series at the local public library probably won't cost you a penny. Be sure to check commercial advertisements too. A flea market can provide hours of pleasant looking round. Perhaps you can find a free cooking or crafts 17 in a department store. Plan ahead for some activities. It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo. You may save some money, too, since these places often 18 aside one or two free 19 days at slow times during the week. Make sure that you are including the indispensable 20 that people travel miles to see. If you feel like taking an interesting walk, find a free walking tour, or plan one yourself. A. expensive B. Wonder C.debate D. admission E. set F. Wander G.safe H. addition I. valuable J. dispute K.welcome L. confidently M. sights N. demonstration O.certainly Unit Eight Passage 2 When a person feels low, blue, or down in the clumps, it usually means he has been hurt, disappointed, or saddened by something that causes a confused and listless feeling. There is 11 a type of music called "the blue", a low, mournful, sad sound to 12 these universal human feelings. Depression is another name for this mood. Feeling depressed is a normal and natural 13 to experiences of loss, failure, and undeserved bad luck. Indeed, it has been pointed out that without depression, we would 14 much of the world's great tragic literature, music, and art. In some cases, however, depression becomes something more than just 15 feelings of blues or letdown. A large number of people suffer from what psychiatrists call "depressive illness. " Depressive illness is more 16 and lasts longer than common listless feelings. Sometimes a serious 17 of depression can begin with the loss of a loved one or a change of job. Many times, in very 18 cases, there doesn't seem to be any circumstance serious enough to have caused the depression. Some psychiatrists suggest that the key feature in depression is change. The person becomes different from the way before the onset of his depression. He may even become the opposite of his usual self. There are many examples: the

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06/6 Estimate; attract; destroy; exhausted; strength; destruction; deliberately; complete; estimation; attractive; notify; worthwhile; starving; tropical; exhausting; phenomenon; deliberate; worthy; stable; phenomena; attraction; stability; completely; destructive; starvation; bringing; exhaustion; worth; strike 06/12 Scale; technical; retailed; real; volunteer; potentially; generate; technique; situated; extreme; retail; voluntarily; generating; primary; insulting; extremely; technically; affordable; situation; afford; really; potential; gap; voluntary; excessive; insulted; purchase; primarily 07/6 Result; involves; specialized; significant; complaint; determined; limitation; involvement; relief; significance; specialist; serious; prompt; range; significantly; relieved; issues; seriously; magnificent; determine; limited; gravely; complained; respect; prompting; specialize 07/12 Victims; technology; role; assume; comprehension; cooperate; respectively; projects; cooperation; offers; information; especially; image; entire; informational; forward; cooperative; comprehensive; assuming; acting 08/6 Accomplish; advanced; constant; regret; limitation; balloon; claim; accomplishment; constantly; declare; interview; limited; manufacture; moments; news; reduced; regretted; scary; totally 08/12 Abundant; characters; wide; established; respectively; communication; diversity; abundance; communicating; completely; derive; nature; diverse; desire; escape; establishing; narrow; naturally; personnel; properly; respect; widen 09/6 Closer; daily; emotional; urgent; requirement; enhance; remarkable; professional; enormous; emotion; especially; hinder; mission; painful; performance; profession; remarkably; require; sensitive; urge; perform 09/12 Already; analyzed; aspects; characters; recruitment; descriptive; contributing; analysis; describing; contribution; description; consciousness; established; quality; quoted; recording; recruited; total; unconscious; unsure; yet; record 10/6 Accommodations; clumsy; incredible; replacement; expansion; doubtful; historical; accommodate; doubt; exceptions; historic; expand; incredibly; powering; protect; reduced; replace; sense; shifted; supplying; vast 10/12 Abilities; achieve; displayed; ability; able; psychology; essential; indication; achievement; appeal; complaints; contributions; essentially; eventually; extent; indicate; proceeds; psychological; raised; smart; standard btw我没有把扩展出来的那些同根单词们放在一堆，而是穿插着放，变成乱序版的，提