2013年12月分4级真题加答案套题3(除去听力)

Part 1 Writing (30 minutes)

Directions；For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below, You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact, You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

"Dear Andy—How are you? Your mother and I are fine. We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes and you come downstairs for something to eat. Love, Mom and Dad."

Part3 Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their 36 out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide,

a 37 that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year 38 to just $ 1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $ 424 billion global ad market.

But as the number of eyeballs glued to 39 screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone's value as a pocket billboard (广告牌）.Consumers are 40 using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and 41 the Internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. AH of these activities give advertisers 42 options for reaching audiences. During soccer's World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to 43 thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for

Asia. "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket—you just can’t44 cell phones as an advertising tool." Mobile-phone marketing has become as 45 a platform as TV, online or print.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accessing F) characters K) patiently

B) amounted G) fresh L) tiny

C) approaching H) ignore M) total

D) attract I) increasingly N) violated

E) casual J) messages O) vital

Section B

Directions：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A Mess on the Ladder of Success

A) Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward：getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies (大草原），drain the wetlands and build new cities.

B) By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the US had a mild panic attack. What would this energetic, enterprising country be without new lands to conquer? Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc.), but eventually, in industrialization, the US found a new narrative of economic mobility at home. From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an old person's migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants.

C) For the last 20 years--- from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade----the US has been casting about for its next economic narrative. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the workforce but particularly for its youngest members.

D) The US has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages (抵押货款），but many young people—who don’t own homes and don’t yet have families-are staying put, too. This suggests, among other things, that people aren't packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to. Rather than dividing the country into the 1 presenters

versus (与……相对）everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes：the mobile and immobile.

E) Part of the problem is that the country's largest industries are in decline. In the past, it was perfectly clear where young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s) and, more or less, what they’d be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars, selling oil). And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskilled laborer to manager or engineer. Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small (though some promise future growth) and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along the southern z-85 corridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities. (You don't need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, to get a job in one of the microhubs (微中心），by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B. A. in computer science or a year or two at a technical school.) This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power.

F) Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomy headlines. If you have no specialized skills, there’s little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census （普查）data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree.

G) Until now, a B. A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor's degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M. I. T. , recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not.

H) Those without such specialized skills—like poetry, or even history, majors一are already competing with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled labor market atomized into thousands of microeconomics, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills.

I) So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfort unately, it’s hard to say, since the US doesn't have one clear national project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnology's (纳米技木）moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.) It’s not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade.

J) What is clear is that all sorts of government issues -education, health-insurance portability, worker retraining—arc no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. It's in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportunity, and America's ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. (As recently as five years ago, US migration was twice the rate of European Union

states.) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder.

47. The census data is surprising in that college graduates are also among the immobile workforce.

48. New figures released by the government show that Americans today are less mobile than ever before.

49. The migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young.

50. America is better at innovation than most other rich nations.

51. Early American history is one of moving outward.

52. Young people don't know what lo learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now.

53. Computer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing.

54. When the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found new economic mobility in industrialization.

55. America today can be divided into two classes：t hose who move and those who don’t.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked v4), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation’s professiona l economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.

"As a group, we are pro-market" says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues.”

“It’s very puzzling,” says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women econom ists on the free market side.”

A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预）early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the same things as liberals—less poverty, more health care--but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.

Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group," he says.

The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位）now go to women. "More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed," May says.

Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high.

The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals' skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-l.

The biggest disagreement：76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way：80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What is the finding of the new study?

A) The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.

B) Men and women understand economics quite differently.

C) The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.

D) Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.

57. What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?

A) They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.

B) They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.

C) They usually play an active role in public policy-making.

D) They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.

58. What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?

A) She represents most female economists' standpoint.

B) She devotes herself to eliminating women's poverty.

C) Her study of economics changed her view on government's role in economic activities.

D) Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.

59. What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?

A) More female economists should get involved.

B) It should do justice to female ec onomists’ studies.

C) More attention should be paid to women’s rights.

D) It should aim at sustainable development.

60. On what issue do male and female economists differ most?

A) Government regulation. C) Military spending.

B) Job creation. D) Gender equality.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government's immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain.

Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管）."The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.”

“Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said.

Universities get a third of their tuition (学费）fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue- as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students being - is being put at risk.

Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.

Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100 000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的）ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students' right to work during and after their studies.

Beall said: “Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students who are so important to the UK's research output. The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions

have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK."

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?

A) The increase in tuition and fees. C) Changed immigration policies.

B) The ever-rising living expenses. D) Universities’ tightened budget s.

62. What is UK vice-chancellors’ biggest concern?

A) How to obtain financial support from the government.

B) How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions.

C) How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities.

D) How to stimulate the creativity of their research teams.

63. Why do UK universities try to attract postgraduate students from outside the EU?

A) A substantial part of their revenue comes from non-EU students’ tuition and fees.

B) Non-EU postgraduate students are usually highly motivated.

C) The number of UK postgraduate students has fallen sharply.

D) Some of the postgraduate programmers are specially designed for non-EU students.

64. What were the expectations of some non-EU students' families?

A) Their children could enjoy the UK’s cultural benefits.

B) Their children could find well-paying jobs upon their return.

C) Their children could become established academically.

D) Their children could work in the UK after graduation,

65. What does Beall suggest the UK government should do?

A) Allow promising international students to work in research teams.

B) Revise UK visa regulations to accommodate non-EU students.

C) Give universities adequate support to attract non-EU students.

D) Try to address the needs of international students in the UK.

Part4 Translation (30 minutes)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

"你要茶还是要咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在6世纪传到日本，但直到17、18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的民族仗品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

说明：本套试题的听力部分由2006年12月真题听力优化而来,其他试题均为多题多卷母题。

Part I Writing

参考范文

Electronic Communication Cannot Replace Face-lo-Face Contact 【1】The picture above is a vivid description of a phenomenon that communication between teenagers and their parents is usually through the Internet. Although the Internet has changed the ways of communication,【2】,do not think that electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.

【3】Firstly, face-to-face contact is much better than electronic communication in terms of enhancing parent-child relationship, for the former can better guarantee honesty of the communication. [4] Secondly, face-to-face contact can make people concentrate on what they are talking about. So people can think about the problems seriously.【5】Last but not least, face-to-face contact can eliminate distrust between parents and children because both sides will not be suspicious about other’s intentions if they can talk with each other in such a direct way.

【6】To sum up, the Internet has greatly influenced the ways of communication, but it can never replace face-to-face contact.

【1】开门见山,描述图片, 阐明现象。

【2】表明作者的观点和立场。

【3】【4】【5】使用Firstly, Secondly, Last but not least列举出不同的原因,条理清晰,层次分明。

【6】总结陈述,表明立场。

art 3 Section A

Reading Comprehension

参考译文

如今手机是人们广泛使用的一种神奇设备。虽然自第一条商用手机网络建立至今已有30多年,但广告商们还没有想出如何将他们的信息大规模地传达给手机用户。世界上22亿手机用户，并且这一用户总数还在以每年25%的速度增长。但是全球去年花费在手机网络上面的广告费用仅为15亿美元,只占全球广告市场4 240亿美元总份额的一小部分。

但眼睛盯着微小屏幕的人数大大增加,作为"口袋广告牌"的手机也会价值徒升。除了通话服务之外，消费者越来越多地用:尹机做其他事情,如发短信、下载歌曲和游戏以及上网。预计到2010年,亚洲7 000万人将在手机上看视频和电视节目。这些都赋予了广告商们接触受众的新选择。例如:

去年夏天的世界杯期间,阿迪达斯公司就通过实时比分和实况比赛将数以千计的球迷吸引到了一个手机客户端网站。"我们的目标受众主要是17岁到25岁之间的男性。"阿迪达斯亚洲区负责人Marcus

Spurrell表示。"他们的手机一直开机,并且总是随身携带。你无法忽视手机作为广告宣传工具的作用。"手机已经跟电视、网络和印刷品一样成为了极为重要的营销平台。

答案详解

36.【考点】名词辨析题。

J)【精析】分析句子结构可知,their______短语get out的宾语，因此空格处需要填人名词，以修饰前面的their。本段第一句提到，如今手机是人们广泛使用的一种神奇设备。空格所在句提到,虽然自第一条商用手机网络建立至今已有30多年,但广告商们还没有想出如何将他们的大规模地传达给手机用户。结合备选项可知,messages"信息"符合题意,故为答案.

37. 【考点】名词辨析题。

M)【精析】分析句子结构可知,a 作2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide 的同位语,同时作that 引导的定语从句的主语，因此空格处需要填人名词,并且应为名词的单数形式。在备选的三个名同中,characters和messages为复数形式,不符合语法要求，可以排除，因此答案为total"总数, 故为答案。

38. 【考点】动词辨析题。

B)【精析】分析句子结构可知,空格所在句缺少谓语动词,并且能与介词to搭配；根据时间状语last year可知,此处应为过去时,因此空格处应填入动词的过去时。结合备选项可知,amounted (to)"总计，达到"符合题意，故为答案。

39. 【考点】形容词辨析题。

L)【精析】分析句子结构可知，空格前为介词to,空格后为名词screens,因此空格处应填形容词来修饰screens。联系上下文可知,此处的screens指的是手机屏幕,pocket billboard指的也是手机,通过两者的对比和常识可知，能够放在口袋里的手机应当不大,因此结合备选项可知，tiny"微小的,极小的"符合题意,故为答案。

40. 【考点】副词辨析题。

I)【精析】分析句子结构可知,空格所在句结构完整，空格处需要填一个副词。联系上下文可知，手机用户将越来越多,人们用手机娱乐、办公的活动也越来越多,因此increasingly"不断增加地,越来越多地"为正确答案。

41. 【考点】固定搭配题。

A) 【精析】分析句子结构可知，text messaging, downloading songs and games 和the

Internet为三个并列短语，因此空格处应与messaging, downloading—样，为动名词形式。结合备选项，accessing"取得，获取"符合题意。access the Internet为固定搭配,意为"上网,访问互联网"。

42. 【考点】形容词辨析题。

G) 【精析】分析句子结构可知_______options作give的直接宾语，应为一个名词短语，因此空格处需填形容词。联系上下文可知，广告商们把手机看作是进行广告宣传的一种方式,再结合备选项，fresh"新的，新颖的"符合题意，故为答案。

43. 【考点】动词辨析题。

D) 【精析】分析句子结构可知,空格前为不定式符号to,空格后为名词短语thousands of fans,因此空格处需要填入动词原形。根据上下文可知，作者是说阿迪达斯公司利用手机做宣传,达到吸引人眼球的目的,结合备选项可知,attract"吸引"符合题意,故为答案。

44. 【考点】动词辨析题。

H) 【精析】空格前为情态动词can’t,后面为名词cell phones.因此空格处需要填动词原形。根据上下文可知,手机广告的功效十分显著，因此我们不能忽视它的作用。再结合备选项可知,ignore"忽视" 符合题意,故为答案。

45. 【考点】形容词辨析题。

o) 【精析】分析句子结构可知,本句是"as+ a. + a(n) + (可数名词）+as..."的同定用法，因此空格处需要填形容词。联系上下文可知，此处要表达的是手机在广告宣传中扮演的重要角色,结合备选项可知.vital"极其重要的"符合题意,故为答案。

Section B

参考译文

向成功攀登过程中的困境

A) 纵观美国历史,几乎在每一个时期里总是至少有一个核心的经济神话,给出种种让人雄心勃

勃或永不满足的理由，叫人愿意收拾行囊.到别处去追求成功。(51)欧洲人在美国定居的前300多年,这种故事始終是有关人口向外扩张的一让欧洲的移民到美洲大陆去.然后再去边疆开辟大草原.排干

湿地的水，建立新的城市。

B) (54)然而到了19世纪末,随着边疆的消失，突国人开始感到些许的恐慌。如果再没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？(54)有一些人，比如Teddy Roosevdt,决定继续这项征服事业(如古巴、菲律宾等地）,但最终在工业化的进程中,美国在其同内发现新的经济流动的神话。从19世纪90年代到20世纪60年代,人们从农场流向城市.这首先发生在北方,然后南方也紧跟其后。事实上,到了20世纪50年代,当城市已经足够繁荣时,不少的白领工作开始向郊区回流。(49)随着人口老龄化日益严重,人们也开始从寒冷的铁锈地带（五大湖周边的重工业衰退地区）向舒适的阳光地带(弗吉尼亚州横贯至加利福尼亚州南部的日照充足地区)转移。我们一般认为这是一种老年人的迁移.但实际上,它为年轻人创造了很多建筑和卫生保健方面的工作岗位,更不用说这

种迁移对迁人地的旅游、零售和餐饮的影响了。

C) 在过去20年里,从冷战结束,到之后十年所经历的两个经济泡沫的破灭,美国一直在寻找下一个经济神话。现在美国正在经历另一个恐慌时期,这对很多劳动人群而言是一个坏消息,特别是对最为年轻的劳动人群而言,无异于是晴天霹雳。

D) (48)美国一直以来就是一个人口流动较为显著的国家,但是美同人口普查局的最新数据表明，当前的人口流动性已经鉄到了历史最低水平。当然.有些人为住房所闲而不能流动，因为他们住的房子的售价低于抵押贷款,然而许多年轻人——他们连房子都没有,也没有家庭，也待在原地不愿流动。另外一些事情也表明人们不再像从前那样为了赚钱的机会而收拾行囊远走他乡了。(55)美国人的生活不再各式各样了,我们的经济分歧实际有另外两类:流动型和固定型。

E) 部分问题在于美同最大的产业在走下坡路。过去,年轻人很清楚应该去哪里工作（比如19世纪70 年代的芝加哥、20世纪初的底特律和20世纪70年代的休斯顿）,也或多或少知道他们到那后会做什么(屠宰牛群、造汽车或是销售石油）。而且这些产业都规模庞大，足以向各个层次的劳动

者提供工作,从没有技术的劳动者到经理或者工程师。但是今天，如果说我们的经济还存在一些亮点的话，也规模相对较小(尽管有些未来可能会有增长），分布相对分散。(53)这些好岗位分布在桂谷，波士顿和罗利一达勒姆的生物技术研究中心和南部"1-85走廊"沿线的先进制造工厂里。这些公司在全国乃至全球范围内招募具有专业技能的工人。（当然,想在"微中心"的某个地方谋一份工作，你不必成为下一个Facebook的创始人Mark Zuckerberg;,但至少得有计算机科学学士学位或者在技术学校待过一两年。)这个新兴的择业市场是面向全国的,它为那些属于流动型的劳动者提供更具竞争力的报酬和更高的议价权力。

F) 另一方面，固定型的许多人生活在美国的阴暗之中。如果你没有特殊的技能,就不会举家搬到其他州，或是成为最没有希望在一家新开的汽车生产厂或一家绿色能源新兴公司谋得低薪职位的人选。(47)然而,令人意想不到的是普查数据表明，此类"固定型劳动力"不仅仅局限于没有技术的工人。事实上,他们中的很多人有大学学历。

G) 直到现在,取得任何一门学科的学士学位都至少能保证拥有一份中严阶级收入。但现如今，四分之一的大学毕业生比那些没有学士学位的工人赚得都要少。(46)最近麻省理工学院的知名劳动力经济学家David Autor告诉我说,现在的大学学历再也无法保证一份好的工作了。尽管那些来自顶尖名校的学生无论是学什么专业的,都会得到一份好的工作,但那些来自不知名学校的学生只能通过自己所学的东西来接受用人单位的评判。为了竞争国家级别的工作,这些毕业生需要具备新兴产业所需要的技能(无论这种技能是不是技术）。

H) 那些不具备特殊技能的毕业生，比如专业为诗歌或是历史类的毕业生,将会同他们身边的人竞争一份二等低薪的当地工作,如低级别的管理工作或是卖场销售工作。由于低技能的劳动力市场被分割为数千个微型经济体固定型工人"就不太可能要求更高的薪水、更好的工作条件或者获取宝责的技术。

I) 那么,雄心壮志的年轻工人在当下应该学些什么呢？不幸的是,这个问题很难回答，因为美国没有一个明确的国家级工程。美国有不少新兴的、规模较小的产业,但它们中的哪些才是最有前途的呢？(现在看起来会有20年蓬勃发展期的纳米技术可能只会有5年的巅峰）。(52)我们不知道现在社会最需要什么样的技术,或者是在未来十年里,这些技术是否还会有用。

J)我们所明白的就是所有政府要考虑的问题,如教育、携带式健康险、工人的再度培训,再也不仅仅是富人的福利,而是确实存在的需要。对我们所有人都有利的是保证有尽可能多的人可以获得机会，(50)并且同其他大多数富裕国家相比,美国在创新上投人人力和财力的能力仍然要强很多。(五年之前,美国的移民率还是欧盟国家的两倍）。至少,在我们的国民经济在寻求下一个发展方向的时候,我们还会有些许安慰。

46. 【定位】由题干中的does not guarantee a good job 定位到G)段第三句。

G)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到,麻省理工学院的知名劳动力经济学家David Autor说,仅仅一个大学学历再也无法保证一份好工作了。文章接着指出,那些来自顶尖名校的学生不管他们学的是什么专业仍有可能获得一份好工作,但那些来自不知名学校的学生只能通过自己所学的东西来

接受用人单位的评判。题干中的does not guarantee a good job 对应原文中的no longer a guarantor of a good job，故答案为G)。

47. 【定位】由题干中的The census data is surprising 和immobile workforce定位到F)段最后两句。

F)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出，令人意想不到的是,普查数据表明，固定型劳动力不仅仅局限于没有技术的工人,事实上,他们中的很多人还有大学学历,故答案为F)。

48. 【定位】由题干中的less mobile than ever before 定位到D)段第一句。

D) 【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到,美国是一个人口流动较为显著的国家,但是美国人口普查局的最新数据表明，当前的人口流动性已经跌到了历史最低水平。题干中的less mobile than ever before 对应原文中的its lowest level in recorded history,故答案为D)。

49. 【定位】由题干中的old people from cold to warm places定位到B)段最后两句。

B) 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，随着人口老龄化日益严重,人们也开始从寒冷的铁锈地带向舒适的阳光地带转移。这种迁移实际上为年轻人创造了很多建筑和卫生保健方面的工作岗位。题干中的old people from cold to warm places 对应原文中的a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt,故答案为B)。

50. 【定位】由题干中的better at innovation定位到J) 段第二句后半句。

J)【精析】定位句提到，同其他富裕国家相比,美国在创新上投人人力和财力的能力要强很多。题干中的innovation, most other rich nations 对应原文中的new ideas, most other wealthy countries,

故答案为J)。

51. 【定位】由题干中的moving outward定位到A)段第二句。

A) 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，欧洲人在美国定居的前300多年是人口向外扩张的时期：让欧洲的移民到美洲大陆去,然后再到边疆开辟大草原，排干湿地的水，建立新城市。题干中的moving outward 与原文中的moving outward 完全吻合,故答案为A)。

52. 【定位】由题干中的what skills are most needed or valued定位到I)段末句。

I) 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，我们不知道现在最需要哪些技术,或者是在未来十年里,这些技术是否还会有用。题干是对原文的同义转述,故答案为I)。

53. 【定位】由题干中的computer, advanced manufacturing 定位到E)段第五至八句。

E)【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到了高薪工作分布的地区,如硅谷,波士顿和罗利一达勒姆的生物技术研究中心以及"1-85走廊"沿线的先进制造工厂里。想要在这些地方谋得一份工作,至少得有计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。题干中的computer or other technical skills 对应原文中的a B. A. in computer science or a year or two at a technical school, 故答案为E)。

54. 【定位】由题干中的the frontier vanished和new economic mobility定位到B)段首句和第三句。

B)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，到19世纪末，随着美国边疆地区的消失，美国开始感到些许的恐慌。但最终在工业化进程中，美国在国内发现了新的经济流动神话。题干中的new economic mobility 对应原文中的new narrative of economic mobility,故答案为B)。

55. 【定位】由题干中的two classes定位到D)段末句。

D)【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，我们的经济分歧实际有另外两类:流动型和固定型。题干中的those who move and those who don't 对应原文中的the mobile and immobile,故答案为D)。

Section C

Passage One

参考译文

(56)最近的一项研究表明,美国经济学家在对经济政策的看法上存在着巨大的性别差异。这种类似的差异我们也可以在公众身上找到。

"作为一个群体而言,我们是支持市场导向型的,"该研究的发起者之一，内布拉斯加大学经济学家Ann Mad May这样说道。(57)"但是相比男性而言,女性更倾向于接受政府对经济活动的调控和干预。"

"这令人感到闲惑乔治梅森大学麦卡图斯中心的自由市场经济学家Veronique de Rugy说道。"

每天我都在问自己，为什么支持自由市场的女经济学家如此的屈指可数呢?"

(58)作为土生土长的法国人,de Rury, 在其早年曾支持政府干预,但在研究经济学之后,改变了自己的看法。"我们想要的很多东西同自由主义者想要的一样，即少一些贫闲, 多一些医保,但如何实现这一目标,我们同自由主义者有着截然不同的看法。"

美国经济政策与研究中心的创办者之一，自由主义经济学家Dean Baker表示,男性经济学家一直活动于经济学领域内’他们承认彼此的反政府干预观点。而女性,作为局外人,她们则更愿意进行独立思考，或者说更愿意与经济学界之外的人组成闭体。

经济学领域的性别平衡正在发生着改变。现在三分之一的经济学博士学位都授给了女性。（59)“在讨论公共政策问题时*我们需要更多有不同观点的人参与进来,"May表示。

男女经济学家也对某些事物有着共同的养法。女性经济学家同意男同胞的观点，比如欧洲政府干预得有些多了,沃尔玛超市对社会大有碑益。男性经济学家同意他们女同胞的观点，比如军费开支过高。

(60)男女双方的最大分歧在于彼此对男女平等问题的看法。绝大多数男性经济学家认为,男女之间的工资差异主要是由个人的技术、经验和自主选择造成的。而多达四分之三的女性经济学家则不同意这一观点。

男女经济学家最大的分歧是,76%的女性认为,经济学领域的男性更容易获得在学校任教的机会。男性经济学家则表示反对,其中有80%的人认为女性才更容易获得这种机会,或者认为招聘过程是很中立的。

答案详解

56.【定位】由题干中的new study定位到文章第一段。

D) 【精析】事实细节题。第一段指出，最近的一项研究表明，美国经济学家在对经济政策的看法上存在着巨大的性別差异。換言之,男女经济学家对经济政策的看法有很大差异,故答案为D)。

57. 【定位】由题干中的Ami Mari May和female economists定位到文章第二段。

B) 【精析】细节推断题。第二段第二句提到，相比男性而言,女性更倾向于接受政府对经济活动的调控和干预,故答案为B)。

58. 【定位】由题干中的Veronique de Rugy定位到文章第三、四段。

C)【精析】细节推断题。第四段第一句指出，de Rugy在其早年曾支持政府干预,但在研究经济学之后,改变了自己的看法，即学习经济学改变了她对政府在经济活动巾的作用的看法,故答案为C)。

59. 【定位】由题干中的Ann Mari May和public policy-making定位到文章第六段最后一句。

A)【精析】综合推断题。定位句提到，在讨论公共政策问题时,需要有更多的差异性,从前文可以了解到,男女经济学家对经济政策的看法存在很大差异。由此可推断,此句暗示应有更多的女性参与进来.故答案为A)。

60. 【定位】由题干中的differ most定位到文章第八段第一句。

D)【精析】事实细节题。定位句指出，男女经济学家的最大分歧在于对男女平等问题的看法,故答案为D)。

Passage Two

(61) 从非欧盟国家到英国大学学习的研究生.人数16年来首次有所下降,这增加了人们对政府的移民打击政策正在阻碍成千上万聪明的学生来英国继续其学业的担心。

英国文化协会教育和社会部主任Jo Beall说.旅英研究生人数的下降将给英国的大学行政主管们敲响警钟。(62)"该部门之前就预计到增长会有所下降,但实际减少的研究生人数却是真正令其担心的，因为国际学生在科学、技术、工程和数学等领域的许多研究生课程和研究团队中占据了较大比例。"

"如果英国想保持其研究质量的声誉,那么吸引最聪明和最有抱负的研究生和研究型学生是至关重要的",BcaH 说。

(63) 英国大学三分之一的学费收人来非欧盟学生。大学行政主管们对于国际学生带来的这种经济收益正受到威胁越来越担忧。

(64) 曼彻斯特大学学生事务部主任Tim Westlake说,那些期待着学生完成学业后在英国工作以积累经验并偿还学费的家庭,开始将目光投向其他地方。

上个月，内政大臣Theresa May宣布英国大使馆工作人员将面试超过10万名申请者,以防止假冒的申请者进入英国。她还表示,移民应该对抬高英同房价负责。她的这些评论发表于政府推出对学生在其学习期间和之后工作权利的限制政策之后。

Beall说政府统计数据第一次提供了真实的证据,英国签证规定的改变可能使得许多学生放弃申请到英国学习,特别是对于英国研究输出非常重要的研究生。(65)英国教育体系的高品质在全球拥有极好的声誉,因此政府需要确保高校拥有它们吸引国际学生需要的所有支持,因为这些学生可以为英国作出巨大的学术、文化和经济贡献。"

答案详解

61.【定位】由题干中的decline和non-EU postgraduates 定位到文章第一段。

C)【精析】细节推断题。定位段指出，从非欧盟国家到英国大学学习的研究生人数16年来首次有所下降,这增加了人们对政府的移民打击政策正在阻碍成千上万聪明的学生来英国继续其学业的担心。由此推断,政府对移民的打击政策导致到英国学习的研究生人数下降,故答案为C)。

62.【定位】由题干中的UK vice-chancellors'定位到文章第二段。

B)【精析】推理判断题。第二段第二句指出，该部门之前就预计到增长会有所下降,但实际减少的研究生人数却是真正令其担心的，因为国际学生在科学、技术、工程和数学等领域的许多研究生

课程和研究团队中占据了较大比例。由此可推断,大学行政主管最担心的是如何维持大学的学术声誉，故答案为B)。

63. 【定位】由题干中的universities和from outside the EU定位到文章第四段。

A)【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，英国大学三分之一的学费收人来自非欧盟学生。大学行政主管们对于国际学生带来的这种经济收益正受到威胁越来越担忧。由此可以推断,英国大学想要吸引非欧盟国家学生的一个主要原因在于收取学费，从而增加收人,故答案为A)。

64. 【定位】由题干中的non-EU students' families定位到文章第五段。

D)【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到,那些期待着学生完成学业后在英国工作以积累经验并偿还学费的家庭,开始将目光投向其他地方。由此可以推断,这些家庭期望他们的孩子毕业后在英国工作，偿还学费,故答案为D)。

65. 【定位】由题干中的Beall和government定位到文章最后一段。

C)【精析】观点态度题。定位段最后一句指出，英国教育体系的高品质在全球拥有极好的声誉，因此政府需要确保高校拥有它们吸引国际学生需要的所有支持，因为这些学生可以为英国作出巨大的学术、文化和经济贡献。由此可知，Beall认为政府应该给大学足够的支持以吸引非欧盟国家学生，故答案为C)。

Translation

参考译文与难点注释

This is what diners often have been asked, "Would you like tea or coffee?" Many Westerners favour coffee while the Chinese tend to choose tea. Tradition has it that an ancient Chinese emperor discovered the tea five thousand years ago and used it to treat illnesses. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, teahouses spread all over China. Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century while it was not introduced into Europe or America until the 17th and 18th centuries. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is not only a kind of Chinese national drink, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.

1. 第一句中你要茶还是要咖啡?"是餐厅常用语,大部分考生都可以进行正确翻译,即"Would you like tea or coffee?",也可以译为"Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?"

2. 第二句可用while连接两个分句,具有转折的意思。

3. 第三句中相传"可译为Tradition has it that...或者是It is said that...,"治病"可译为treat/cure illnesses

4. 在翻译第五句时,需要使用not... until...句到来表达"直到……才……"的含义。

5. 最后一句中，"民族饮品"也可以译为national beverage 或者是traditional drink。

2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题(附原文及答案解析)

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