当前位置：文档库 › 翻译考证总复习资料

翻译考证总复习资料

翻译考证总复习

一、句子翻译

1.这是我们离岸价的价目单，最后价格以我方确认为准。

Here is our FOB price list, and the last price is subject to our final confirmation.

2. 有必要在产品设计的最初阶段就考虑到用户的需要。

It is necessary to consider users’ need at the early stage of product design.

3. 这些国家中绝大多数的经济增长率仍低于潜在产出增长率。

The economic growth rate of the vast majority of these countries is still lower than the potential output growth rate.

4. 信息产业的技术发展速度太快，商家难以收回成本。

Fast technological development of information industry makes businesses hard to recover cost.

5. Customer satisfaction is an overall post-purchase evaluation.

客户的满意度决定总的购后评价。

6. A true entrepreneur should be practical as well as far-sighted.

一个真正意义上的企业家应该是既实际又有远见的。

7.该协定是一项多边条约, 共有88个国家签署,其贸易总和占世界贸易五分之四以上.

The agreement is a multilateral treaty signed by 88 countries whose trade sum accounts for more than four-fifths of world trade.

8.兹开出以贵方为受益人的不可撤销信用证，金额以人民币4600元C&F为限。

We have opened an irrevocable L / C in your favor for sum not exceeding RMB 4600 on C&F.

9.我们很有可能完不成今年的销售计划，因为我们的产品价格在市场上没有太强的竞争力。

It is not likely for us to finish the sales plan this year because the price of our products has no strong competitiveness in the market.

10.武汉历史悠久，自春秋战国以来就是中国南方的军事和商业重镇。

With its long history, Wuhan has been the military and commercial city in southern China since the Spring and Autumn Period.

11. 供应商未经采购方同意，不得转让全部或部分订单的权利和义务。

Without the consent of the purchaser, the supplier shall not transfer the rights and obligations of all or part of the order.

12. If you accept our proposal, we look forward to negotiating with

you on our future cooperation.

如果贵方接受我方的提议，我方期盼商讨进一步合作。

13.买方建议用承兑交单作为付款方式，但卖方不愿破例。The buyer suggested D/A as the terms of payment,but the seller was unwilling to ma ke any exception.

二、篇章翻译

Passage 1

The Chinese market continued to record stable double-digit growth of plus 33.3%. The Asian markets continue to enjoy, although admittedly from a low base. The most important things that Chinese guests like in Switzerland are the beauty of the nature,

clear air, mountains, snow and the various opportunities for medical treatments and –of course- shopping! The Swiss Deluxe Hotels (瑞士奢华酒店联盟)are in addition to that very well prepared to serve guest from China taking care of their special needs, A lot of them have Chinese staff members, serve Chinese food and teach their staff in Chinese culture and behavior.

And of course, Switzerland –positioned in the heart of Europe – is a perfect spot to stay and conquer different destination in Europe like London, Paris or Milan, For Shopping lovers: Switzerland is a shopping paradise! In the destinations like Zurich, Berne, Basel, and Geneva visitors will find some of the best shopping malls and boutiques of the world’s most famous brands.

中国市场连续稳定地保持高于33.3%的两位数的增长势头。亚洲市场尽管承认基数较低，但仍继续保持这一势头。最重要的是在瑞士的中国游客喜欢的是自然之美,清新的空气,山峦,白雪和各种享受医疗服务的机会--当然--还有购物!瑞士奢华酒店联盟不仅为中国游客服务做好了非常充分的准备来照顾他们的特殊需要,很多酒店还有中国工作人员,提供中餐服务，并对员工进行中国文化和礼仪的培训。

当然,瑞士--因为处于欧洲的中心位置--是一个绝佳的逗留之处，也是去往欧洲不同国家像伦敦、巴黎或米兰的中转站。对购物爱好者来说:瑞士就是一个购物天堂!因为在去目的地诸如苏黎世、伯尔尼、巴塞尔、日内瓦时的游客们会发现一些最好的购物商场和世界最知名品牌的专卖店。

Passage 2

For over five decades, Swiss National Day celebrations in Engelberg（英格堡）have included a fun-filled programme featuring a village festivals, plenty of entertainment, and sunrise viewing on the TITLIS(铁力士山).

在过去的五十多年里，英格堡的瑞士国庆节庆祝活动包括趣味十足的并带有乡村节日特色的节目、大量的娱乐活动以及在铁力士山观看日出。

You’ll have to get up early if you want to join in all of Engelberg’s Swiss National Day festivities on 1 August. The day hasn’t even began when early birds assemble at the cableway Valley Station to make it up to the summit of the Titlis by 6 a. m. – the time the sun gets out of bed.

如果你想参加8月1日在英格堡举行的所有瑞士国庆节活动，你就必须要早起。早晨6点，当早起的鸟儿聚集在山谷车站的索道飞往铁力士山顶的时候，太阳才刚起床，这一天还没开始。

After witnessing this spectacular event, the sun-seekers return to the mountain station for a hearty breakfast, while down in the valley the most welcome 7 a. m. wakeup call of the year began to the typically Swiss sound of Alpine horns. Foreign guests will hardly believe their ears, and may come to the conclusion that this is part of everyday life in Engelberg.

目睹这一壮观的事件后，寻找太阳的人们回到山岳气象站开始丰盛的晚餐，而回到谷中，本年度最受欢迎的早7点叫醒钟声在具有典型瑞士风格的阿尔卑斯号角声中开始了。外国客人几乎不相信自己的耳朵，也许他们会以为，这是英格堡平常生活的一部分。

But of course the Alpine horn concert is a special event, for which many locals and visitors alike are happy to rise and shine a little earlier than usual.

当然，为了这场特别的阿尔卑斯号角音乐会，许多的当地人和游客都很乐意比平时早些起床。Engelberg has been celebrating Swiss national day in style since 1966. While some other villages have long since abandoned their festivities making 1 August.

In Engelberg the entire length of the village street becomes one big party venue. This is all thanks to the local societies, who set up marquees（大帐篷）and provide a range of refreshments throughout the day.

英格堡从1996年开始一直在庆祝瑞士国庆节，并形成了自己的特色，而其它村庄早已放弃8月1日这个节日了。

英格堡的整条街道都成了一个大的派对场所，这都归功于当地的社会团体，他们为此搭起了搭帐篷，并全天提供一系列的点心。

Passage 3

敬启者：

经我方驻贵国大使馆商务参赞处的介绍，特致函贵方。现冒昧向

贵方介绍，我们公司经营丝绸产品，向欧洲和日本出口。

我公司专营上述业务。许多年前，我们同你们国家就上述商品做

过大笔交易。鉴于我们两国已建立了外交关系，我们愿意同贵方建立

直接的业务关系，因为你们是丝绸产品的进口商。

如贵方能告知我们是否对上述商品生意感兴趣，我们将十分感谢。

顺致敬意

Dear Sirs,

We are writing to you at the suggestion of our C ommercial Counselor’s office of the Embassy in your country. We take the liberty of introducing ourselves as exports of silk piece goods, which we have been exporting to Europe and Japan.

We are specialized in the above business and recall that many years ago, considerable business was done with your country on such items. Now that the diplomatic relation between our two countries has been established, we are desirous of establishing direct business relations with your corporation, knowing that you are the buyer of silk piece goods.

We shall be grateful if you let us know whether you are interested in the above items.

Yours faithfully

Passage 4（P156）

在货到目的地口岸60天内，如发现货物品质、规格和数量与合同

不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验

证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。

Within60 days after arrival of the goods at the destination,should the quality, specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract, except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable, the Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for

compensation to the Sellers.

由于不可抗力的原因，发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致

卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任。

The sellers shall not be responsible for the delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.

不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方并于30天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件。The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above and send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident within 30 days thereafter.

在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。

Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods.

凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协

商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序

进行仲裁。仲裁将是终局，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。

All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through consultations. In case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party.

Passage 5

近年来,我国就业形势总体令人满意,就业工作取得显著成效, 为维护经济社会稳定做出了突出贡献。

In recent years, China has witnessed a satisfactory employment situation in general and remarkable achievements in its employment, making outstanding contributions to the stability of economy and society.

就业规模持续扩大，失业率在较低水平。就业结构更加合理。就业渠道更加多元化，形式日益灵活。

The employment scope has been expanded continuously while remaining the unemployment rate at a low level. The employment structure has been more rationalized; the avenues for employment have been more diversified and the forms of employment have become increasingly flexible.

尤其是电子商务的迅速发展带动了网络业务就业率的不断增长。就业质量进一步提升，劳动者权益得到有效维护。

The rapid development of E-commerce in particular has driven the growth of the employment rate of network business. The employment quality has been further improved and laborer rights and interests have been effectively protected.

更重要的是，职工工资水平逐步提高，2010和2015年，就业人员平均工资年均分别增长

10.8%和13.8%。

What is more important, the wage of workers has been increased steadily, with their average annual wage increased by 10.8% and 13.8% in 2010 and 2015 respectively.

Passage 6

金融是现代经济的核心。改革开放以来，我国的金融市场不断发展壮大。20世纪八十年代，我国的金融改革的主要内容以引进市场经济金融体系的基本结构为主。

Finance is the core of modern economy. China's financial market has developed strongly since the reform and opening up. In 1980s, our financial reform concentrated on introducing the basic structure of financial system of market economy.

90年代上半期和中期以建立符合市场经济需要的金融机构和金融市场框架为主。2002—2008年为规范化和专业化的金融改革与发展时期。

In the first half and the medium term of 1990s，we focused on the establishment of financial institutions and financial market framework in conformity with the needs of market economy, and paid attention to the standardization and specialization of financial reform and development from 2002 to 2008.

当前，我国金融正处于市场化、国际化、和多元化的阶段，面临着比以往更加复杂的局面。At present, China's financial market is in the stage of marketization, internationalization, and diversification, facing a more complex situation than ever before.

―十三五‖时期，中国要继续发挥经济的巨大潜能和强大优势，就必须加快转变经济发展方式，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，坚定不移地实施创新驱动发展战略，提高发展质量和效益，培育新的增长动力。

During the period of 13th Five-Year Plan, we must speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development, strive to promote the structural reform of supply-side, thus exerting the huge potential and strong advantages of economy. We will unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy to improve the quality and efficiency of development and cultivate the new growing momentum.

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能李专，肖鹏，熊翔粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日）摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

计算机专业外文文献及翻译

微软Visual Studio 1微软Visual Studio Visual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE，它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。 Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。 Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html,（通过Visual https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html,），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。它也支持的 XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和CSS.为特定用户提供服务的Visual Studio也是存在的：微软Visual Basic，Visual J＃、Visual C＃和Visual C++。微软提供了“直通车”的Visual Studio 2010组件的Visual Basic和Visual C＃和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何费用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005专业版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定语言版本（Visual Basic、C++、C＃、J＃），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。 2架构 Visual Studio不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。IDE提供三项服务：SVsSolution，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它处理VS压缩包的注册。此外，IDE还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器，设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio 使用COM访问VSPackage。在Visual Studio SDK中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CLI兼容的语言的任何围绕COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM 功能。

外文翻译

Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学院：专 2011年6月电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Overview https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, is part of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Framework,and when coding https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, applications you have access to classes in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#.These languages enable you to develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, applications that benefit from the common language runtime,type safety, inheritance,and so on. If you want to try https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html,,you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer,which is a free tool that makes it simple to download,install,and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express,Internet Information Services (IIS),SQL Server Express,and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Framework.All of these are tools that you use to create https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Web applications.You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, and PHP Web applications. Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Web applications.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Web pages on your own computer.Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Web pages,without requiring Internet Information Services(IIS)to be installed. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af4345559.html, Web pages on your own computer.

外文资料及其翻译

A Wavelet Based Approach for Fast Detection of Internal Fault in Power Transformers The power transformer is one of the most expensive elements of power system and its protection is an essential part of the overall system protection strategy. The differential protection provides the best protection for power transformer. Its operation principle is based on this point that the differential current during an internal fault is higher than normal condition. But, a large transient current (inrush current) can cause mal-operation of differential relays. Then, studies for the improvement of the transformer protection have focused on discrimination between internal short circuit faults and inrush currents in transformers. The magnetizing inrush current has a large second order harmonic component in comparison to internal faults. Therefore , some transformer protection systems are designed to halt operating during the inrush current by sensing this large second order harmonic. The second harmonic component in the magnetizing inrush currents tend to be relatively small in modern large power transformers because of improvements in the power transformer core materials. Also , it has been seen that the fault current can contain higher second order harmonics than the inrush current due to nonlinear fault resistance, CT saturation .the distributed capacitance in the transmission line, which transformer is connected to, or due to the use of extra high voltage underground cables. Various methods have been suggested for overcoming this protection system mal-operation. This paper presents a wavelet based method for discrimination among inrush current, internal short circuit ,external short circuit and energizing and it is not affected by CT saturation and it is able to detect internal faults while transformer energization. Unlike Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic based algorithms. This approach is not system dependent. The operating time of the scheme is less than 10ms. The Daubechies mother wavelet is used with a sample rate of 5 kHz. Then , the differential currents of the three phases are decomposed into two details and only the second level will be considered by using db5 mother wavelet. Discrete Wavelet Transform The wavelet transform is a powerful tool to extract information from the non-stationary signals simultaneously in both time and frequency domains. The ability of the wavelet transform to focus on short time intervals for high-frequency components and long intervals for low-frequency components improves the analysis

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处：《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）

唯美的中文翻译成英文

唯美的中文翻译成英文 Abandon 放弃 Disguise 伪装 Abiding 持久的，不变的~friendship Indifferent 无所谓 Forever 最爱 I know what you want 我知道你想要什么 See you forget the breathe 看见你忘了呼吸 Destiny takes a hand.命中注定 anyway 不管怎样 sunflower high-profile向日葵，高姿态。 look like love 看起来像爱 Holding my hand, eyes closed you would not get lost 牵着我的手，闭着眼睛走你也不会迷路 If one day the world betrayed you, at least I betray the world for you! 假如有一天世界背叛了你，至少还有我为你背叛这个世界! This was spoiled child, do not know the heart hurts, naive cruel. 这样被宠惯了的小孩子，不知道人心是会伤的，天真的残忍。

How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面，看看你最近的改变，不再去说从前，只是寒暄，对你说一句，只说这一句，好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人，只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊，天不懂雨的落魄，眼不懂泪的懦弱，所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人，而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞，总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城，有一天，你离开了，我的城，也就倒了。

中文和英文简历和专业英语材料翻译

韶关学院期末考核报告科目：专业英语学生姓名：学号：同组人：院系：专业班级：考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师：评分：

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced

外文文献及翻译

文献翻译原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to