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省略与替代

[日期：

2007-08-24]

来源：作者：mmx

[字体：大中

小]

10、省略与替代(Ellipsis and Substitution)

省略与替代二者有着紧密的联系，都是为了精简词语和避免重复，常常交替使用，从而使语言简洁明了，上下文联系更加紧密。

省略

I. 某一句子成分的省略 (I) Beg your pardon?

(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. We’ll do the best we can (do).

Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly. Which of them is the better choice? ——Well, it’s hard to tell (i t). Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash (dishes) and you dry (dishes).

Is this your bike? ——Yes, it is (mine).

He’s a real man. ——Who is (a real man)?

If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty (of that firewoo d).

That letter was the last (I ever received from her).

II.多个句子成分的省略

(I’ll say) A word about your composition.

(It is) Interesting, isn’t it?

(Is there) Anybody in?

(Have you) Got a light?

How could you (say so)?

Why (do you) not go by bus?

Which is the best? ——The red one (is the best).

Have you finished the work? ——Yes, I have (finished it).

III.从句或整句省略

He paused as if (he were) expecting Jenny to speak.

When (she was) asked about it, she only smiled without giving any answe r.

It is easier to make a plan than (it is) to carry it out.

Do you like the film? ——Oh, (I like it) very much.

Shall I make a fair copy of it? ——Yes, (you can make a fair copy of i t) if time permits.

You would do the same (if you were in my position).

I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didn’t know (when s he would leave).

替代

I.名词性替代

名词性替代是指用替代词代替名词或名词词组。常见的名词替代词有代词，one/ones, the same, the kind, the sort等。如：

The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)

Today’s libraries are quite different from those of the past. (those =the li br aries)

I’ll have two boiled eggs, please. ——I’d like the same. (the same =two b oiled eggs)

II.动词性替代

动词性替代是指用替代词代替动词或动词短语。常见的动词替代词有do, do so等。如：

John speaks French as fluently as he does German. (does =speaks)

He said he would tell me the news, but he didn’t do so. (do so =tell me the news)

I like playing football. ——So do I. (So do I = I like playing football to o.)

Mary will enter the competition. ——So will Joan. (so =enter the competit ion)

III.句子替代

句子替代是指用替代词代替整个从句。主要替代词有so和not。如：

——Do you think he’ll come tomorrow?

——Yes, I think so. (so =that he’ll come tomorrow)

No, I think not. (not =that he’ll not come tomorrow)

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【内容导航】

第1页：动词的时态和语态第2页：虚拟语气

第3页：主谓一致第4页：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级

第5页：非谓语动词第6页：名词性从句

第7页：定语从句和状语从句第8页：独立结构

第9页：倒装第10页：省略与替代

录入：ljp

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育学院

省略与代替

省略与替代省略（Ellipsis）是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。在近几年的高考试题中，省略现象也尤为常见。英语中常常使用省略的形式，现总结如下：一、在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语和谓语部分。命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。Open the door!开门！Why not? 为什么不？Why so?为什么这样？Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去？(I’m ) Afraid not. 我恐怕不。What a lovely place (it is)! 多么可爱的地方！〖考点一〗各种省略答语 01.—You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? —_________. How I wish to go there some day. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I have gone there C. No, I didn’t have D. No, I haven’t 02.—What should I do with the passage? —_________ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 二、动词不定式的省略：①使役动词和感觉动词后不定式作宾补时，不带不定式符号to。②不定式与前面的动词重复时，常被省略，但要保留to。 1、使役动词let, make, have及感觉动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe ,feel, find, witness等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去，但用于被动语态时要还原to。例如：I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 2、有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式to符号后面的内容常承前省略，只保留不定式符号to。 ①系动词(be) + adj. 此类用法中常见的形容词有：anxious, ready, glad, happy, willing等。例如： —Could you go shopping with me? —I am glad to.(省略了go shopping with you) ②mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式，只保留不定式符号to。—Are you going there? —Yes, I’d like to. (省略了going there) 【注意】若该宾语是be动词或完成时态的不定式时，则须在to后面保留be 或have。例如： —Are you an engineer?—No, but I want to be. (be不能省略) ③tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后不定式作宾补时，常省略不定

语法“省略与替代”选择题

1. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _______ going on in the world . A. it is B. as is C. there is D. what is 2. She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self , Hair waved and golden , nails red and pointed . A. had B. had had C. would have had D. has had i 3. These proposals sought to place greater restrictons on the use and copying of digital information than _______ in traditional media . A. exist B. exists C. existing D. to exist 4.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 5. You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

高考英语语法-省略与替代

高考英语语法-省略与替代（一）并列句中的省略在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。如： Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and som e few (are) to be chewed and digested. （二）简单句中的省略 1．省略主语 1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如： (You) Be seated, please. 2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如： (I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。） (It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。） 2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如： (There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。） (Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？） (You come) This way, please. （请这边走）。

(Will you)Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？） What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？） Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）3．省略宾语。如： —Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？） —I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。） —Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）—Well, it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟，这很难说。） 4．省略表语。如： —Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？） —Yes, I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。） 5．同时省略几个成分。如： —Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？） —（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。） —Have you finished your work ?（你完成工作了吗？）

省略与替代

省略状语从句中的省略现象一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中： 1. 由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句； 2. 由if，unless，whether等引导的条件状语从句； 3. 由though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句； 4. 由as，as if，as though 方式状语从句; 5. 由as, than引导的比较状语从句。 1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be这时从句中可出现如下结构： ①连词(as, as if, once) + 名词 Once（he was）a teacher, he now works in a government office. ②连词(though，whether，when) + 形容词 Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret. ③连词(whether, as if, while) + 介词短语 He looked everywhere as if（he was）in search of something. ④连词(when，while，though) + 现在分词 While（I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called. ⑤连词（when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as）+ 过去分词 The exhibition is more interesting than（it was）expected. ⑥连词（as if，as though）+ 不定式 He opened his lips as if（he were）to speak. 2）当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be 一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever) + 形容词的结构。如：Unless（it is）necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。Get up early tomorrow. If not（you don’t get up early），you will miss the first bus.

第4单元替代省略与翻译(汉译英)

第4单元替代省略与翻译——汉译英一、汉译英中语篇替代与省略的转换（一）汉译英中替代的转换：讨论：实例1：现在的许多农民，也不像父辈（珍惜粮食）那样珍惜粮食了。 Many farmers today do not treasure grains as much as the older generations did. 讨论：实例2：花园里有各种颜色的花，红的，白的，黄的等等。 In the garden there are many flowers in different colors: the red ones, the white ones and the yellow ones etc. 讨论：实例3：甲：汤姆看完足球赛后看起来很兴奋。乙：玛丽看起来是一样的。 A：Tom looks very excited after watching the football match. B：Mary looks the same. （二）汉译英中省略的转换讨论：实例1：从岗位上退了下来，生活环境与心理状态都发生了变化。老实说，最快慰的事莫过于不再纠缠在人际关系中。 Since retirement my state of mind has changed, along with the change of life environment. But, to be frank, what pleases me most is that I have extricated myself from the entanglement of personal relationships. 讨论：实例2：勇敢过度会变成鲁莽；谨慎过度会变成怯懦；节俭过度会变成贪婪；忍让过度会变成软弱。 Courage in excess may become foolhardiness; prudence cowardice; thrift avarice; and tolerance weakness.

替代和省略

替代和省略替代、省略及使用情况 1、it, one, ones, the ones, that, those, 作为替代词的区别：it 指代上文出现的同名同物，表特指；one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，表泛指，相当于a/ an+单数名词；ones 用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也表示泛指；the one用来替代前面的单数名词，表特指，有时可用that替代（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；the ones 用来代替前面的复数名词，表特指，可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；that用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示特指，相当于the+单数/不可数名词。 (1)Mr. Wang gave me a very valuable presents, one(a present) that I have never seen. (2)Mr. Wang gave me many valuable presents, ones (presents) that I have never seen. (3)The book on the desk is better than that/ the one(the book)under the desk. (4)The book on the desk is better than those/ the ones(the books) under the desk. (5)Few pleasures can equal that(the pleasure)of a cool drink on a hot day。省略：一、简单句中的省略 1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。 What a hot day (it is)! How wonderful (it is)! 2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 (Is there)Anything else? —Are you feeling better now? —(I am feeling)Much better. 二、并列句中的省略 1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。 John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。 His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。 He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同，that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。 Jack will dance at the party, but I know Tom won't. 三、复合句中的省略

2020高考英语中的省略

高考中的省略在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：一、简单句中的省略 1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如： What a hot day ! How wonderful! 2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分，如：Anything else ? —Are you feeling better now ? — Much better . This way, please. 二、并列句中的省略 1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分，如：John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如： His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如： He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同， that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分，如：Jack will danceat the party, but I know Tom won't . 三、复合句中的省略

英语中的省略句

简单句中的省略用法 ? A. 在对话、交际中 ◎在回答他人的问题时，根据问题的类型和性质，只作简短的回答。如： (1)—Do you like playing volleyball? 你喜欢打排球吗？ —Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。 (2)—Who is talking with our teacher? 谁在跟我们的老师谈话？ —Our headmaster. 我们的校长。 (3)—What is your favourite subject? 你最喜欢哪一学科？ —English. 英语。 ◎谈论事物时，接着人家的话，发表自己的观点、看法，常省略相同的部分。此时，被的成分可根据上文内容补出。如： (1)—Maths is very difficult. 数学很难。 —But very important and useful. 但是很重要、很有用。 (2)—Ann is very clever. 安妮很聪明。 —And very diligent. 并且也很勤奋。 ◎表达心里感受时，主语、系动词常被省略。如： (1)—How do you find English？你认为英语怎么样？ —Very interesting. 很有趣。 (2)—Nice to see you again. 又见到你真高兴。 (3)—What do you think about this film? 你认为这场电影怎样？ —Very disappointing. 非常令人失望。 B. 在某些句型中 ◎中的主语常 (1)Go and open the window. 去把窗户打开。 (2)Follow me, please. 请跟我来。 (3)Be bold but don’t be shy. 胆大一点，不要害羞。 (4)Don’t worry about them. 不要为他们操心。 ◎感叹句在发出感慨时，为了表达出强烈的感情，常、系动词或谓语动词等。如： (1)What a good girl! 多好的女孩啊！

18于老师强调省略替代专题

强调、省略和替代强调句型考点1 强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 提示：1）强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。 It is imagination that makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. 2) 在强调结构中，be动词一律用单数形式。如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴，就用was；如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴，就用is It was what he said that disappointed me. It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. 考点2 强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that +句子其他成分 Was it you that I saw last night at the concert? Was it for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village? 考点3 强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was it that +句子其他成分？ 1）注意在强调句的疑问句型中，that/who后使用陈述语序。 Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? 2) 强调句型作主语，宾语，表语，或同位语是，其语序为：特殊疑问词+it is/was that +句子其他成分 I just wondered what it is that makes him so excited. 考点4 not…until 强调句型：It is/was+not until…that… It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 考点5 强调句型与相关句型的辨析 1.与时间状语从句的区别 It is/was +一段时间+ since … It be +时间点+when… That was really a splendid evening. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much It was not yet eight o’clock when he arrived home. 2.与定语从句的区别 It is at the lecture hall where we last got together that the New Year’s party will be held. 谓语动词的强调强调谓语需要使用助动词do, did 或does He did want to come to see you, but he was very busy. 达标训练： 1. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A where B that C when D which 2. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ______ has made him what he is today. A why B when C where D that 3. If you have a job, _______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A do devote B don’t devote C devoting D not devoting 4. It was _____ he came back from Africa that year ______ he met the girl he would like to marry. A when, then B not, until C not until, that D only , when 5. It was in New Zealand ______ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith A that B how C which D when

英语中的省略和替代

省略和替代省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中，它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复，言简意赅。一、省略（一）复合句的省略 1. 状语从句由(al)though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导，且同时具备下列两个条件：1）主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；2）从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如： When (the museum is ) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 2. 比较状语从句的省略。例如： I’m taller than he (is tall). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is). 3. 某些虚拟语气的句子可以省略should。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，但从句要使用倒装结构。例如： I suggest that he (should) study more English before going abroad. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go with her. 4. 宾语从句中的连接词that，限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常省略。例如： I think (that) you are wrong. She is the woman (who/ whom /that) we are talking about. （二）并列句的省略为使句子简洁，在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分。例如： He often regards English as easy and (he often regards) French as difficult. I could have stayed home, but I didn’t (stay home). （三）（简单句）习惯省略 1. 对话语境中前后省略。例如： —How are you? —(I’m) Fine. 2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如： He spends his evening (in) studying Chinese. They are busy (in) cleaning the room. We could stop them (from) moving the heavy box. 这类词常为waste/ succeed / difficulty/ trouble/ keep/ prevent等。 3. 省略不定式符号to。不定式作动词make /let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to，但变成被动语态时不能省略。例如： The boss made the workers work all day and all night. The workers were made to work all day and all night. 在密切联系的语境中，为避免重复，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如： Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. —Did you invite him to the party yesterday? —Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused to. 单项选择题考查的主要是状语从句、不定式和问句的省略。

省略与代替

会员：密码：登录激活账号忘记密码首页新闻动态听力频道词汇语法美文欣赏精品课程系列讲座考试园地英语大赛网络教程课题成果应用语法讲解省略与替代 [日期： 2007-08-24] 来源：作者：mmx [字体：大中小] 10、省略与替代(Ellipsis and Substitution) 省略与替代二者有着紧密的联系，都是为了精简词语和避免重复，常常交替使用，从而使语言简洁明了，上下文联系更加紧密。省略 I. 某一句子成分的省略 (I) Beg your pardon? (There) Must be somebody waiting for you. We’ll do the best we can (do). Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly. Which of them is the better choice? ——Well, it’s hard to tell (i t). Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash (dishes) and you dry (dishes).

Is this your bike? ——Yes, it is (mine). He’s a real man. ——Who is (a real man)? If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty (of that firewoo d). That letter was the last (I ever received from her). II.多个句子成分的省略 (I’ll say) A word about your composition. (It is) Interesting, isn’t it? (Is there) Anybody in? (Have you) Got a light? How could you (say so)? Why (do you) not go by bus? Which is the best? ——The red one (is the best). Have you finished the work? ——Yes, I have (finished it). III.从句或整句省略 He paused as if (he were) expecting Jenny to speak. When (she was) asked about it, she only smiled without giving any answe r. It is easier to make a plan than (it is) to carry it out. Do you like the film? ——Oh, (I like it) very much. Shall I make a fair copy of it? ——Yes, (you can make a fair copy of i t) if time permits. You would do the same (if you were in my position). I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didn’t know (when s he would leave). 替代 I.名词性替代名词性替代是指用替代词代替名词或名词词组。常见的名词替代词有代词，one/ones, the same, the kind, the sort等。如： The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)

英语中的省略现象

英语中的省略现象在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，给考生的理解增加了困难。在近几年的NMET中，省略现象十分常见，为帮助考生更好地迎战高考，现对省略现象总结如下: 一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。 1. This beeper works well，but that one doesn’t (work well). 这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个就不行。　2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units. 所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)， as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。　1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水纯净时，是无色的液体。　2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困难时总是找她帮助。　3. Errors，if any，should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are) 　4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时，它放出很多烟。　5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。　6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。　7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。三、当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”时，可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。　1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book. 如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。　2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。　1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack. 外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。　2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。　3. It’s a pity (that) you can’t operate a computer. 很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。 4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China. 这是我第三次来中国。五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。

省略和替代

省略和替代一、省略（一）、简单句中的省略 1、对话语境中前后省略。 ------ How are you feeling today? ------ ( I’m) Much better. ------ How are you ? ------ ( I’m) Fine. Sounds reasonable to me. 2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。 He spends his evening (in) studying Chinese. They are busy (in) cleaning the room. We could stop them (from) moving the heavy box. 这类词常为：waste/succeed/difficulty/trouble/keep/prevent等。 3、省略不定式符号to。不定式作动词make/let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to，但变成被动语态时to不能省略。 The boss made the workers work all day and all night. T he workers were made to work all day and all night. 在密切联系的语境中，为避免重复，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. ----- Did you invite him to the party yesterday? ----- Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused to. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him______? A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not it (二)、并列句的省略为使句子简洁，在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分。 He often regards English as easy and French as difficult. I could have stayed home, but I didn’t. Linda handed in her composition, but Jenny didn’t. Are you come on Monday or Sunday? (三)、复合句的省略 1、状语从句中的省略在由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由if, unless, whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as, than引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和助动词。 When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. Bob caught a big fish while swimming across the river. He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if possible. You can use my mobile if necessary. I’m taller than he.

省略和替代

(A) and should have no writing in them or be underlined (B) and should not have writing in them or not be underlined (C) and contain no writing or underlining (D) without containing writing nor be underlined (E) without having any writing or no underlining in them 115. Although the phenomenon of withdrawal has always been the crucial physiological Leng for distinguishing addictive from non-addictive drugs, it has become increasingly evident that not all regular heroin users experience withdrawal symptoms. (A) addictive from (B) addictive and (C) addictive or (D) between addictive or (E) among addictive or (A) and it is therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed (B) it is therefore the most elusive of submarines, and it has increased the view (C) and therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed (D) and therefore it is the most elusive of submarines, there is an increasing view (E) therefore being the most elusive of submarines, it is increasingly viewed (A) only one in the East (B) only one eastern state (C) in the East there was only one state (D) in the East only one state did (E) only one in the East had 181. Dr. Sayre’s lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between na tions that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular sup port. (A) relations between nations that illustrates (B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates (C) relations between nations that illustrate (D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate (E) relations of nations that illustrates

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