初中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气

初中英语语法谈谈虚拟语气

如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？

1.I wish I were a bird.

2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的I were 错了，应该是I was；而第二句中的you be是什么东东呀？不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

I work ---- I work

you work ---- you work

he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是work，不是works)

she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔）

it works ---- it work(同样不是it works 喔)

we work ---- we work

they work ---- they work

1.2现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气）

I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)

you are working ---- you be working

he is working ---- he be working

she is working ---- she be working

it is working ---- it be working

we are working ---- we be working

they are woring ---- they be working

1.3现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

I have worked ---- I have worked

you have worked ---- you have worked

he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

she has worked ---- she have worked

it has worked ---- it have worked

we have worked ---- we have worked

they have worked ---- they have worked

1.4现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I have been working ---- I have been working

you have been working ---- you have been working

he has been working ---- he have been working(是he have, 不是he has )

she has been working ---- she have been working

it has been working --- it have been working

we have been working ---- we have been working

they have been working ---- they have been working

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二）

二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)

虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词be，在虚拟过去中要用were。

2.1过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)

I worked ---- I worked

you worked ---- you worked

he worked ---- he worked

she worked ---- she worked

it worked ---- it worked

we worked ---- we worked

they worked ---- they worked

2.2过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I was working ---- I were working （注意是I were）

you were working ---- you were working

he was working ---- he were working (是he were 喔)

she was working ---- she were working

it was working ---- it were working

we were working ---- we were working

they were working ---- they were working

2.3过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

I had worked ---- I had worked

you had worked ---- you had worked

he had worked ---- he had worked

she had worked ---- she had worked

it had worked ---- it had worked

we had worked ---- we had worked

they had worked ---- they had worked

(耶，全部都用had ! )

2.4过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I had been working ---- I had been working

you had been working ---- you had been working

he had been working ---- he had been working

she had been working ---- she had been working

it had been working ---- it had been working

we had been working ---- we had been working

they had been working ---- they had been working

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（三）

三、简单的祝愿和命令：

3.1祝愿

1.May you be happy. (注意那个be)祝你幸福。

2.May you have a good time.

3.May the friendship between us last long,

4.Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！

3.2命令

注意：

1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。

1.Work !

2.Work harder !

3.Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)

4.You go out !

5.Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)

6.Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(四)

四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Modal Verb)的过去时态(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等：

1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词would,表示客气有礼)

2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)

五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：

5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)：

表示：

a.和现在的事实相反；

b.和过去的事实相反；

c.对将来的主观愿望。

5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)

我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)

但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)

但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.

(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)

现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.

(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用"had + 过去分词"（时间上较前):

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)

5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后):

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(五)

5.2除了wish之外，下列各动词(如suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用："should + 动词原形"表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：

* suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议)

* insist (坚持), consent (允诺)

* decide (决定), order (命令)

* request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)

* maintain (主张), urge (催促)

1.I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.

(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)

2.The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.

(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)

3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.

(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)

4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.

(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)

5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. (ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)

六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：

下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用"should + 动词原形" 表示虚拟语气：

* demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)

* advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)

* order (命令)

* necessity (必要地), preference (优先)

* proposal (计划), plan (计划),idea (办法)

1.The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(六)

七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原形……

句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)

常用的形容词：

* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)

* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)

* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)

* desirable (极好的)

常用的过去分词(Past Participle):

* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)

* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)

* orderd (命令)

1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.

(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.

(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)

3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.

(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)

4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school. (important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.

(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(七)

八、虚拟语气在条件从句(Protasis)中的用法：

条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是"真实条件句"。如：

1. If time permits, we'll go fishing together.

(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）

如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为"虚拟条件句"。如：

1. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.

（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）

这回我们要谈的就是关于"虚拟条件句"的一些句型。

* 这种句子一般由"从句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)组成。如上

例：

If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.

"If it had rained yesterday" 就是"从句"；"we would have stayed at home" 则为"主句。

* 无论"从句"或"主句"的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(Tenses)，就是：现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。

* 句型：

8.1与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内):

从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……

主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

1.If I were you, I would go with him.

(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)

2.If I were you, I should buy it.

(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy)

3.If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。）

（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study）

4. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。) (从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)

注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……"

5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.

(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)

8.2与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：

从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……

主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……

1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.

(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)

如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。

2. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.

(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)

如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。

3. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用have caught)

如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。

4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.

(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用have skied)

如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。

注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："I主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+…… 5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.

(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking)

8.3与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：

从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……

主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……

1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用be)

如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

2. If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.

(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用tell)

如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。

3.If he were here, I would give him the books.

(从句动词用were, 主句动词用give)

如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。

注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"

4.If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.

(从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let)

如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。

8.4 从句的If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前面：

1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.

去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)

2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.

去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)

8.5有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：

1. I could help you.(只有主句）

2. If I had time. (只有从句）

3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)

4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)

8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：

8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：

If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

8.6.2从句表示将来，主句表示过去：

If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.

8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：

If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.

8.6.4从句表示将来，主句表示现在：

If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(八)

九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：

9.1 用as if (或as though 好象) 的状语从句，表示与事实相反：

1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.

（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）

他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。

2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago. (用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)

那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。

3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.

(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)

他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

9.2用had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。其宾语从句的谓语要用"would + 动词原形"：

1. I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in

China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。

9.3用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：1.Without air, nothing could live.

要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。

2.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.

要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。

3.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.

如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。

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A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 、 9、Does Jack want a writer A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 【 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 【 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought

初中英语语法综合练习题单项选择

初中英语语法综合练习题单项选择 1、The boy likes________questions. A．a s k B．a n s w e r C．t o a s k 2、We'll try________there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped________their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad________you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me_________my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice __________in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him ______________it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick___________in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want___________ a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them___________from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time___________home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like___________you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget___________your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know___________ . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much___________ . A．did it cost B．cost it C．it costed D．it costs 16、I wonder___________used for. A．what was this room B．which was this room C．what this room was D．that this room was 17、I really don't know___________ . A．where he was born B．where he is born C．where was he born D．where is he born 18、We have no idea___________ . A．how worried was he B．how worried he was C．that was he worried D．what was he worried 19、He wanted to know___________there. A．how long time I had been B．how long had I been C．how long I had been D．how long I was 20、My mother wants to know___________ . A．how is Tom getting along B．how he is getting along C．what is he getting along D．what he is getting along 21、What shall we do___________it rains tomorrow? A．if B．when C．since 22、The doctor didn't have a rest ___________the operation was over.

初中英语语法知识总结

英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

最新整理初中英语语法综合练习题(有答案)

初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．an swer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing

7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B ．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school.

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代词 ①单项选择。（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词） 1. ____ is she? She's a nurse. A. Who B. Where C. Which D. What 2. ____ is Tom like? Oh, he's short. A. Which B. Who C. What D. Whom 3. ____ cap is that? A. Who's B. Who C. Whose D. Where 4. ____ is no use telling him about that. A. This B. That C. These D. It 5. The three men, Bob, Joe and ____ met at the station. A. I B. me C. her D. you 6. ____ have been to Paris. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, he and me 7. My brother is so young that he can't take care of ____ . A. him B. herself C. himself D. his 8. The young teacher teaches ____ politics. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourself 9. Our work is not so good as ____ . A. him B. he C. his D. he's 10. Has Jack got the money? Yes, I gave ____ yesterday. A .to him them B. to him if C. him them D. it to him 11. How hard ____ works! A. we B .him C. he D. his 12. Won't you let ____ help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to 13. He asked the three men, Bob, Joe and ____ to be ready. A. I B. himself C. me D. herself 14. All my classmates are going to the Summer Palace except ____ . A. he and I B. he and me C. him and I D. him and me 15. Go ____ to ____! A. here, us B. there, they C. there, them D. here, we 16. The moon is shining brightly tonight .____ is like a round plate. A. Its B. He C. She D. They 17. He is as tall as ____ . A. she B. her C. him D. himself 18. If I were ____ , I would take the advice. A. she B. her C. he D. his 19. Open the door. please? It's ____ . A. I B. my C. mine D. me

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英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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一、单项选择 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine ( ) 15. - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn't. B. they won't. C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题

初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内， 例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事， 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事， look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ？ I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如： You look in this box and I'll

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。

初中英语语法练习题及答案

1．There is ____ old woman in the car. A．/ B．the C．a D．an 2．We often go to the park ____ Sundays. A．on B．in C．at D．from 3．My book ____ on the desk. A．is B．am C．are D．be 4．Which language is ____ ，English, French or Chinese? A．difficult B．the difficult C．more difficult D．the most difficult 5．---- ____ book is this? ----It's Kate's. A．When B．Why C．Where D．Whose 6．----Can you write a letter in English? ----No, I ____. A．may not B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't 7．I ____ my homework when Mike came last night A．do B．was doing C．am doing D．have done 8．He began to ____ English three years ago. A．learn B．learns C．learned D．learning 9．Jim is a driver, ____ he? A．does B．doesn't C．is D．isn't 10．“What's wrong ____ you?”the doctor asked. A．from B．with C．for D．at 11．He is rich, ____ he isn't happy. A．or B．so C．and D．but 12．----Where is Alice? ----She ____ to the library. A．goes

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一般现在时1定义 1

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1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,neve e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 2.表示发生或者存在于说话之时的感觉，状态，和关系。时间的焦点在说话时的现在。 这样的动词有： know love have hear agree be think see taste feel seem look want belong require like等，这类动词的特点都有延续性，用一般时态就能表示动作或者状态的持续。 e.g. I see some twinkling stars in the sky. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 5.表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 6.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 7.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 8.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 ☆注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 5

初中英语语法大全汇总

初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。