4热爱生命

4《热爱生命》教案

教学目标

知识目标

1．理解、积累“踉跄、窒息、辗转、吹毛求疵、奄奄一息”等词语。

2．了解杰克·伦敦的人生及创作经历，把握小说富有传奇色彩的情节结构。

能力目标

1．体会小说细腻的心理描写和逼真的细节描写。

2．领会主人公的精神魅力及其象征意味。

德育目标

体会小说主人公坚韧顽强、不畏艰险的性格特征，培养敬畏生命、热爱生命的理念。教学重点、难点

1．诵读，领会主人公的精神魅力。体会心理描写和细节描写的作用。

2．体会小说的象征意义。

课时安排1课时

教学过程

自主预习

一、导语设计

同学们，说起美国小说家杰克·伦敦，我们自然会想到他富于传奇色彩的人生经历和拼搏中蕴蓄生命的北方小说。北极地带严寒自然情境中毅力坚强的人们，传递着的是撼人心魄的力量。今天，我们就一起走进小说《热爱生命》，去了解一个美国西部淘金者绝境求生的艰难历程。(板书文题、作者)

二、资料助读

杰克·伦敦(1876～1916)美国小说家，生于加利福尼亚旧金山一个破产农民家庭。他从幼年起就不得不出卖体力养活自己。他当过牧童、报童、童工、工人、水手。他还参加过1893年大恐慌中失业大军组成的抗议队伍，以流浪罪被捕入狱，罚做苦工几个月。出狱后，他一边拼命干活，一边刻苦学习，广泛涉猎达尔文、斯宾塞、尼采和马克思等人的著作。他曾考进加利福尼亚大学，一年后辍学。后来受了阿拉斯加淘金热的影响，加入了淘金者的行列，却因病空手而归，但带回了北方故事的丰富素材。从此，他埋头写作，成为“出卖脑力劳动”的职业作家。

杰克·伦敦从1900年起连续发表了许多短篇小说，通称为“北方故事”，是他的成名之作。描写英国伦敦贫民窟和工人的悲惨生活《深渊中的人们》、自传体小说《马丁·伊登》、政治幻想小说《铁蹄》等许多中长篇小说和散文集，深刻地揭露资本主义社会的弊端和罪恶，有力地控诉资产阶级对劳动人民的剥削．公开号召用阶级斗争和武装革命推翻资本主义制度。

杰克·伦敦在十几年创作生涯中共写了19部长篇小说，150多篇中短篇小说和大量文学报告集、散文集和论文。其中比较优秀的还有《荒野的呼唤》《白牙》《天大亮》《月谷》《墨西哥人》和受到列宁赞赏的《热爱生命》。1916年杰克·伦敦在精神极度空虚和悲观失望中自杀身亡。

三、疏解下列字词。

嶝岩(chán)：高而险的山岩。

踉跄(liàng qiàng)：走路不稳。

辗转(zhǎn zhuǎn)：①(身体)翻来覆去。②经过许多人的手或经过许多地方。

奄奄一息：形容气息微弱。

吹毛求疵(cī)：故意挑毛病，找差错。疵，缺点、毛病。

骸骨(hái) 鲦鱼(tiáo) 窒息(zhì)

整体感知

1、复述故事情节。

教师提示小说情节：《热爱生命》讲述的是这样一个故事：一个美国西部的淘金者在返回的途中被朋友抛弃了，他独自跋涉在广袤的荒原上。冬天逼近了，寒风夹着雪花向他袭来，他已经没有一点食物了，而且他的腿受了伤，鞋子破了，脚在流血。他只能歪歪斜斜地蹒跚在布满沼泽、丘陵、小溪的荒原上，非常艰难地前行着。就在他的身体非常虚弱的时候，他遇到了一匹病狼。他发现这匹病狼跟在他的身后。舔着他的血迹尾随着他。就这样，两个濒临死亡的生灵拖着垂死的躯壳在荒原上互相猎取对方。为了活着回去、为了战胜这匹令他作呕的病狼．最终在人与狼的战斗中人获得了胜利，他咬死了狼，喝了狼的血。最终他获救了，使生命放射出耀眼的光芒。

2、小说的主人公在茫茫荒原上面临着哪些生死考验?他为什么能超越极限、战胜病狼而顽强地生存下来?

学生筛选、概括，教师点拨：

主人公所面临的生死考验有饥饿、恶劣的天气(“接下来是几天可怕的雨雪”)、个人体力的极度虚弱、伤病以及野兽的威胁(“这地方的狼很多”)等。他之所以能战胜这些并顽强地生存下来，是因为他坚韧顽强，不畏艰难险阻。他虽然身体衰弱无比。并且时常处于昏迷之中，却有着惊人的意志力。在这场人与自然、人与自我的至死搏斗中，人的伟大与坚强也最鲜明地体现了出来。作品所要弘扬的正是这样—种硬汉精神。

分析人物形象

在塑造这一人物时作者主要采用了哪些描写方法？

1.共同赏析精彩片段。

（1）抽读52页第二、三自然段写主人公见到驯鹿骨头的段落：

提示：这是在主人公饥饿难忍、无处觅食之时的思维独白和动作描写，一头可爱的小驯鹿只剩下了骨头，他联想到什么呢？（联想到自己，联想到生命是如此脆弱，这说明即使意志坚强的人也有内心的矛盾和痛苦，在同环境和困难斗争的时候也有自身的灰心和软弱，真实地反映了人物的内心。）

那他是否消沉，退缩呢？行动就是最好的证明，即使生肉、碎骨也让他感到欣喜，可见对生命的热爱，对生的渴求。同时他不觉得痛则说明身体的虚弱，反应开始迟钝了。

（2）人和病狼最后较量的情节是小说最为精彩的场面，也是高潮部分，可齐读最后两段：在这部分中，写到了他的感受，突出了心理活动，生动形象地描写了人与狼搏斗的动作、过程。哪些词语或句子用得最精彩？一个濒临死亡的人最后为什么能战胜狼呢？

（3）概括主人公的形象。

通过上述对主人公内心世界和细节、动作的刻画，揭示了主人公身处困境却不肯向困难低头，顽强不屈同自然作斗争的坚强意志和热爱生命的深刻主题。同时，主人公也在同自然和自身弱点的斗争中不断磨炼自己坚强的意志和求生的信念，培养了顽强的生命意志和勇敢精神，成为顽强不屈、具有超人勇气的强者。精读品析

1、清揣摩文中显著的象征物“狼”的隐喻。

杰克·伦敦“为生存而拼搏”并获得成功，他喜欢用”狼”自比，小说中的场景构设无疑是他对社会进化论思想的体现。艰难爬行的主人公和一直尾随其后的饥饿不堪、奄奄一

息的狼所面临的选择是简单而清晰的：要么战胜对方生存下去，要么被对方战胜，沦为牺牲品。主人公以他坚毅勇敢的性格和顽强不屈的生命意志，在同狼的最后搏斗中取胜，成为真正的“强者”。小说启示人们，生命是神奇而宝贵的，只有敬畏生命，热爱生命，才能让生命光芒四射。

文中的“狼”可以看作险恶的自然环境与自然力量的一种隐喻。

2.“他”是小说的主人公，可文中一直没有名字，是作者的失误吗？谈谈自己的想法。

应该不是,作者用他来代指的是人类,如果加上名字那么代指的就不大明显了,\\\'他\\\'可以指你,也可以指我,而名字就不能代指那么广泛了.

合作交流

1.分析环境描写在小说中的作用，边阅读边圈点批注。

2、文章表达了作者怎样的情感？揭示了什么样的主题？

提示：这是一支弘扬生命的赞歌，我们从文章的字里行间感受作者对人生的积极态度，对生命的珍爱，感受到生命本身那巨大的潜能，这种能量让你不管面对什么，哪怕是吞噬你的荒野、野兽，折磨你的饥饿、疾病，你都能勇敢地战胜它们。生命永远与我们同在!

八、教学后记

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