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【阅读】高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX

创作者：别如克*

阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：

1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。

3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。

5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。

根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。

下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。

一．主旨大意题

阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概

括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有

其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘

相同点，寻找解题的方法。

常见题型：

1．主题型：

What’s the main idea of thi s passage ?

What does this passage mainly discuss?

What’s the topic of this passage ?

2．标题型：

What’s the best title?

The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————.

3．目的型：

The main purpose of this text is ————.

The author’s purpose of writing this text is to ————.

What’s the main purpose of the passage?

解题指导：

1．抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各段中心句进行总结。

2．抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、比较、分类、归纳等不同方法来组织文章。

3．把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。

4．体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。

二．词义理解题

词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标。无论一个人的词汇量有多大，都

会在阅读中碰到生词。对词义的理解往往会影响到对全文的准确把握。

阅读过程中，为保证适当的阅读速度，一般不必频繁的停下查字典。对

于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的生词，跳过即可。词义理解包括：生词词义和熟词新义。

解题指导：

1.利用语境、常识和语法关系推断词义

一、抓住所需推断词汇前后的“mean”或系动词或破折号等直接定义该

词的部分。

二、抓住文章主旨与该段所表达的中心。特别对于议论文要牢记论点与

论据的相互支撑关系。三通过例证、比喻、对照、插入语等语法结构推

断词义。

2．利用词根、前后缀与合成词推断词义。

三．句意理解题

句意理解题是常见的阅读题型。它不仅考查对句子表层意思的理解能

力。有时还需要读者结合上下文和平时的知识积累、生活常识和人生阅历来判断或推断句子的深层含义。

常见题型：

1．开门见山型：问题中直接要求读者对文中某一句进行理解。

The underlined sentence may tell us that ————.

What does the underlined sentence mean?

2．隐含理解型：题目中未直接点出考查句，需要我们根据题干和选项信息找到并理解该句。简单理解：通过理解句中关键词，明确句内关系以获得正确答案。综合理解：需要结合语境、分析上下文关系，获得正确答案。

解题指导：

根据题干，缩小并锁定相关句段。挖掘选项异同点寻找提示。利用各类词义理解技巧逐一突破关键词。抓住表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词，准确把握句内各分句以及该句所在段落各句间的逻辑关系。

四．概括归纳题

在词义与句义理解的基础上，结合上下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大

意，对于把握文章主旨，分析全文结构都是至关重要的。此类题型考查了读者段落或文章某一版块的理解概括能力。

常见题型：

1．单段型：要求归纳某一段大意。

What can we learn from the last paragraph ?

According to the third paragraph ,the Britons think that ————.

In paragraph 2, the writer uses the example of the ancient Greek athletes to show that ————.

2．多段型：要求归纳多段大意或多段细节总结某一非全文主旨的观点。

解题指导:

1．通过审题，缩小范围，锁定相关段落。

2．利用词义及字意理解技巧，透彻把握段落关键词的含义。

3．抓住文章中连词（如表转折、因果、递进、承接、让步等关系的词语）、序数词（如First …Second …）等提示性词句，辨清段落之间的逻辑关系。

五．观点态度题

观点态度题从某种意义上来说要求考生具有较高层次的阅读技能，包括在复杂的语境条件下，把握作者的思路；在较高深的措辞中，探索作者的隐藏思想及真正的写作意图。常见观点态度题用以考查文章的写作意图和作者主观态度的把握；分析作者对某些细节描述的意图。

常见题型：

What’s the writer’s /author’s attitude towards to wards …?

The writer /author believes(implies, suggests) that ————.

The writer /author seems to agree(think ) that ————.|

The writer / author tries to tell us ————.

The writer’s / author’s tone would be best described as ————.

解题指导：

1．抓住文章和选题中反映态度、语气的关键词，特别是其中的形容词和副词，分清褒贬。

2．利用概括归纳题与主旨大意题的解题技巧，准确把握文章中心思想与段落结构。

3．务必忠实原文，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。

六．综合推理判断题

综合推理判断题是通过文章提供的多处已知信息得出未知结论，或由文章中某一细节或某一描述方式推导出答案的题型。要求学生综合考虑上下文，通过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。

常见题型：

1．直接型：直接提问从文章所提供的信息，我们可以推测出什么，可以了解到什么。这结论往往是文章中没有直接说出来的，但通过全文，我们可以得出相应的结论。

From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ————.

We can infer ( conclude ) from the passage that ————.

Where can you read this passage ?

2．间接型：题目中未要求，但只有综合上下文多处细节才能解决问题。

On the whole, this story is about ————.

What can we learn about Brampton ?

解题指导：

1．抓住关键词句，利用词义和句意理解技巧来弄清其内在含义。

2．利用表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词，准确把握句与句之间的关系。联系各项信息，综合推断结论。

3．辨清总—分、总—分—总、倒证等文章结构关系。

4．特别注意一般信息与最终结论之间的区别，避免以偏概全。

5．排除文中已出现、无需再度推测的事实，以及与文意明显不符的选项。

创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX

创作者：别如克*

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C 1 The Bible begins with the creation of the world. As a consequence（结果标识词，读到此，应该知道后面的主题句了）, in traditional Western thought the world is assumed to have been created by God. （段落中心：上帝创造世界。后面是具体解释了，可以略读）The Earth is associated with whatever is impermanent, imperfect, bodily and sinful. Heaven is the sphere of the permanent, perfect, spiritual and holy.（概念或中心句+具体解释的模式是绝大部分英语论说文的展开模式，关键是中心句的辨认。请关注解释部分里面的情感形容词：perfect, imperfect等，这都是通过对比来突出Heaven） 2 Traditional Chinese thought has no place for the idea of a creation（本句为论点，从上文的西方思想到本段的中国思想，明显是比较）. What exists has always existed and shall always do so（always重复，突出中国思想的特色）.Accordingly （语篇标识词，此句是照应论点句。这种模式：论点+论据+总结照应，也是很常见的）there is no concept of necessary “improvement”or “correction”of the creation through such means as a Last Judgment. 3 Things are as they are simply because that is the way they are（从because可见这是承接上文，具体解释中国思想了，可扫读一下第4段的首句确定）. The natural principle of order, common to all that exists, is called the Way (dao)（新的概念the Way的提出，必然后面要具体解释，这是铁定规律）. The Way is not some sort of law or pattern that God or prophets (先知) forced on what exists. It reveals itself in the

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记叙文类作者：巩穹（I）★★ Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor? A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn't graduate from medical school. D. She couldn't set up her hospital. 3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital? A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years 4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts”in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell except that she ______. A. became the first woman physician B. was the first woman doctor C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. set up the first medical school for women 5. Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______. A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York City 1-5 CAABC （II）★★★ Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer.

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外研版高中英语必修一《阅读理解》专项练习题（含答案） Graham and his friends preferred to shoot up in their arms, necks and legs. A dealer once said Graham was the type who would never be able to turn back and that he expected him to die from the drug. Wendy feared the same, but di dn’t know how to save her son. “ Once, after he’d disappeared for more than a month, I found him at a friend’s house with a bunch of other users,” she said, “I got down on my hands and knees, begging him to come home. He did, but the next morning he was go ne. I don’t know what made him do it, but I drove 20 miles to the nearest train station. Graham was headed for Seattle, his pockets full of drugs. If I hadn’t gotten there in time, I would never have seen him alive again.” The turning point came in 2007, after Graham was arrested yet again for possession. Wendy got a call from the Montana Drugs Project, which works with local law enforcement（强制执行）to keep track of youth-related crimes so it can help families in trouble. Following a counselor’s advice, Wendy hired two men to come to her home in the middle of the night, tie Graham and take him to a treatment program in Thompson Falls, Montana. “I was high when they came and really angry with my mom,” he said, “But if she hadn’t done that, drugs would have killed me.” After six months of treatment, Graham, now 19, came back to Kalispell, where he’s grown close to Wendy once again. “I still have the desires every day and attend support meetings every night,” he said, “But life is worth living again. My mom thinks that’s a miracle. I guess she is right.” 1．The underlined phrase “shoot up” in paragraph 1 probably means_________. A．increase very quickly and suddenly B．put illegal drugs into the body by using a needle C．kill or injure someone by using a gun D．try to achieve a particular aim 2．When the two men came to their home in the middle of the night, Graham _______. A．had just taken drugs and was in the state of excitement. B．was sleeping in a high bed above the ground. C．had just taken drugs and was in the state of suffering. D．was quarrelling with his mother.

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