阅读理解指导第五-2讲

阅读理解解题指导

中考和课标要求：

1．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。

2．能获取文章的具体信息。

3．能理解文章中的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断。

4．能理解归纳文章的主旨要以，能为文章选定合适的题目。

5．能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。

6．能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。

解题指导：

从“课标及中考要求”中可以看出，对阅读能力的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：

细节理解、猜测词义、概括主旨大意和推理判断。

一．细节理解

考查获取具体信息的能力。通常题目设置不会过难，但要注意有时题目的备选项和原文的表达方式不同，但表达的意思相同，解题时需要做句意转换。

(1)

But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea. Taxi drivers don’t like the idea—they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.

No bicycle lanes have been painted yet because_________.

A. the idea isn’t accepted by all.

B. the main streets are n ot wide enough

C. the city government can’t help to paint the lanes.

D.There’s no need for most people to travel by bike.

（2）

For many people the subject of hiccups(嗝) is a joke, but for Harry Mendes，a fifteen-year-old schoolboy from Birmingham, it was something quite different.

His hiccups began one Sunday lunchtime and continued day and night for two weeks. After the first week, Harry’s parents took him to hospital, but it took another week for the doctors too cure his attack.

Harry’s hiccups lasted ______________.

A. A week

B. fourteen days

C. twenty-eight days

D. one month

(3)

In the west some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief has arisen: the idea that the personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, ae considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.

The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain__________.

A.the difference between the 2 blood types.

B. the relationship between the 2 blood types

C. the influence of blood type on one’s behavior

D. the connection between personality and blood type

二．猜测词义

考查根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义的能力。根据上下文推断词义就是根据词所处的具体的语境，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重述、或定义等推测词义，也可以运用逻辑推理和其他知识，如生活经验、普通常识等推测词义。根据构词推测词义就是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。

（1）

Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

Ventilation ----____________________________.

(2)

Photography was certainly a wonderful invention. Photographs can give a very clear idea of places and of people that we have never seen. An encyclopedia (百科全书), for example, is always better when it has good illustrations.

What does the underlined word “illustrations” mean?

A.Inventions

B. Pictures

C. Words

D. Ideas

(3)

Growing kids need sleep, as do people of all ages. Indeed, research shows that health and safety both suffer when we try to get by with too little shuteye. So it’s fortunate that our bodies do such a good job of warning us when it’s time to hit the sack.

The underlined phrase “to hit the sack” means _______________.

A.to eat something

B. to drink something

C. to get up

D. to go to sleep

(4)

When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and work for a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state.

How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?

I wanted to know.

The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably means “__________”

A.give up

B. keep on

C. try out

D. look for

(5)

Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it.

A psychologists is a person who may help you with your ___________.

A.Illness and abilities

B. thoughts and behavior

C. mind and nervous system

D. physical activity and daily exercise

三概括主旨大意：

做主旨大意题时，应关注阅读材料的类型。

1．总分结构类文章：关注点应放在首段也就是总述。找准这一断的关键句，从而判断文章的主旨大意。如：

Mother’s Day and Father’s Day are two big national holidays in many western countries.

And it’s interesting because they are not the same in every country. In England, mothering Sunday is in March. In America and Germany and other countries, it’s one Sunday in May.

Father’s Day is in the middle of June. How do you celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day?

Let’s learn something more about it from the following introduction.

In England, we call Mother’s Day Mothering Sunday, because it’s always on a Sunday. I don’t really know the origin of it but I remember that my mother had a cup of tea early in the morning. And then we would go to church. And at the end of the church service, the children would collect a daffodil(水仙花) and take it back and give it to our mother who would normally be sitting in the service in the church. And really that’s all we did to celebrate the day.

Father’s Day is always in June, a Sunday in the middle of June. On Father’s Day, the idea is to find something fun that the children could do with their father together. I remember going to baseball games. I think that on Father’s Day it’s particularly focused on doing things together because that is supposed to be relaxing and fun for Dad.

What’s the text mainly about?

A．The history of some national holidays. B. The stories of some interesting holidays.

C．How to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.

D. How to understand Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.

2.带黑体字类的文章：醒目的黑体字部分是接下来要讲述内容的提示或概括。如：

When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me”.

This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs(细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch.

If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through.

After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping students realize how to be polite and thank others Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there.

When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.

After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made effort to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.

The passage is mainly about _________.

A.The rules of behavior in public

B. the ways of communication

C. the acts of kindness among people

D. the knowledge of social life

3. 对于篇幅较长，难度较大的文章，可以从概括每段的段落大意入手，将每段的大意汇总后形成一个整体的轮廓。如：

Who hasn’t enjoyed eating peanuts？Did you know that although peanuts look like nuts and taste like nuts, they aren’t nuts at all? They belong to the pea family. So they are called peanuts. The peanut grows flowers above ground, but its “fruit” grows underground. It grows in more countries than most other “nuts”.

The peanut is a native South American plant. Scientists believed that it grew wild in Brazil long ago. They think that for several thousand years the early people of South America made it a part of our diet. These people were nomads who moved on when a natural food could no longer be found in one area. Along the way they probably let fall some peanuts, which got into the ground and grew. This is believed to be the way the plant reached the place where the Incas(印加人) lived. The Incas, from about 1,100 to 1,532, thought highly of peanuts. The peanuts were eaten in several forms and used as sacrificial offerings(祭品) to the Incas Sun god. Later in the 16th century, European soldiers had brought peanuts to other parts in the world, including North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Pacific Island.

Although peanuts were found native in South America, they now have grown in almost every country that has warm weather. India produces the most peanuts. China’s production is next, followed by the United States.

The peanut is special in more ways than one. It can be eaten raw, boiled, roasted, or fried. Hundreds of widely different products have been made from it. Caver, an American scientist, set himself the task of discovering new uses for eating and for many other products.

Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白质) . American use about seven tenths of their protein in the form of the meat. In India, where the poor can’t pay for meat or milk, peanuts meal and peanuts milk have been produced. These have been a great help to the poor.

New products are continually being made from peanuts, among them peanut butter when water is added. The fact is that peanuts are so healthy that they are used by astronauts. The unusual nut that isn’t a nut is one of nature’s most amazing gifts.

What is the purpose of the article?

A.To show that peanuts belong the pea family.

B.To advise us to use more peanut products.

C.To tell us some new uses of peanuts.

D. To let us know more about peanuts.

1.

Which country grows the most tea? The answer is India. It grows three times as much as China. Which country drinks the most tea? It’s neither China nor Japan. It’s Great Britain.

In the wild, tea plants may be 30 feet tall. But a plant grown for market is pruned(修剪).

Pruning keeps the plant only three or four feet tall. This is an easy height for tea picking.

Only the two top leaves and bud of each new shoot are picked. So to make money, tea plantations must be huge.

In general, there are two kinds of tea. Black tea and green tea. Black tea is fermented （发）. In the process, the tea loses nearly of its healthy qualities. Green tea is steamed right after the leaves are picked. Green tea retains its healthy qualities. For example, it may prevent heart disease.

How did we get tea bag? The answer: by accident. Tea merchants used to send samples in tin boxes. This was costly. One merchant thought of a cheaper way. He sent samples in small silk bags. Customers would cut open the bag. They would brew the leaves as usual.

One customer put the bag into a pot. Then he just poured hot water over it. And the tea bag was born.

Shen Nong was the first to drink tea. (Shen was a Chinese emperor.) It was about 2,737B.C. Shen had bad digestion, so he drank several cups of hot water daily. One day something happened. Leaves from a wild tea tree fell into the hot water pot. The next cup was poured. The water was now colored. Shen sipped it. He liked it. He drank it all. Shen was proud of his new drink. He served it to his guests. Word spread. People thought this way. Tea is good enough for the Emperor. So it must be good enough for the people. Tea became the drink of China.

The best title for this passage should be ________.

A.Black Tea

B. Tea Plant

C. About Tea

D. Tea Bag

2.

When I asked my daughter which item she would keep: the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said the phone. Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.

Point1: The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 p.m. and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about?

Point2: The mobile phone means that we are never alone. “The mobile saved my life,”says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance to her rescue.

Point3: The mobile removes our secret. It allows Marketing Manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all around the world at any time of doway to ask where they are, where they are going, and how their last meeting went.

Point4：The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, “We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near-but we didn’t meet for the first two weeks!”

Point5: The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers at the same time on chat lines (at least my daughter does. I wouldn’t know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (if you know any) while they’re space walking. And, win the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access the Internet, the biggest library on earth.

The best title for the passage would be _______.

A.Influence of Phones

B. Kinds of Phones

C. How to Use Phones

D. Advantage of Phones

四．推理判断

做推理判断时，要具有“理解文章中的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断”的能力，还应该具备“根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图”的能力。

1．事实判断

这种推断常常是针对某一个或几个具体细节，属于比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的相关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。如:

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

A.You often play football with your friends after school.

B.Your teacher has got a cold.

C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.

D.The bike in front of your house is lost.

2.逻辑推理

要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度和感觉。如：---Surely this would keep the child busy for hours, he thought.

About half an hour later the boy came to the man and said, “Okay, it’s finished. Can we play now？”

The man was surprised, saying, “That’s impossible. Let’s go and see.” And sure enough, there was the picture of the world; all put together, every piece in its place.

The man said, “That’s amazing! How did you do that?” The boy said, “It was simple. On the back of the page was a picture of a man. When I put the man together, the whole world fell into place.”

What can you infer from this story?

A.Children often make adults mad.

B. Adults know little about children.

C. Sometimes children surprise adults.

D. Adults always care for their children.

3.对作者的意图和态度的推理

要求就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对、还是犹豫不决，对记述或描学的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种判断既要依靠短文的主体思想作为推理的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

Why can you do about stress？First，you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.

From the last sentence we can infer that ________.

A.It’s difficult to change a stressful situation

B.It’s not stressful when a good change takes place

C. A big change will cause another stressful situation

D. A stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort

(2)

The Green Magic Tree House，in India, is the perfect hotel for anybody who likes adventure--- The Ice Hotel is in Jukkasjarvi, a village in Sweden 200 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. Every winter, a team of architects, designers and snow builders build the hotel. This year there are 80 rooms.

Everything is made of ice. The walls, the floors, the ceilings, and even the furniture are made of ice. The bed are made of ice, too, but guests sleep on warm deer skins. Outside it can be -37 ℃, so inside it feels quite comfortable. The hotel has a bar, where guests can drink vodka from glasses made of ice. It’s very popular—because there isn’t much else to do.

To spend a night at Jules Underwater Lodge in Florida, guests need to scuba dive seven meters under the sea.

According to the passage we can infer the Ice Hotel ______.

A.Disappears in August

B. is totally made of ice

C. organizes lots of activities

D. is enlarged every year

(3)

Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad. “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied?” asks Professor Laura Carstensen. In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotion questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people. Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their time running out. Older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.

“People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,”she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses that a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”

We can infer from the passage that older people__________.

A.Would like to have more goodbye kisses than young people

B.Are used to living a hard life because they are kind to others.

C.Express their positive opinions just as some young people do

D.Find it easier to feel happy because they are more realistic

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should make it clear that your choice of sports might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of country-side, but also tons of water. Besides, all kinds of chemicals and a great deal of energy are used to keep its fields in good condition. This causes environmental problems. For example, in the dry areas of Portugal and Spain, golf is often the cause of serious water shortage in some places.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and you purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk very often, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less nervous, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final purpose should be “green gyms”. Compared with traditional health clubs and modern sports centers, they are better choices. Members of green gyms take exercise outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start. And best of all, it’s free.

Which of the following sports is environment-friendly?

A.Swimming in a health club.

B. Playing football on the sports field.

C. Bicycle-riding in the countryside.

D. Playing volleyball in a sports c

Enter.

(C)

Have you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you wondered if perhaps it had been handed to you by mistake? Worse, have you ever given a present and watched your friend look as though she had opened the wrong box? Maybe she responded (回应) with a polite ―Why, thank you,‖ but you knew you had missed the mark．Why do presents sometimes do wrong? And what do your choices (good and bad) tell about your personal qualities（品质）?

Choosing the right gift is an art, I believe．It calls for empathy—the ability to put yourself into someone else’s head and heart．We’re all able to do this; in fact, we’re born with a kind of natural empathy．After the earliest period of childhood, however, it needs to be reinforced (加强) by our parents, teachers, friends．When it isn’t, we’re not able to understand other people’s feelings as sharply．This can show in the gifts we select, and so can many other emotional qualities.

Think back to the presents you’ve given over the past year, the time and effort you put into your selection, how much you spent your thoughts while you were shopping, and your feelings when the receiver opened the package．Keep in mind that what you choose shows your inner world．Of course, you may express yourself differently with different friends, relatives, and other people you know.

We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of

communication．Paying no attention to the tradition won’t make it go away．If you really dislike such a tradition, tell your friends ahead of time.

55．The underlined expression ―you had missed the mark‖ means ―you had failed to ‖.

A. make her feel better

B. keep your friendship

C. receive a present in return

D. get the expected effect

56．In the third paragraph, the writer tells us that .

A. attention should be paid to the receivers’ responses

B. one learns from what he did in the past

C. the choice of gifts shows one’s emotional qualities

D. one should spend more time choosing gifts

57．The best possible title for this passage is ―‖.

A. Ways of Choosing Gifts

B. An Important Tradition

C. Exchanging Presents

D. Message in a Gift

C.

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Wars and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional (精神上的) hurts. Often they appear again in dreams.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a drug, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce or possibly erase(清除) the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body producing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, While others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to drugs that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

"Some memories can ruin(毁坏) people's lives . They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a dream. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could reduce a lot of that suffering."

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

"All of us can think of bad experiences in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to erase those memories, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

55. Now American researchers are trying to develop a drug to ___________.

A. change people’s bad memories into good ones

B. make people forget what happened in the past

C. help soldiers get away from troubling memories

D. treat people who suffer from terrible memories

56. The drug that have been tested on people can__________.

A. cause the brain to lose memories

B. reduce the effect of bad memories

C. help people improve their memories

D. totally erase the painful memories

57. Rebecca Dresser thinks that _____________ .

A. some memories can ruin people's lives.

B. the drugl can prevent people from sufferings

C. bad memories make us different from others

D. taking the drug will do harm to people's health

一、单项选择：（1X13）

22. Good morning, class. Today ____ are going to learn a new unit, Unit 12.

A. we

B. us

C. our

D. ours

23. Winter holidays will begin _____ January 17.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. for

24. I work harder at my lessons this year _____ I have made good progress.

A. but

B. or

C. and

D. for

25. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _____ in two days?

A. another

B. the other

C. the rest

D. the others

26. —_____were you born, Peter?

—I was born in 1998.

A. What

B. Where

C. When

D. Why

27. Although she added salt, it still wasn’t _______________.

A. enough salt

B. salt enough

C. enough salty

D. salty enough

28. I went to Sanya with my family this summer and all of us _____ a good trip.

A. have

B. are having

C. will have

D. had

29. We _____ more than 1,200 English words already, do you know?

A. learn

B. will learn

C. have learned

D. are learning

30. _____ you tell me how to use this digital dictionary?

A. May

B. Must

C. Can

D. Need

31. Although they were tired, they still went on _____.

A. working

B. to work

C. work

D. worked

32. The teacher told us _____ to the recorder and read the dialogue three times.

A. listen

B. listened

C. listening

D. to listen

33. —Wow! Your school is so beautiful!

—Thank you! It _____ last year.

A. build

B. built

C. is built

D. was built

34. I don’t know _____ yesterday.

A. when he will leave

B. when will he leave

C. when he left

D. when did he leave

二、完形填空：（1x10）

I was 15 months old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I fell. It was a bad fall. I __35__ on a piece of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, my ugly, sightless, cloudy grey eye lived on __36__ me.

Sometimes people asked me embarrassing (使人难堪的) questions. Whenever the kids played __37__, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone looked down on me.

Yet mum would say to me, "Hold your head up high and face the world." I began to depend on that __38__.

As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful, or you will fall down or run into something __39__ because you are not looking." As a teenager, I usually looked down to __40__ my shame. But I found that when I held my head up high, people liked me.

In high school I even became the __41__, but on the inside I still felt like a monster. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would __42__ to my mum and she would look at me with loving eyes and say, ―Hold your head up high and face the world. Let them see the beauty that is __43__ instead of your appearance (外貌).‖ My mum's love was the __44__ that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be __45__ but also to have deep compassion (同情) for others.

―Hold your head up high‖ has been heard many tim es in my home. I tell __46__ to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on.

35. A. stood B. landed C. found D. worked

36. A. for B. like C. by D. with

37. A. games B. jokes C. toys D. sports

38. A. glass B. topic C. reply D. saying

39. A. immediately B. accidentally C. continuously D. expectedly

40. A. show B. meet C. behave D. hide

41. A. president B. teacher C. teenager D. adult

42. A. write B. add C. cry D. face

43. A. beside B. outside C. inside D. alongside

44. A. suggestion B. experience C. sunshine D. introduction

45. A. confident B. unusual C. similar D. ordinary

46. A. it B. them C. that D. those

三、阅读理解：（2x14）

C

All over the planet, they are disappearing. Scientists are worried. It may mean the end of the world. I’m not talking about disappearing frogs. I’m talking about absent vowels (元音). I got a message the other day that said, ―Mt @ 3 rd st crnr @ 12‖, signed (签字) ―BT‖. What did it mean?

A young man in the office told me that BT meant ―beauty‖ and translated: ―A beautiful young woman wants to meet you at the corner of Third Street at noon.‖

The following week I was at a private dining club when a Hong Kong banker named David told me he had met with a man who pronounced his name Choong, but spelt C-H-N-G. ―There can’t be many names with no vowels in them,‖ he said. It turned out he was sitting next to a Singaporean

doctor named Ng.

V owels are disappearing at high speed among businesses, too. Ever wondered what happened to Reebok, the sportswear company? It’s still around but has renamed itself Rbk. Kentucky Fried

Chicken became KFC.

I’ve read articles saying that the no-vowels trend (趋向) is caused by companies trying to give their products the shorthand spelling liked by young people. But a research finds that the real reason is often more uninteresting. Flickr, one of the busiest websites on the Internet, was set up by people who wanted the name Flicker but were too careless to register (注册) that word.

Have any readers ever been to a small town in the mountains of California called Zzyzx? A man named Curtis Howe Springer founded it as a health club and called it Zzyzx because he thought it sounded different. The business failed. People who looked through lists for somewhere to go never reached it.

Older readers may remember the computer game Zzyzzyxx that appeared in 1982. Fans did not know how to ask for it. James Gleick’s book Faster has been re-titled FSTR. But the revision is half-hearted with the main text of the book still having vowels. Why not write the whole book in the simpler way? U cn stll rd ths wtht vwls. On the other hand, just know that vowel–free words can be explained in different ways. One day I’ll get a message from a BT who may be a beauty. But I’m afraid a ba t (蝙蝠) will be out there.

53. The word ―around‖ in the third paragraph means ______.

A. on every side

B. here and there

C. present in a place

D. without special purposes

54. What’s the result of the use of vowel-free words, according to the passage?

A. It makes communication easier.

B. It helps us write more quickly.

C. It brings a lot of fun to people.

D. It causes some trouble in life.

55. What does the writer think of the use of vowel-free words?

A. He doubts the idea a little.

B. He d oesn’t mind the matter.

C. He doesn’t think it’s good to do so.

D. He accepts the idea at last.

D

Do you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? Normally the women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must he more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference is brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain is made up of ―grey matter‖ and ―white matter‖. While men have more of the white matter, the amount of ―thinking‖ brain is almost the same in both men and women.

It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls may learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of different information at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.

There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial (空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. ―A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,‖ says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries, why men refuse to ask directions---and

women often need to!

The differences begin when fetuses (胎儿) are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are very young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would ask for help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.

56. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?

A.Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.

B.Men’s brain is 10% less than women’s.

C.Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.

D.Men and women have the same amount of white matter.

57, What can you infer from Paragraphs 2 and 3?

A. Men have weaker spatial abilities.

B. Women do not need to tell directions.

C. Women prefer doing many things at a time.

D. Women do many jobs at a time better than men.

58. What can you learn from Paragraph 4?

A. Our children needed more spatial skills.

B. Women may have more feelings than men.

C. Young boys may be stronger than young girls.

D. More women take up jobs requiring speech skills.

59. The passage is mainly about _________.

A. ways of being more intelligent

B. differences between men and women

C. studies on brains between two sexes

D. studies on white matter and grey matter

四．阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳选项填入空白处：（2x4）

The bicycle is one of the simplest yet most useful inventions in the world. What is the most surprising is that it was not invented easily, although the great inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn pictures for bicycles and flying machines and some other things. (60)_______________.

(61)_______________, and there is no pollution at all. Even so, in most developed countries most people don’t go to work by bicycle. It is not because the bicycles are expensive or people feel tired if they ride to work. It’s because the number of cars on the roads becomes larger.

(62)_______________. As a result, more people put their bicycles away and go to work in their

五．阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题：（2x5）

As everyone knows, the law in most countries nowadays demands (要求) that all children receive an education. However, do you know that a number of parents make special arrangements to educate their children at home? This happens mainly to the children who have serious health problems or learning difficulties, or are especially gifted (有天赋的).

Whatever the reason, there are certainly some advantages of educating children at home. First, they can learn at their own speed, spending more time on the subjects which they find difficult. Second, it is easier for them to pay attention since they don’t have the distraction (分心) of noisy classmates. Finally, they learn more in a one-to-one situation, as they get the full attention of the teacher.

On the other hand, learning at home is not without drawbacks. For one thing, children who do not go to school lack (缺乏) experience of making friends with other children. As a result, they do not learn the social skills needed in later life. Moreover, they are less motivated (激励) to work hard, because they have no one to compare their progress with and to compete against.

All things considered, I believe children should go to school. Education is not only a matter of learning facts —children also need to learn how to get along with others, and to develop their personalities. I feel they can only do this by mixing with other children in a school environment. 64. Do all children receive an education at school nowadays?

65. What kinds of children do parents educate at home?

66. How many advantages of educating children at home are mentioned?

67. How do children learn social skills at school?

68. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage?

七．文段表达: (15分)

写作: 根据中英文提示，写一篇意思连贯，符合逻辑的英文短文。不少于50字。

74.学校要举行“My dream job in the future”主题演讲比赛，要求大家以此为题，写一篇演

讲稿。内容包括：你的梦想职业，你的理由和所做的努力。

1.What’s your dream job ?

2.Why do you choose the job?

3.What will you do to make your dream come true?

hobby, favourite, free time, work hard, try to do, come true

My dream job in the future

__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

小升初数学 衔接讲与练 第二讲 数轴

第二讲 数轴、相反数与倒数 【学习目标】 1、掌握数轴，相反数，倒数的概念并会灵活运用，能熟练地画数轴。 2、通过归纳相反数在数轴上所表示的点的特征，培养归纳能力； 3、体验数形结合的思想。 【知识要点】 1、数轴：规定了原点、正方向和单位长度的直线叫数轴。原点，正方向和单位长度是数轴的三要素，缺一不可。 2、数轴的画法：①画一条直线。②在直线上选取一点为原点，并用这点表示零。③确定正方向，用箭头表示出来。④选取适当的长度为单位长度，从原点向右，每隔一个单位长度取一点，依次表示为1,2,3，…；从原点向左，每隔一个单位长度取一点，依次表示为-1，-2，-3，… 3、数轴上的点与有理数的关系：所有的点都可以用数轴上的点表示；反过来，不能说数轴上的点都表示有理数。正有理数可以用原点右边的点表示，负有理数可以用原点左边的点表示，零用原点表示。 4、利用数轴比较有理数的大小：在数轴上表示的两个数，右边的数总比左边的数大；正数都大于0，负数都小于0,；正数大于一切负数。 5、相反数 从代数角度看，只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数. 从几何角度看，在数轴上的原点两旁，离开原点距离相等的两个点所表示的两个数称为 相反数． 6、判断互为相反数的两种方法： ①从式子上看，若0a b +=，则a b 与互为相反数；②从直观上看a a -与是互为相反数。 7、倒数：乘积为1的两个有理数互为倒数。 注意：正数的倒数是正数，负数的倒数是负数，0没有倒数，整数的倒数是分数。 【经典例题】 例1、如下图所示，数轴中正确的是（ ） 例2、把下列各数在数轴上表示出来，并且从小到大用“＜”连接起来： －2，13 2，0，14 -，1，142-，1 52。 B －1 0 1 A C D

四川省大学英语二级阅读题

Passage 1 The origins of April Fools’ Day, sometimes called All Fools’ Day, are uncertain. Some see it as a celebration related to the turn of the seasons, while others believe it stems from the application of a new calendar. Ancient cultures celebrated New Year’s Day on or around April 1. In medieval times (中世纪) much of Europe celebrated March 25ch 25 as the beginning of the new year. In 1582, Pope (罗马教皇) Gregory XIII ordered a new calendar to replace the old Julian Calendar. The new calendar called for New Year’s Day to be celebrated on January 1. That year, France accepted the reformed calendar and shifted New Year’s day to Jan. 1. According to a popular explanation, many people either refused to accept the new date, o r did not learn about it, and continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on April 1. Other people began to make fun of these traditionalists, sending them on “fool’s errands” or trying to trick them into believing something false. Eventually, the practice spread throughout Europe. There are at least two difficulties with this explanation. The first is that it doesn’t fully explain why other European countries also observe April Fools’ Day. The Gregorian calendar was not applied by England until 1752, for example, but April Fools’ Day was already well established there by that point. The second is that we have no direct historical evidence for this explanation, only conjecture (猜测) which appears to have been made more recently. 1.Which of the following statem ents about April Fools’ Day is TRUE? A)It was observed by all the fools. B)It is observed in many countries. C)People have been sure about its origin. D)It is a legal holiday throughout the world. 2.According to the passage, New Year’s Day was celebra ted______. A)on or around April 1 in ancient cultures before 1582 B)on March 25 in Rome and India in ancient times C)on January 1. by all the people in France in 1582 D)on January 1. by people in England well after1752 3.In the fourth paragraph, the p hrase “fool’s errands” means ______ . A)fruitful tasks B)fruitless tasks C)simple tasks D)difficult tasks 4.Those who continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on April 1 in France after 1582 _____. A)were forced to accept the reformed calendar B)began to make fun of those traditionalists C)refused to be sent on “fool’s errands” that day D)were likely to be made fun of by others that day 5.Which of the following does not go against the belief that April Fools’ Day stems from the application of a new calendar? ______ A)Many people in France did not accept or learn about the change of New Year’s day then.

高中英语阅读理解专项练习二(含答案)

A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services

二级阅读专项复习题及答案

专项部分阅读 （一）秋天 秋天到了，菊花开了。有红的，有黄的，有紫的，还有白的，美丽极了！ 秋天到了，果子熟了。黄澄澄的梨，红通通的苹果，亮晶晶的葡萄。一阵凉风吹来，果儿点头，散发出香味儿。 1.短文有个自然段。第自然段写秋天到了，菊花开了。第自然段写秋天到了，果子熟了。K b1. Co m 2.填上合适的词。 （）的菊花（）的苹果 （）的梨（）的果子 （）的葡萄（）的香味 3.把文中表示颜色的词语写下来。 （二） 在我们村旁的山坡上，到处是果林。在阳光下，那熟透的柿子像一盏盏红灯笼挂在枝头。满树的红苹果像孩子们的一张张笑脸。葡萄架下，挂着一大串一大串的葡萄，有红的，有白的，有紫的，还有绿的……一阵凉风吹来，满树的果儿点着头，散发出甜甜的香味。 1.这段话共有句。 2. 像灯笼。

像孩子的笑脸。 葡萄的颜色有，有，有，还有。 我会写出比文中更美的句子。 像。 有有，有，还有。 4.一盏盏一张张一串串 5.多美的秋天呀！你还能写出两个描写秋天的词语吗？ （三） 夏夜，静悄悄的。花儿睡了，小草睡了，树木睡了。 水池里，睡莲花闭（bì）上了美丽的眼睛。绿绿的叶子上，停着一只蜻（qīnɡ）蜓（tínɡ），像一架小飞机停在机场上。 池边的草地上，青蛙呱呱地唱歌，蟋（xī）蟀（shuài）在弹琴。 天上，月亮婆婆笑弯了眉，星星眨着调皮的眼睛。风儿轻轻地吹着。 萤火虫提着小灯笼，在空中飞呀，飞呀，一闪一闪…… 夏天的夜晚多美啊！ 1.这篇短文共有（）个自然段，请标上序号。

2.文中出现的动物有（）.（）.（）.（）。 3.用“--------”画出写“天上”的句子。 4.画“”的这句话中，小飞机指_________，机场指_________。 （四）选择四季 如果让我选择四季，我一定选择春天。新课标第一网 春天是绿色的世界，绿茵茵的杨柳在微风中轻轻飘荡。嫩绿的小草给大地铺上了地毯。 春天是花朵的海洋，雪白的杏花.红红的桃花.美丽的蔷薇花都开了。 春天又是动物们的乐园，燕子和大雁回来了，蜜蜂和蝴蝶在姹紫嫣红的百花丛中飞来飞去，忙着采蜜和传播花粉。 春天真美丽！我爱春天！ 1.用文中的语句填空。 我爱春天，因为春天是，春天是，春天又是。春天真！ 2.词语仓库。 姹紫嫣红：形容各种好看的花。 你还知道哪些描写花好看的词语吗？至少写4个。 （五）春天

英语阅读理解(二)

6 It’s important to learn about protecting our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us: 1. Reduce If you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely (明智地). A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throw it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste. 2.Reuse You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which too small to the poor. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters. 3.Recycle Bottles, cans (罐子) and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat (压平) and melted (融化) and the metal things are made for new coke cans. 4.Recover When you buy a box of apples, there may be few rotten (腐烂的) apples, you have two choices: one is to throw the whole apples away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and use the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food. 5.Repair If one of the begs of your table is broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a “throw-away”society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best. 1.The “Reduce”rule mainly requires (要求) us _______. A. to use things wisely B. to cut down many trees C. to use a lot of paper D. to throw away your old clothes 2.What’s the right order (顺序) of recycling coke cans? a. collect the used cans b. melt them c. smash them flat d. send them to a factory A. a b c d B. a d c b C. d b c a D. c a b d 3.The “Recover”rule mainly requires us _______. A. to throw waste things away B. to cover waste things with earth C. to get back the useful parts D. to throw the whole things away 5.Which is the best way to do with your broken tables? A. Throwing them away. B. Requiring them. C. Selling them. D. Putting them away. 7 To: President Bush, the White House From: Saddam Hussein, in Baghdad Dear President Bush, Well, you sure ruined (毁掉) my birthday…. OK, you won, and your prize is Iraq. Are you

学生阅读第二讲 练习

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