逆向物流中英文资料外文翻译文献

逆向物流中英文资料外文翻译文献

逆向物流中英文资料外文翻译文献

逆向物流回收:客户服务决定因素

一、引言

逆向物流是一个连续的物流过程，通过这一过程，产品从消费者转移到生产者为可能的再利用，回收，再制造或处置（约翰逊，1998）。欧洲逆向物流工作组（REVLOG，2002）描述为“逆向物流过程的计划、实施和控制原材料的流动、在制品库存、成品，从制造、分销或使用点对点的合理处置”。逆向物流的目的是重新恢复材料的价值或妥善处置提供了手段。与逆向物流相反,正向物流专注于从生产者到消费者的货物的流动。

马尔兹和玛兹（1998）提出，正向物流渠道的客户服务是一个多层面的概念，可以包含任何客观的或感性的元素。目标元素对应于基本的客户服务（或硬服务），如库存的可用性，准时交货和订单周期时间可靠性。感知元件（或软服务）是与供应商的反应能力，以应对特定的客户要求，如售后服务和有效处理信息要求。一些学者认识到，客户服务是物流研究和实践中关注的中心问题。逆向物流回收系统开始与消费者完成终端市场。这些系统可以是更多或更少的复杂取决于他们是否具有中间水平，如收集水平，传输水平和处理水平。

消费者在这一逆向物流系统中起着特别重要的作用，因为它们是整个物流链中的第一个环节。没有消费者的参与（通过对可回收材料的分类和处理），该系统将是不可能的。通过提供一个方便的系统，客户服务成为为消费者创造价值的试金石，以及在确保他们参与。

正如最近指出的，大多数的逆向物流领域的研究基本上是描述性的，而不是基于主观的证据，也不是理论基础（吉尔阿尔瓦雷斯等人，2007）。在回收的逆向物流系统，一个缺口仍然是开放的客户服务的主要内容，解释消费者参与选择性收集计划的全面调查。这一分析将提供最重要的客户服务的要素，因此，需要更多的关注和投资的基本信息。

二、逆向物流回收的背景

回收利用是一个资源回收选项，使部分或全部退货材料的使用，通过他们的原始生产者（S）或其他行业（REVLOG，2002）。回收过程基本上包括2个阶段。首先是收集服务阶段，包括所有必要的程序，使可能的进一步处理回收。二是从原材料的收集到原材料的再加工阶段。

一些研究表明，解决回收网络组织的重点在公共网络上，而其他人则描述私人系统。

在第一种情况下，环境问题和垃圾处理立法是逆向物流的主要动因。与这个观念相反是私人的逆向物流网络处理残留或报废的产品，回收经济上更具吸引力。私人处理器资助这些材料的运输以及回收过程本身。因为回收在经济上是可行的，大量的废弃产品（或零件）需要处理。

回收的逆向物流文献还探讨了回收活动的规划和控制（即关于收集，拆卸和处理，以及多少数量，如何，何时何地），可用的信息和通信系统（例如，软件，数据要求），回收的后勤影响，以及实施方案，以增加可回收材料的需求。

三、方法

3.1设置

绿点社会（GDS）是一家民营企业，创建于1997的目标管理综合回收系统包装废弃物管理。目前，GDS是发展这类活动在葡萄牙唯一的公司。GDS基本上是一个逆向物流的聚合与由三控股，代表近200家公司的股东结构。第一次举行的代表包装/进口商，其次是分销和零售贸易，和第三个代表的制造商和包装材料的回收。与国家法律的规定，GDS 的目的是恢复整体包装重量的60%和2011年底回收55%的这种材料。可回收的材料包括玻璃，纸/纸板，轻包装（塑料，金属）和木材。除了这最后一种类型的材料，脱落的系统，通常被称为生态点，允许收集的包装残留物。

在其他欧洲国家的目标管理综合回收系统依赖于共同的环境责任原则。包装和公司财务制度，根据污染者付费原则中的数量和相应的包装材料的重量，俗称绿斑值，调节费必须支付。反过来，包装和进口商收到许可用绿色点标志包装，这表明这些公司将回收责任GDS和目标管理综合回收系统。分配的角色，确保他们的商业范围只卖不可重复使用的包装，通过集成系统。GDS的业务结构不包括直辖市，虽然他们有责任通过合同协议的多材料的收集和整理家庭包装残留。

消费者应该在生态环境中分离和处理他们的包装废弃物。包装制造商通过确保收集家庭包装回收完成循环。GDS的总体任务是逆向供应链管理，财务，保证整个系统的运作。该公司投资的一个主要部分，其年度总收入，以弥补城市带来的额外费用的多材料收集和排序。GDS还分合同运输服务处理包装残留物的回收公司和确保他们接收、储存和回收利用回收材料。

3.2问卷

这项研究结果的数据，来自2006年四月份五月份在结构化的问卷基础上进行的个人访谈。问卷设计考虑了一个广泛的对回收行为的科学审查，对关键要素的访谈GDS在其他欧洲国家进行管理和基准研究（西班牙，意大利，比利时）。问卷包括三个部分。第一节进行了社会经济的调查人口学特征：性别，年龄，学历，婚姻状况，职业，居住类型，房屋所有权和家庭月收入。第2节涉及到11元（包括在早期的研究）中的逆向物流系统特征的客户服务回收：处置收件人（1）位置，垃圾收集（2）频率（3）可至处置收件人，（4）数处置收件人，（5）清洁和维护处置收件人，（6）当地的安全，（7）排空规律，（8）提供的信息，（9）支持和索赔服务，（10）系统是否足够的生活方式，和（11）号的合适的废物原料和类型。一个李克特五点量表评估这些因素，从1 - 很不满意5 - 非常满意。第3节看消费者参与回收计划，并考虑两个问题。第一项措施，自我报告的家庭回收行为（规模：1 - 分离并有选择地丢弃可回收垃圾，0 - 不分离，并有选择地丢弃可回收垃圾）。第二评项估可回收材料的分离和处理的生态点的频率（比例：1 - 从来没有，2 - 有时，3 - 永远）。

3.3样本和数据

研究人群包括生活在法鲁市成人葡萄牙公民。法鲁是阿尔加维的首都，位于葡萄牙南部，包括六个教区,总人口有58 350居民，其最重要的经济活动是旅游业和服务业。从这一人群中，本研究选取了一个随机抽样的267名公民。样本的计算使用的最保守的估计为一个单一的比例（p= 0.5），置信水平为95%和最大误差为6%。本研究采用分层抽样和访谈分布根据教区是常住人口的比例。在每个教区最重要的购物街被选作地点来进行面试。学院学生管理的问卷调查的受访者在这些街道上，与随机选择的受访者，根据一个系统的过程。一份调查问卷被送到第一人称（14岁以上），在一个限定的时间内通过面试官。然后，建立了一个采样间隔5人，以选择其余的受访者，因此，以填补样本阶层定义为每个教区。

3.4数据分析方法

本研究主要采用多元数据分析：探索性因子分析（EFA），验证性因素分析（CFA）和判别分析（DA）。

四、讨论和结论

消费者是一个逆向物流链中最重要、最重要的环节，目的在于回收家用包装物。事

实上，没有消费者的参与和持续合作，这个系统不可能存在。本文探讨了消费者参与的动机的重要性确保可回收的材料可用于回收产业目标管理综合回收系统。通过使用多元统计方法相结合，这项研究表明，提供消费者的便利，以获得更大的参与回收逆向物流系统的重要性。

这项研究还观察到客户服务水平，考虑到它们的相对在促进消费者参与的重要性：硬的水平是相对较软的水平。这一发现也有管理的影响，因为它有助于优先考虑整体的物流需求对于一个更有效的选择性收集系统。虽然回收葡萄牙逆向物流系统的整体组织和性能需要整体改善重要的优先级我们定义的生态点的位置更容易和更方便的人口访问。在这方面，重点应转如可用的支持和索赔服务，更多的回收意识活动，和一般的处理条件向方面（清洁，维护，安全等）。

带有集中处理设施的逆向物流系统（以生态点为例在葡萄牙）更不方便，因为消费者必须下降点运输和存款可回收材料。然而，这些系统也比路边的替代较昂贵的。在路边的方案，是集送货上门，这增加了便利的同时也收集成本和最终系统的整体成本。一个不太昂贵的收集选择是保持生态点并投资于更方便的地点。然而，考虑到硬的客户服务水平的相对重要性为消费者参与的主要因素，提供路边收集的可能性，至少是暂时的，在几个直辖市应考虑。正如这项研究表明，缩短了距离，消费者必须前往到达收集点是最好的方式，以获得更大的参与。对所收集的材料的数量和质量的提高可以弥补路边收集额外征收费用。这是一方面，显然值得进一步调查。

总的来说，这项研究阐明了需要解决所有的客户服务元素。重要限制，但是，是一个事实，样本是小的，从一个单一的城市，作为一个结果，推广的结论需要额外的研究。此外，改善客户服务带来的挑战，其克服需要额外的研究。管理系统的实体必须增加消费者的参与度，而不需要增加消费者的参与度损害系统的经济可行性。因此，一个重要的挑战，这样的反向物流系统需要克服的是要找到最好的方法，使战略成本降到最低收集系统不影响消费者的服务性能。另一个挑战，出现在回收的逆向物流系统是保证市场吸收回收的材料。收集的包装残留物的质量影响系统的性能，因为大多数弄脏材料要么不能再回收，要么会导致返工成本的增加。在这个意义上，应给予更多的支持，以促进新产品的开发利用回收的材料，也是营销活动，目的是提高消费者使用这种材料时的意识。

本文摘译自“国际商业杂志科学和应用管理，2009年4卷1期”

Reverse logistics for recycling: The customer service

Determinants

1 INTRODUCTION

Reverse logistics is the continuous logistic process through which shipped products move from the consumer back to the producer for possible reuse, recycling, remanufacturing or disposal (Johnson, 1998). The European Working Group on Reverse Logistics (RevLog, 2002)describ es reverse logistics as “the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flows of raw materials, in process inventory, and finished goods, from a manufacturing, distribution or usage point to a point of proper disposal”. The purpose of a reverse logistics process is to regain the value of returned materials or provide the means for proper disposal. Forward logistics, in contrast to reverse logistics, focuses on the flow of goods from the producer to the consumer.

As Maltz and Maltz (1998)propose,customer service in the forward logistics channels is a multifaceted concept that can encompass either objective or perceptual elements. Objective elements correspond to basic customer service (or hard service) such as inventory availability, on time delivery and order cycle time reliability. Perceptual elements (or soft service) are those related to the suppliers’ ability to respond to specific customer requests such as after-sale service and effective handling of information requests. Several authors recognize that customer service is an issue of central concern in logistics research and practice .

Reverse logistics systems for recycling begin with the consumer and finishes with the end market. These systems can be more or less complex depending on whether they possess intermediate levels, such as, the collection level, the transfer level and the processing level. Consumers have a particularly important role in this reverse logistics system since they are the first link in the overall logistics chain. Without consumer participation (through the sorting and disposing of recyclable materials), this system would not be possible. By providing a convenient system, customer service becomes the touchstone in creating value for consumers as well as in securing their participation (Turner et al., 1994).

As recently pointed out, most research in the reverse logistics field is essentially descriptive and based on subjective evidence rather than on theoretical bases (Alvarez-Gil et al., 2007). In terms of the reverse logistics systems for recycling, one gap that remains open is the comprehensive investigation of the main elements of customer service that explain the

consumer involvement in selective-collection programs. This analysis would provide fundamental information about the most important customer service elements and, thus, that require more attention and investment.

2 BACKGROUND ON REVERSE LOGISTICS FOR RECYCLING

Recycling is a resources recovery option that enables the use of part or all materials from returned goods, either by their original producer(s) or by other industries (RevLog, 2002). The recycling process essentially encompasses two stages. The first is the collection service stage and includes all the necessary procedures that make recyclables possible for further reprocessing. The second is the reprocessing stage from the collection of materials to the replacement of primary raw materials.

Some of the studies that address the organization of recycling networks focus on public networks, while others describe private systems. In the first case,environmental concerns and waste disposal legislation are the main motivations underlying reverse logistics. Contrary to this notion are private reverse logistics networks that handle residues or end-of-life products in which recycling is economically more attractive. Private processors finance the transportation of these materials as well as the recycling process itself. For recycling to be economically viable, a significant amount of discarded products (or parts) need to be processed.

The reverse logistics literature for recycling also explores the planning and control of recovery activities (i.e., the decisions about what to collect, disassemble and process, and in what quantities, how, when and where), the available information and communication systems (e.g., software, data requirements), the logistical implications of recycling, and the implementation of programs to increase the demand of recyclable materials.

3METHODS

3.1 Setting

The Green Dot Society (GDS) is a private company, created in 1997 with the purpose of managing the Integrated Recovery System of Packaging Waste Management . Currently, GDS is the only company that develops this type of activity in Portugal. GDS is essentially a reverse logistics aggregator with a shareholder structure composed of three holdings that represent almost 200 companies. The first holding represents the packagers/importers, the second represents the distribution and retail trade, and the third represents the manufacturers and recyclers of packaging material. In compliance with national legislation, GDS aims to recover

60% of the overall packaging weight and recycle 55% of this material by the end of 2011. Recyclable materials include glass, paper/cardboard, lightweight packaging (plastic, metal) and wood. With the exception of this last type of material, drop-off systems, often referred to as eco-points, allows for the collection of packaging residues.

As in other European countries, the IRSPWM relies on the principle of shared environmental responsibility. Packers and importers finance the system, based on the polluter-pays principle in which the amount and weight of the corresponding packaging material, commonly known as the green spot value, regulates the fee they must pay. In turn, packers and importers receive permission to mark their packaging with the Green Spot symbol, which shows that these companies transfer their recovery responsibility to GDS and the IRSPWM. The distribution role ensures that their commercial confines only sell non-reusable packaging through the Integrated System. The GDS’s business structure does not include municipalities though they are responsible through contract agreement for the multi-material collection and sorting of household packaging residues.

Consumers should necessarily separate and dispose of their packaging waste at the eco-point. The packaging manufacturers complete the cycle by securing the recycling of collected household packaging. The GDS’s overall mission is to manage the reverse supply chain, finance and guarantee the functioning of the entire system. This corporation invests a major part of its annual overall income to compensate for the additional costs that municipalities incur with multi-material collection and sorting. GDS also sub-contracts transportation services that handle packaging residues for recycling companies and ensures that they receive, store and recycle recovered material.

3.2 Questionnaire

Data of this research result from personal interviews performed in April and May of 2006 based on a structured questionnaire . The questionnaire design took into account an extensive review of scientific on recycling behavior, interviews on key elements of GDS management and benchmark studies carried out in other European countries (Spain, Italy and Belgium). The questionnaire encompasses three sections. Section 1 conducts an inquiry of the socio-demographic characteristics: gender, age, educational qualification, marital status, occupation, residence type, home ownership and family monthly income. Section 2 involves eleven elements (included in the earlier study) characterizing customer service in the reverse logistics system for recycling: (1) location of disposal recipients, (2) frequency of waste

collection, (3) distance to the disposal recipients, (4) number of disposal recipients, (5) cleaning and maintenance of disposal recipients, (6) local safety, (7) emptying regularity, (8) available information, (9) support and claim service, (10) system adequacy to lifestyle, and (11) number and type of suitable waste materials. A Likert five-point scale assesses these elements, ranging from 1–very unsatisfied to 5–very satisfied. Section 3 looks to measure consumer involvement in the recycling program and considers two questions. The first measures the self-reported household recycling behavior (scale: 1 –separates and selectively discards recyclable waste, 0–does not separates and selectively discards recyclable waste). The second evaluates the frequency of separation and disposal of recyclable materials at the eco-points (scale: 1–never, 2–sometimes, 3–always).

3.3 Sample and data

The study population encompassed the adult Portuguese citizens living in Faro city. Faro is the capital of Algarve, located in the southern Portugal, comprehending six parishes. Faro has a total population of 58 350 inhabitants and its most important economic activities are tourism and services. From this population, the study selected a random sample of 267 citizens. The calculation of the sample used the most conservative estimate for a single proportion ( p = 0.5), a confidence level of 95% and a maximum error of 6%. The study used stratified sampling and the distribution of the interviews according to parishes was proportional to the resident population. In each parish the most important shopping street was selected as the location to perform the interviews. College students administered the questionnaires to respondents in those streets, with respondents chosen at random, according to a systematic procedure. A questionnaire was delivered to the first person (older than 14) passing near the interviewer at a defined hour. Then, a sampling interval of 5 people was established in order to select the remaining respondents and, thus, to fill the sample stratum defined to each parish. 3.4Data analysis methods

This study uses the following methods of multivariate data analysis: exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and discriminant analysis (DA).

4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Consumers are the foremost and decisive link in a reverse logistics chain that aims to recycle household packaging residues. In fact, without consumers’involvement and continuous collaboration, this system cannot exist. This article explores the importance of consumer motivation to participate in the IRSPWM by ensuring that the recyclable materials are

available for the recycling industries. By using a combination of multivariate statistical methods, this study shows the importance of providing consumer convenience in order to gain greater involvement in reverse logistics systems for recycling.

The study also observes the customer service levels by taking into account their relative importance in fostering consumer involvement: the hard level is relatively more important than the soft level. This finding also has managerial implications since it helps prioritize the overall logistics needs for a more effective selective-collection system. Although the overall organization and performance of the Portuguese reverse logistics system for recycling requires global improvement, an important priority us defining the location of the eco-points in terms of easier and more convenient population access. In establishing this, focus should turn to aspects such as available support and claim service, more recycling awareness campaigns, and general disposal conditions (cleaning, maintenance, safety, etc).

Reverse logistics systems with centralized the disposal facilities (as is the case with the eco-points in Portugal) are more inconvenient because consumers must transport and deposit recyclable materials at drop-off points. However, these systems are also less expensive than the curbside alternative. In curbside schemes, collection is door-to-door, which increases convenience but also collection costs and ultimately the overall cost of the system. A less expensive collection option is to maintain eco-points and invest in more convenient locations. However, considering the relative importance of the hard customer service level as the main determinant of consumer involvement, the possibility of providing curbside collection, at least temporarily and in a few municipalities, should be considered. As this study shows, shortening the distance that consumers have to travel to reach the collection points is the best way to obtain greater involvement. The improvement of the quality and quantity of the collected materials may compensate the additional collection costs of curbside collection. This is as aspect that clearly deserves further investigation.

On the whole, this study clarifies the need to address all customer service elements. An important limitation, however, is the fact that the sample is small and drawn from a single city and, as a consequence, the generalization of the conclusions needs additional research. Furthermore, the improvement of customer service brings challenges whose overcoming requires additional research. Entities that manage the system must weight the need of increasing consumers’ involvement without compromising the system’s economic viability. Therefore, an important challenge that such a reverse logistics system needs to overcome is to find the best way to minimize the strategic costs of the collection system without affecting consumer service performance. Another challenge that arises in the reverse logistics systems

for recycling is to guarantee that the market absorbs the recycled materials. The quality of collected packaging residues affects the performance of the system because most soiled materials either cannot be further recycled or may lead to increased reprocessing costs. In this sense, additional support should be given to research that promotes the development of new products using recycled materials and also marketing campaigns that aim to increase consumer awareness in using such materials.

物流外文文献翻译(DOC)

外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . " Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance. Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company. According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.

企业物流外包外文翻译文献

企业物流外包外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 物流外包——确保一个组织竞争优势的一种手段 摘要 物流方式表明将交付供应链中的独立单位整合成一个统一的系统的目标，完成结果所需的时间和资源的损失降到最小的材料和信息流动的直接管理。 一个最新方法的实施为公司的物流管理提供更多的成效，这个方法就是外包。物流外包带来诸多好处，如：减少库存、减少订单的交货时间、提高运输质

量、扩大生产的灵活性、降低生产成本和加速资金周转等。这保证了较低的生产成本和更好的质量交付，这是一个决定性的竞争优势。物流外包的应用有利于资源的合理配置，这是公司拥有的独特的竞争优势。 因此，物流外包将作为一种手段应用于公司的物流运输中，以确保一个组织的竞争优势。 关键词：外包，物流，供应商 1.简介 竞争优势，与不断增长的全球化和创新，开始逐渐失去其创意和新的竞争优势，在前端的灵活性，订单到交货时间减少，可靠的高质量的交付，和选择的机会。在竞争领域，厂家的能力加入其生产过程和系统的规划与个人消费者的喜好，将是一个的决定性的因素。只有通过建立灵活的生产管理系统，与个别客户订单问题的解决方案才是可能的。企业为什么要搞物流外包?它的紧迫性在哪里?物流外包与传统意义上的外委、外协有何本质区别?我们的企业离物流外包还远吗?这不仅是理论界要回答的问题，更是企业界应认真思考的问题。谈到物流外包必定涉及供应链和第三方的发展，涉及到现代物流的发展方向，更涉及企业的核心竞争力。理论界对这一点的认识显得有些浮躁，而企业对此的认识比较滞后。目前大多数企业守候在自营物流那片天地，真正搞物流外包的不到20%，并且不规范、不系统。尽管现在物流炒得很热，但企业对物流外包重要性的认识依然很浅。调查表明，湖南有82%的企业对现代物流的认识模糊，大多把货物运输或货代等同于现代物流;有54%的企业至今未有发展物流的计划或设想，更没有把重构内部供应链和发展物流外包提上议事日程，看来还需要更多的示范、引导，更多的宣传、培训和更多的市场培育。 首先，它需要的新的或最新的概念，如CFM（以客户为中心的制造），SCM（供应链管理），基于相同的概念作为企业资源规划（ERP），客户关系管理技术，生产管理的实施（客户关系管理）等，也将要求供应处理，物流中介机构的互动为基础的生产和有效的分配同步。 其次，它在微观和宏观层面上是一个必要的优化运输系统。复杂的运输基础设施的发展是基于标准化的商品，货物，运输方式，装卸货物，交货速度，拓宽道路和铁路网络，完善的售后服务维修。 第三，信息交流起着越来越重要的作用。工业企业在信息领域的互动，使信息可以以正确的形式被查阅，在合适的时间，通过正确的当局和真实类型，防止

物流外文文献及翻译

文献出处: Mahpula A、The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]、Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34、 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization、At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly、Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics、Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form、Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics、On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy、Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness、 Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 Introduction The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope、Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

设施规划 引言 设施规划在过去的十年间已经被赋予了全新的意义。在过去，设施规划一般被认为是一门科学。而在当今竞争激烈的全球市场，设施规划成为了一种策略。政府、教育机构和企业已经不再单独相互竞争，现在这些实体或企业将彼此联合为合作企业、组织协会，并最终合成为供应链，将客户纳入到整个供应链过程以保持竞争力。 这些年来设施规划问题一直是一个热门话题。尽管它已拥有很悠久的历史，但在目前的出版物、会议以及研究中，设施规划仍是最受欢迎的科目之一。设施规划的处理已经从清单式或者菜单式的方法发展到了高度复杂的数学建模。在本文中，我们使用了一个实用的设施规划方法，其利用了实证以及同时包含传统和现代概念的分析方法。值得提及的是，在本文中拥有很广泛的设施规划应用示例。例如，这本书的内容可以适用于一个新医院,一个装配部门,一个已有的仓库,或者一个机场的行李部的规划。无论问题是发生在医院、生产工厂、配送中心、机场、零售商店、学校、银行、还是办公室或者这些设施的任何部分；无论是在一个发达国家的现代化设施还是在一个发展中国家的过时设施中，本文给出的材料在进行规划时都非常有用。重要的是要认识到现代设施规划中将设施当作是一个动态的实体，一个成功的设施规划方案的关键因素是其适应性以及适合全新应用的能力。 设施规划的定义 当今的设施规划必须能够帮助组织实现供应链的优越性。实现供应链的优越性是一个有六个步骤、或者说六个等级的过程。一如既往，这些步骤与优越性、可见性、协同性、综合性、敏捷性等联系在一起。 当一家公司最大化供应链的各个功能（采购-制造-运输-储存-销售），个体部门（如金融、市场营销、销售、采购、信息技术、研发、生产、分配和人力资源等部门）的目标就是要成为公司最好的部门。组织的有效性不是重点，每个组

第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入

物流管理英文文献以及翻译

N. , . School , National Technical University, 15780 Athens, Greece 13 2003; 20 2003; 27 2004 10 2004 , a . , . , . , , . , , . , , . . . , ; . . . . . , , , , . ( , , , .) . . , . . . , . , . ( ). a ; . , . , a . . , . . a a . , , : ●( ), ●, ●, ●, ●, ●, , ●. , , , , , , , , a , . . , , (, 1991). . A , ( 250,000 ) a ( 10,000 ). . , , a , ’s (,1993). , ’s . , ( ) , . , , (, , & , 2002). ( ) . : ●, , ●, ●,

. , a . , , o? . 基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统 N. ，. 化工学院，国立技术大学，15780雅典，希腊 收到2003年9月13日，在经修订的形式收到的2003年12月20号，接受 2004年1月27日 可在线二〇〇四年十二月十日 翻译曹蓝 发展基于互联网的应用工具 服务提供的商业景观的新机会，促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品

和客户提供更好的服务。无论是企业需要的是，服务可以灵活地满足需求，并允许加速外包。反过来，开发人员可以专注于构建核心竞争力，创造客户和股东价值。应用程序开发，也更有效，因为现有的服务，无论他们在那里开发的，可以很容易地重用。 对网络服务的技术要求，很多今天存在的，如营业标准，业务应用，关键任务交易平台和安全的一体化和信息产品。不过，为使强大和动态系统的综合应用，行业标准和工具，扩大天的业务能力，对企业的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用网络服务的关键是要了解什么是服务，以及如何在市场可能发生变化。人们需要能够在今天的平台和应用的投资，使开发人员快速而有效地实现这些好处，也能够满足特定需求，提高企业的生产力。 通常，有两种实施处理时，互联网的应用程序，即基于服务器和基本技术，基于客户的。这两种技术 有自己的长处对代码的发展和它们所提供的设施。服务器的应用程序涉及的动态创建的网页的发展。这些网页传送给客户端的网络浏览器和包含在和语言形式的代码。部分的的网页，其中包含形式和用户需求和的部分控制部分是静态页面的动态部分。通常情况下，代码的结构完全可以通过干预机制的服务器上的改变增加 传动部分和服务器实现基于如，，和语言等，这涉及到一个综合的动态网页应用程序开发的用户希望有关问题的特殊性（计算最短路径，执行路由算法，处理与数据库，等）是通过适当援引这些网页的动态内容的不同部分。在基于服务器的所有应用 计算在服务器上执行。在客户端的应用程序，小程序为准。用户的通信保障由著名的的机制，充当用户的代码。 一切都执行在客户端。在这种情况下的数据必须被检索，一次，这可能是费时的交易的一部分。在服务器的应用程序，服务器资源是所有计算中，这就要求有关的硬件和软件功能强大的服务器设施。基于客户端的应用程序与数据传输负担（主要是与道路网络数据）。有一个该补救方法，即缓存。一旦加载，他们留在浏览器的快取档案将在需要时立即召回。 就我们而言，客户端的应用程序的开发。主要的原因是从有关个人资料的

物流 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 中国快递行业研究报告

2011年中国快递行业研究报告——China Express Delivery Industry Report, 2011 Enterprise wide USD $ 3300 Release Date Dec.2011 Abstract In July, 2011, in the “Twelfth Five-Year (2011-2015)” plan on the development of postal industry issued by State Post Bureau of the Peo ple’s Republic of China, the following “twelfth five-year” development indicators were put forward for the express delivery industry: the network coverage of key express delivery enterprises came up to 98% in municipalities and provincial capitals, and over 90% in provincially administered municipalities; and the key express delivery enterprises realized the 72-hour inter-provincial capital and inter-key city express delivery rate of more than 90%, express delay rate of lower than 0.8%, damage rate of lower than 0.01%, and loss rate of lower than 0.005%. The express delivery business of China has witnessed rapid growth in 2011. Up to the end of September of 2011, Chinese express delivery companies (with annual sales of over RMB5 million) had made 2.52 billion deliveries, up 53.3% year-on-year, and harvested RMB53.14 billion, a 28.9% YoY rise, of which Chinese inner-city express business revenue was RMB4.67 billion, with the year-on-year increase of 58.1%; the cross regional express business revenue rose 37% year-on-year to RMB30.73 billion; and the international and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business revenue was RMB13.57 billion, a slight rise of 4.9% from the same period of last year. From January to September of 2011, 1.125 billion deliveries were made in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai, accounting for 44.64% of the national business volume, and achieved RMB25.697 billion with a 48.36% share of the total business revenue in China. ‘Research report on the express delivery industry in China’ mainly covers the followings: The twelfth five-year plan of national express delivery industry and the twelfth five-year plan of express delivery industry in key provinces and cities;

第三方物流问题战略外文翻译文献

第三方物流问题战略外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等

环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2 我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入 WTO 后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入目前的市场，不限制所有服务行业的现有市场准入和活动。同时在辅助分销的服务方面也作出了类似的承诺。这些方面的限制将在以后 3—4 年内逐步取消，在此期间，国外的服务供应商可以建立百分之百的全资拥有的分支机构或经营机构，国内物流服务业将直面国际竞争。 (二)资源浪费严重，第三方物流效率不高。 从微观上看，由于受计划经济体制的影响，长期以来许多企业，尤其是国有企业走的是“大而全”、“小而全”的路子，它们拥有自己的仓库、车队、甚至远洋船队，造成物流过程的大量浪费，具体表现为仓库的闲置，物流业经营分散，组织化程度低，横向联合薄弱。而能够提供一体化、现代化、专业化、准时化、高效服务的第三方物流企业则很少。从宏观上看第三方物流未能跟上经

物流+外文翻译

1. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. Three major functions of logistics (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. 2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:

物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告

物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告 题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 电话号码 时间2012-04-5

原文： Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Luo Yixin (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205) Received 15 July 2004 Abstract For further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure 1 Preface Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successful

物流管理第三方物流毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译文献 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力

物流英文文献翻译英语论文

物流英文文献翻译英语论文 物流英文文献翻译及物流论文参考文献[1] 崔介何.物流学概论[M].北京〆北京大学出版社，2004年〆1-2. [2] 叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京〆高等教育出版社，2003〆49-56. [3] 许建帄.对培育广州物流市场的再思考[EB/OL]. [4] 深圳新闻网.“入仓即予退税”新政策助推物流发展[EB/OL]. [5] 吴德群.“入仓退税”适应国际采购商全球配送[N].深圳特区报，2006-01-23. [6] 广东禾田物流有限公司网.广东禾田物流有限公司简介[EB/OL]. [7] 快递公司网.广州物流市场[8] 来源.十一月回顾〆物流篇（三）[EB/OL]. [9] 徐晓阳,饶欠林. 深圳盐田港出口监管仓的现状与发[DB/OL].，2002. [10] 中华人民共和国国务院公报,中华人民共和国海关总署令——中华人民共和国海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. [11] 公共商务信息导报，海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. 2005-12-06. [12] Wei Liu,Wenshun Li,Wendy Huang.Analysis of the dynamic relation between logistics development and GDP growth in China[DB/OL]. http:// 毕业论文[13] Deng Mingran,Wang Hua. A government guarantee system of logistics development in China[DB/OL].,2006. [14] Goh,M,Ling,C. Logistics development in China[DB/OL]. ,2003. [15] Chen Siyun, The developing trend and countermeasures of Yantian port logistics[DB/OL]. 研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。通过学习物流产业的各方面,包括了解物流产业，标准术语,物流技术和管理知识,剖析主要的问题存在于中国当前的物流业,并提出合理化建议。关键词〆物流，发展，问题，方法1 前言现代物流工业是现代最受欢迎的行业。自从20世纪80年代早期物流概念从海外引入，物流业得到了迅猛的发展。目前,我国已有相当多的物流园区及中心, 发展了一系列现代物流技术和取得了一大批自主知识产权的创新成果。研制开发了具有自主知识产权的集成化物流管理系统（LOG++/SMCS），成功实现了与著名ERP系统（SAP R/3）的实时连接。改变了我国传统物流系统性能单一、集成度低的现状，标志着我国物流软件系统与国际现代物流管理系统的接轨。研究开发了新型结构快速堆垛机。其运行速度0～150m/min，起升速度0～40m/min，货叉速度0～20/40m/min々水帄方向采用激光测距技术，测距误差±1mm（500m以内），定位精度达到±3mm々垂直方向采用旋转编码器加齿形带技术，定位精度达到±3mm。进行了结构研究和动态性能分析，增加了设备的稳定性和可靠性々成功地将激光认址和旋转编码器、齿形带测距等新型检测技术整合到一起，运用于认址，从根本上改变了传统的认址方式，并采用冗余控制技术和故障自诊断技术等大大提高系统的效率与可靠性々新型货叉结构、带尺寸检测与条形码检测的新型载货台等10多项新技术，促进了物流关键设备的技术进步，大大缩短我国物流关键设备与国际先进水帄的差距。在2003年，国内外首创开发了具有国际先进水帄的推挽式激光导引AGV小车（专利产品）々攻克了路径规划、反射板布置、精确定位等难题，使小车能在卷接包机组内安全、灵活地行走和定位，实现完全自动化运送。2003年设计应用具有国际先进水帄的视觉识别移动式机器人自动辅料搭配系统。红河卷烟厂自动化物流系统和联想电脑公司集成化物流系统的成功开发与应用，填补了多项国内空白，创新出一批具有国际先进水帄的系统和设备，大大缩小我国物流系统关键设备及主要技术指标与先进国家的差距，在行业中产生了广泛影响。经过多年研究和探索，太原钢运储存公司通过与科研机构的合作，成功地发展出由电脑计划设计的自动化的仓储打包系统，同样也是处于世界领先水帄。由于受到政府的大力指出与重视，中国的现代物流业正以前所未有的速度发展。但是，还是值得指出的是，中国的物流业整体还是处在初级阶段。中国在2000 年的国内生产总值是8.94×1000亿元，其中流通领域总占比重仅仅百分之8.1 这比发达国家如英美日要低许多。2000年，沃尔玛，世界零售巨头的销售总额达193.3亿美元，占中国年零售业总额的46%。从上面可以看出，沃尔玛的销售额以每年20—30亿美元的速度增长。在国内的零售业领先的上海联合利华仅仅XX 人民