高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题(附答案)

英语虚拟语气的用法

一．语气的概念

英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。

从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。

从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种：

⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。

⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。

⑶虚拟语气——见下面。

语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。

二．虚拟语气

㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。

㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。

㈢应用

⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情

况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：

例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.

2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ?

3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

4）If he h adn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress.

⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。

例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now.

我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他）

2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.

明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小）

3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！

⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。

句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形…（should可省略）

1）He suggests that we (should) visit the museum.

2) We suggested that he _____ here every day.

A. come

B. comes

C. came

D. can come

E. could come

虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he...)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]

（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）

Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] (=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)

I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]

(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)

3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.

如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

It is right that you should have done your homework.

3、wish的用法

I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

I wish they’d let us get some sleep.

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)

4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：

He acts as if nothing had happened.

I would rather you didn’t tell him.

5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.

It’s high time (that) we took some action.

虚拟语气专项练习题

(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.

A. be

B. was

C. were

D. am

(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they____speak with French accents.

A. don't

B. will not

C. mustn't

D. wouldn't

(3) _____today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?

A. Were we leaving

B. If we leave

C. Would we leave

D. Were we to leave

(4). If Jone____tomorrow, what would you do?

A. were not to come

B. will not come

C. would not come

D. had not come

(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”

“You mean to say_____, you would've helped her ?”

A. if she asked you

B. if she were to ask you

C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you

(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_____.

A. might have died

B. might die

C. would die

D. could die

(7). If they had known him, _____to him?

A. would they have talked

B. would they talk

C.had they talked

D. they would talk

(8). If I lived in the city, I ____travel in croweded buses, but I_____to see lots of films.

A. shall have to/shall be able

B. shall have to/am able

C. would have to/were able

D. would have to/would be able

(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_____time.

A. had had

B. have had

C. had

D. would have had

(10). _____I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having

(11). _____your help, I would not have succeeded.

A. Because

B. Because of

C. But

D. But for

(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”

“Only that if he____ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”

A. did not become

B. had not become

C. does not become

D. has not become

(13). “Why didn't you help him?”

“I would have____ I didn't have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or (14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”

“I suggest Wang Hong_____.”

A. goes

B. would go

C. go

D. went

(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_____television on week nights.

A. not watch

B. must not to watch

C. not be watching

D. have not watch

(16). I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I____. A. can B. could C. had D. speak

(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?’

“Yes, very much. I wish I_____ have to leave so soon.”

A. won't

B. don't

C. mustn't

D. didn't

(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”

“I don't know, but it's about time _____on some thing.”

A. I'm deciding

B. I'll decide

C. I decided

D. I'd decided

(19). I'd rather you_____ anything about it for the time being.

A. say

B. didn't say

C. don't say

D. not say

(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?”

“The teach er demands that everyone _____in his seat at six.”

A. would be

B. can be

C. be

D. will be

(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_____it.

A. forgets

B. forget

C. will forget

D. will not forget

(22). “how does the librarian act?”

“He acts as if he_____a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has been

(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_____ severely punished.

A. were

B. are

C. be

D. will be

(24). I wish you ______interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.

A. will not

B. would not

C. do not

D. did not

(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it ____ him.

A. understands

B. understood

C. understand

D. would understand

(26). Jeff looked as if he _____a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see

(27). Give her my best regards, ________.

A. should you see her today

B. if you saw her today

C. if you would see her today

D. should you have seen her today

(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting______postponed for a week.

A. had been

B. would be

C. was

D. should be

(29). It is highly desirable that every effort______to reduce pollution in Bei jing.

A. was made

B. be made

C. will be made

D. would be made

(30). The manager would rather that his wife_____work in the same office as he dose.

A. does not

B. did not

C. would not

D. will not

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Ⅰ 例句： 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

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