四川大学博士研究生入学英语考试题

四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题

I. Reading Comprehension 30%, 1 mark each)

Passage 1

As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists ha ve emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.

The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to under stand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist ada pts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the ot her, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the

theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircra ft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys mu st be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than a n automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperature s as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do t he job in jet-propelled planes.

Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying t hem, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scienti sts specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even furth er subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences ha ve become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independen t of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for examp le -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.

1. The applied scientist ______.

A. is not always interested in practical problems

B. provides the basic knowled ge for practice

C. applies the results of research to practice

D. does original research to und erstand the basic laws of nature

2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___.

A. pure science operates independently of applied science

B. the applied scient ist discovers the basic laws of nature

C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done

D. app lied science suggests problems for the basic scientist

3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____.

A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals

B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fa hrenheit

C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures

D. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures

4. Finer mad finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in____ _.

A. greater independence of each science

B. greater interdependence of all the v arious sciences

C. the eradication of the need for specialists

D. the need for only on classifi cation of scientists

5. "The horizons of science have expanded" means that____.

A. the horizon changes its size from year to year

B. science has developed more fields of endeavor

C. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizon

D. scientists ca n see further out into space

Passage 2

In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revi sed and Enlarged Edition (W. W. Norton) Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assesses the impact both of

radical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Wr itten with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historian's wis dom and perspective to bear on America's "culture wars".

Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And wha t does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Sc hlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of pr ejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultur al advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together by a shared commitment to the democrat ic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and Ja mes Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the et hnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical right is even more willing than th e radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights.

The author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the "melting pot" dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in ar gument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some reader s, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer Priz es for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.

6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_____.

A. a melting pot

B. a nation with diverse cultures held together by the democra tic process

C. a federation of ethnic and racial communities

D. a nation with various ethni c and racial groups

7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger______.

A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhood

B. pref ers multiculturalism to monoculturalism

C. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicity

D. holds that each raci al group should keep its distinct identity

8. The author wants to tell us that America_____.

A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhood

B. is trying to restrict the Bill of Right

C. has ended its history of racial prejudice

D. has tried to obstruct intellect ual freedom

9. According to the author, Schlesinger's book will____.

A. cause anger among the radical right

B. cause anger among the radical left

C. put an end to the culture wars in America

D. provoke thinking among the read ers

10. This passage is most probably taken from __.

A. a history book

B. a book introduction

C. a book review

D. a journal of liter ary criticism

Passage 3

The El Nino ("little boy" in Spanish) that pounded the globe between the s ummers of1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide damage estimates exceed ~20 billion --not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina ("little girl") are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) that appears every two to e ight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of th e earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific tow

ards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above those on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade w inds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm w ater washes from Asian shores back towards South America.

In last season's cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of South A merica soared from a normal high of 23°C degrees to 28°C degrees. This area o f warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosph ere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds.

El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, C hile and Peru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed s ome five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the econom ic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These c onditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last sum mer over 38°C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetati on turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.

11. As El Sino builds, _____ .

A. the normal westward trade winds weaken

B. the normal eastward trade winds we aken

C. the normal westward trade winds strengthen

D. the normal eastward trade wind s strengthen

12. Which of the following statements is true?

A. El Nino results from droughts, floods and bushfires.

B. El Nino brought rain to most areas that were affected,

C. When El Nino appeared, some of the world's rainforests were attacked by drou ghts.

D. Most areas that were affected by El Nino got droughts.

13. Once El Nino even played a role in the political world. What was it?

A. President Suharto was overthrown by the drought caused by El Nino.

B. El Nino caused riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto.

C. President Suharto resigned because of the drought caused by El Nino.

D. The drought caused by El Nino together with the economic crisis prevailing i n Indonesia helped to overthrow President Suharto.

14. The phrase "in a row" in the last paragraph means____.

A. continuously

B. in a line

C. awfully

D. now and then

15. The writer of this passage is most likely to be____.

A. an Australia observer

B. a British national

C. an American geographer

D. an Indonesia journalist

Passage 4

In patients with Huntington's disease, it's the part of the brain called t he basal ganglia that's destroyed. While these victims have perfectly intact ex plicit memory systems, they can't learn new motor skills. An Alzheimer's patien t can learn to draw in a mirror but can't remember doing it: a Huntington's pat ient can't do it but can remember trying to learn. Yet another region of the br ain, an almond-size knot of neural tissue seems to be crucial in forming and tr iggering the recall of a special subclass of memories that is tied to strong em otion, especially fear. These are just some of the major divisions. Within the category implicit memory, for example, lie the subcategories of associative mem ory – the phenomenon that famously led Parlov's dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell which they had learned to associate with food and of habituation, in which we unconsciously file away unchanging features of the environment so we c an pay closer attention to what's new and different upon encountering a new exp erience.

Within explicit, or declarative memory, on the other hand, there are speci fic subsystems that handle shapes, textures such as faces, names -- even distin ct systems to remember nouns vs. verbs. All of these different types of memory

are ultimately stored in the brain's cortex, within its deeply furrowed outer l ayer -- a component of the brain dauntingly more complex than comparable parts in other species. Experts in brain imaging are only beginning to understand wha t goes where, and how the parts are reassembled into a coherent whole that seem s to be a single memory is actually a complex construction. Think of a hammer, and your brain hurriedly retrieves the tool's name, its appearance, its functio n, its heft and the sound of its clang, each extracted from a different region of the brain. Fail to connect person's name with his or her face, and you exper ience the breakdown of that assembly process that many of us begin to experienc e in our 20s and that becomes downright

worrisome when we reach our 50s.

It was this weakening of memory and the parallel loss of ability to learn new things easily that led biologist Joe Tsien to the experiments reported last week. "This age-dependent loss of function," he says, "appears in many animals, and it begins with the onset of sexual maturity."

What's happening when the brain forms memories -- and what fails with agin g, injury and disease -- involves a phenomenon known as "plasticity". It's obvi ous that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember new things, bu t it's equally obvious that the organ doesn't change its overall structure or g row new nerve cells wholesale. Instead, it's the connections between new cells -- and particularly the strength of these connections that are altered by exper ience. Hear a word over and over, and the repeated firing of certain cells in a certain order makes it easier to repeat the firing pattern later on. It is the pattern that represents each specific memory.

16. Which of the following symptoms can be observed in a person who suffer s from the Huntington's disease?

A. He cannot remember what he has done but can remember trying to learn.

B. He cannot do something new but he can remember doing it.

C. He suffers from a bad memory and lack of motor skills.

D. He suffers from a poor basal ganglia and has intact explicit memory.

17. According to the passage, which of the following memories has nothing to do with implicit memory?

A. Associating a signal with an action.

B. Recognizing of new features.

C. Focusing on new environment.

D. Remembering a familiar face of a friend.

18. Which of the following may happen to a patient who suffered from damag es to his explicit memory?

A. When he is in a new environment, he is always frightened.

B. When he plays f ootball, he cannot learn new tricks.

C. When he sees a friend, it's hard for him to remember his name.

D. When he fi nds a hammer, he cannot tell anything about it.

19. The word "extract" in the second paragraph means_____.

A. obtain

B. remove

C. pull

D. derive

20. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that_____.

A. Scientists have found the mechanism underlying the memorizing activities

B. More research must be done to determine the brain structure.

C. Some researc hers are not content with the findings.

D. It is obvious that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember.

Passage 5

Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation whic h has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but o n the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social stat us, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical and ideational mobility.

A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in r ail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decli

ne in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family contin uity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the fa mily as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conve ntionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt at titudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes values, and ways of thinking with in a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, w ife and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living toge ther but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.

One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in th e proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters who engage in occupations ot her than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively betwee n classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with wa ys of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.

The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publica tions, such as newspapers, periodicals and books, the increase in the percentag e of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All the se tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members ar e exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.

21. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement___.

A. potential disorganization is present in the American family

B. social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional fam ilies

C. the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status

D. family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility

22. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ___

A. can get more help from their family members if the are in trouble

B. will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it

C. are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stabil ity

D. have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it

23. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____

A. the family members are subject to social pressures

B. both parents have to w ork full time

C. the husband, wife and children, and children seldom get together

D. the husb and, wife and children work too hard

24. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in fami ly disorganization because____.

A. they enable the children to travel around without their parents

B. they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents

C. they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status

D. they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thi nking

25. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose m embers __

A. are not psychologically withdrawn from one another

B. seldom quarrel with ea ch other even when they disagree

C. often help each other with true love and affection

D. are exposed to the sam e new ideas introduced by books, radios and TV sets

Passage 6

A design for a remotely-controlled fire engine could make long road or rai l tunnels safer. It is the brainchild of an Italian fire safety engineer, who c laims that his invention -- dubbed Robogat -- could have cut the death toll in the disastrous Mont Blanc tunnel fire in March 1999 which killed 41 people. Mos t of the people who perished dies within 15 minutes of smoke first being detect ed. Quick action is needed when fire breaks out in a tunnel. Robogat can travel at about 50 kilometers per hour. The Mont Blanc fire was 5 kilometers from the French end of the tunnel, so a machine could have got there in about six minut es.

The Robogat has been designed and patented by Domenico Piatti of the Naple s fire department. It runs on a monorail suspended from the roof of the tunnel. When the Robogat reaches a fire, it plugs into a modified water main running a long the tunnel and directs its hoses at the base of the fire. It is capable of pumping 3,000 liters of high-pressure water per minute--about the same rate as that from an airport fire tender. Normal fire engines deliver 500 liters per m inute. The machine's heat-resistant skin is designed to withstand temperatures of up to 1,000°C. Designed to fight fires in tunnels up to 12 kilometers long, the Robogat will be operated from a control centre outside the tunnel. Ideally, tunnels should have a Robogat stationed at each end, allowing fires to be tack led from both sides.

Piatti says that it would be relatively cheap to install the Robogat in ne w tunnels, with each machine costing around ￡250,000. "That's not expensive," says Stuart Jagger, a British fire-fighting specialist, who adds, "Fire-fighter s normally have to approach the blaze from upwind. People have dies if the vent ilation is overwhelmed or someone changes the ventilation. If the robot worked remotely it would be an advantage." But this introduces extra problems: the Rob ogat would have to feed information about the state of the fire back to its con troller, and the sensors, like the rest of the machine, would have to be fire-r esistant. Piatti is now looking for financial backing to build a prototype.

26. The Robogat can quickly get through to the scene of a fire because___.

A. it is in position in the middle of the tunnel

B. it can move on a monorail s uspended from the roof of the tunnel

C. it runs on a monorail and can take quick action

D. its modified water main c an run along the tunnel quickly

27. When fire breaks out in a tunnel, the most important thing is to __

A. install a Rogogat quickly

B. detect the smoke quickly

C. change the ventilat ion

D. take quick actions

28. The Robogat is designed to pump water____.

A. at a speed of 500 liters a minute

B. almost as fast as an airport tender

C. six times faster than an ordinary fire-engine

D. at a rate of an airport fir e tender

29. According to the passage, because temperatures in a tunnel can be very high,____.

A. the Robogat has to have a heat-resistant skin B, the Robogat is operated in a control centre outside the tunnel

C. the Robogat can only work at the scene of a fire for a limited period

D. a R obogat is stationed at each end

30. One problem that has not yet been solved, it seems, is that____

A. a prototype has not yet been accepted

B. financial backing is not available

C. the machine will need fire-resistant sensors

D. the machine would not work if the ventilation was overwhelmed

II. Vocabulary (10%, 0.5 mark each)

31. This university offers a wide variety of high-quality courses for both graduate and undergraduate students.

A. select

B. choice

C. alternative

D. optional

32. ____ your request for a refund, we have referred that matter to our ma in office.

A. On the point of

B. With relationship to

C. In the event of

D. With regard to

33.AIDs activists permanently changed and shortened America's __ process f or testing and approving new drags of all kinds, for all diseases.

A. stagnant

B. intricate

C. appropriate

D. efficient

34. Exercise can affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get r id of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise__.

A. regularly

B. normally

C. usually

D. constantly

35. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptom atic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be__.

A. elegant

B. confident

C. creative

D. imaginary

36. There is scientific evidence to support our___ that being surrounded b y plants is good for health.

A. instinct

B. implication

C. perception

D. conception

37. Tom plunged into the pond immediately when he saw a boat was sinking a nd a little girl in it was___.

A. in need

B. on the decline

C. in disorder

D. at stake

38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in soc iety will___ through the current law system in that country.

A. permeate

B. violate

C. probe

D. grope

39. All the finished products are stored in a___ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.

A. warehouse

B. capsule

C. garage

D. cabinet

40. As he walked out the court, he was____ with frustration and rage.

A. applauding B, quivering C. paralyzing D. limping

41. The Board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be_____ important positions.

A. attributed to

B. furnished with

C. installed in

D. inserted into

42. There are still some____ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.

A. positions

B. vacancies

C. applications

D. categories

43. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players__ speci

al problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.

A. pose

B. commit

C. transport

D. expose

44. Although Kerry has had no formal education, he is one of the___ busine ssmen in the company.

A. alertest

B. sternest

C. nastiest

D. shrewdest

45. The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which___ profoundly to every Chinese heart.

A. drew

B. attract

C. appealed

D. impressed

46. ___students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and shou

ld have some familiarity with plays in production.

A. realistic

B. responsible

C. ethnic

D. prospective

47. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always___ the scientist's time-keeping methods.

A. at the mercy of

B. in accordance with

C. under the guidance of

D. by means o

f

48. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ___ a violent act previously seen on television.

A. stimulating

B. duplicating

C. modifying

D. accelerating

49.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City_ shock and anger no t only throughout America but also throughout the wholeworld.

A. enveloped

B. summoned

C. tempted

D. provoked

50.The secretary went over the table again very carefully for fear of___ a ny important data.

A. overlooking

B. slipping

C. ignoring

D. skimming

III. Cloze Test (10%, 0.5 mark each)

Researchers who refuse to share data with others may 51 others to withhold results from them, 52 a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical Sch ool.

The study found that young researchers, those who publish 53 , and investi gators seeking patents are most likely to be _54_ access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a _55 for this, and have mo re difficulty in 56 data from others.

The study was 57 by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366 58 selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 per cent said that they had been denied 59 to other academic investigators ' data, 60 article reprints, during the past three years. This 61 with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the 62 of data withholding, the team identified those experiencing the most 63 . For junior staff. 64 , the te am found that 13.5 per cent were denied access, 65 5.1 per cent of senior resea rchers.

The 66 between data withholding and researchers' publishing 67 during the

68 three years was 69 : 7.7 per cent of those who had published 1-5 articles ha

d had data withheld from them, but this ros

e to 28.9 per cent for researchers w ho had published more than 20. Campbell warns, "Selectively holding back on in

f ormation from the most 70 researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cures of human disease."

51. A. suggest B. provoke C. propose D. claim

52. A. because of B. in spite of C. according to D. owing to

53. A. a lot B. great deal C. regularly D. frequently

54. A. sought B. seeking C. being sought D. have sought

55. A. depression B. reputation C. infamy D. fame

56. A. acquisition B. requiting C. assigning D. obtaining

57. A. carried B. conducted C. forged D. identified

58. A. randomly B. carefully C. specially D. absolutely

59. A. entry B. reach C. access D. use

60. A. inclusive B. excluding C. exclusive D. refusing

61. A. corresponds B. complies C. compares D. adapts

62. A. casualties B. victims C. culprits D. injuries

63. A. hardship B. trial C. difficulty. D. errors

64. A. researchers B. members C. employees D. personnel

65. A. in coincide with B. in common with C. in collision to D. in comparison t o

66. A. relationship B. contradiction C. comparison D. communication

67. A. review B. deadline C. relation D. record

68. A. proceeding B. progressing C. preceding D. progressive

69. A. outstanding B. excessive C. exciting D. striking

70. A. productive B. producing C. preferable D, prescribed

IV. Translation (30%) PartA (15%)

71. Wildlife refuges mainly serve as havens for millions of ducks, geese a nd other migratory birds. And this is what most people come to see. Much of the fun is in knowing and distinguishing the many kinds that are present in great variety. The activities and antics of the bird world are fascinating to anyone taking the time to observe up close. A camera, likewise, will record some of th e unusual sights that will be seen.

Most of the areas are staffed by biologists m individuals who have a great interest in the outdoors. They are all enthusiastic naturalists who can help a person to a richer enjoyment of the world of nature. A stop at the refuge head quarters will yield ideas on what to see and where, as well as helpful literatu re. A few refuges have visitor centers where displays tell the story of the ref uge and where there are movies or color slide shows of the area and its wildlif e.

Hunting on a refuge seems inconsistent with its purpose of protecting and saving. However, big game, if allowed to increase to an excessive degree, can b e their own worst enemy. They overbrowse their range. Then starvation ruins the herd. But even before nature balances animals to food supply, the destruction of trees and shrubs removes food and cover essential to many smaller animals as well. It's good management of the game, and to the sportsman's benefit, to cro p big game judiciously.

Part B (15%, 3 mark each)

72。那个小学生经常说她要是得到了诺贝尔奖的话，她就要用那笔钱来在西部办许多希望小学。

73. 那个年轻人宁愿去广州的大学攻读信息工程，也不愿开一个自己的网站。

74. 电信集团如果那时及时地将局域网升了级，就会在全省赢得了更多的用户。

75．那时，任何胆量小一点的人都不敢想到我们应该扩大研究生的招生规模。

76．良好的心态是对付压力的最关键因素。如果你能对周围的人和事都抱有一种积极的态度，你就可以把压力减到最小，甚至消除压力。

V． Writing（20%）

Directions：Write a composition on the title “ I (Don’t) want to be a civil s ervant” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be in no less than 150 English words.

Topic: I (Don’t ) want to be a Civil Servant.

Outline:

1. 每一个毕业生都关心就业问题

2. 公务员职位竞争激烈

3. 我（不）要当一名公务员

博士入学考试-1001英语

XX博士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：1001 科目名称：英语请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效） in law and medical school classrooms in rece nt years.

A) subord in ati on B) participatio n C) impact D) assumpti on 3. It has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emoti ons, and in terests that _______ being masculi ne and feminine are patter ned by both heredity and culture. A) con struct B) assig n C) con stitute D) approve 4. Our guess said some very things about the meal I ' d cooked. subtle on the test. A ) complimentary B ) complimented C ) complementary D ) complement 5. He has some ideas about what to do, but nothing specific. A) vulgar B)vague C) delicate D) 6. The teacher gave me a on the b ack for gett ing an “A” A) clap B) hit C) pat D) pad

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