跨文化交际案例

（马先生是一家德国公司的业务主管，他和老板德国人斯坦福私下是好朋友。在一次重大会议上，斯坦福提出了公司下一个季度的计划，当时马先生也在场。）

斯坦福介绍完计划问：这是本公司下一个季度的策划方案，请问在场的各位有什么意见或建议？

（所有在场的主管，包括马先生都只是翻看手中的资料，没有一个人对斯坦福的计划提出反对意见，因此斯坦福就认为所有人对他的计划都表示赞同。但是，让斯坦福惊讶的是，马先生在会后找他谈关于那个计划的事。）

马先生说：斯坦福，我要和你谈谈那个计划的事，我觉得那个计划实行起来有些问题。至少从目前的情形来看是不合适的。

斯坦福惊讶的问：刚刚在会上你为什么不说？

马先生解释说：斯坦福，那个方案的确是有问题的，我刚刚不提出反对，是怕驳了你的面子。我不想让你难堪，因为你是我们的老板，也是我的朋友，在场面上我得尊重你。

斯坦福并不领情，反驳道：尊重？我不明白。公司请你们来是为了公司负责，而你们在明知有问题的情况下没有提出反对意见，这是你们的失职，我没有看出你们哪里尊重我了。

马先生进一步解释说：不，斯坦福，你要知道我是为你好，在我看来，不当讲的时候就不能讲，不然会把问题弄得更糟糕的。

斯坦福还是不解：不！没有这样的逻辑。你这样只会让我觉得你不够坦诚。老实说，我对你很失望。我以为站在朋友的角度，你会明白指出我的不足与失误。而你却是看着我出错。

马先生也有点生气：如果不是站在朋友的立场上，现在我就不会在这里了。因为我当你是朋友，所以我没有当着大家的面反驳你，而是现在才来告诉你，你的计划有问题。

斯坦福断然说：现在我不想谈论这个问题，这个问题已经结束了。而且，我相信大家都没有提出意见是因为这本身不存在问题，你可以出去了。

（两个好朋友不欢而散。）

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跨文化交际案例分析 LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】

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跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照

跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照

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跨文化交际案例 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

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跨文化交际-unit1-6-课后translation中英对照

Unit 1 Page 22 The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view o f history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a pers istent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by sp ace, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about m any of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as globa l. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as w ell as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from si mple name-calling to isolationism or even armed conflict. It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it i mperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understan d people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with p eople who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only i n our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world peac e. 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。 很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 Unit 2 Page 60 Culture is sometimes referred to as our mental programming，our “software of the mind. ” But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows：it is what enables us to process information in various specific application. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture: culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It various from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with menbers of a society. Culture is like the water fish swim in┄a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. it is in the air we breath and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community of people, not simply a characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture, and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean. If culture is mental programming, it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from

跨文化交际笔记

第一章跨文化交际 一、什么是跨文化交际——具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程 跨文化交际之所以在今天日益引起人们的注意，主要原因是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，使得不同国家、不同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。 L.S.Harms认为，在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段：语言的产生；文字的使用；印刷技术的发明；近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展；跨文化交际。近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。 二、对跨文化交际的不同理解 有的人认为每个人在文化上都是独特的，所以任何两个人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。 有的人认为，不同国籍人们之间的文化差异与不同职业的人们之间的文化差异并没有什么本质上的区别，只是程度上的差异。 有的人认为，跨文化交际研究应该把重点放在亚文化系统的语篇系统方面。 有的人认为，作大范围的国与国之间的对比对于改进跨文化交际益处不大，应该把眼光放在更具体的文化差异上。跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异的探讨。 文化通常不是指个人的行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯。作者认为作跨国、跨种族、跨民族研究不仅应该是跨文化交际研究包括的内容，而且应该是放在首位的。至于地区、阶级、阶层、职业、性别、年龄等不同层次的差异也应该给予关注。至于个人之间的差异的研究只是在我们把他们当做群体的代表时才有意义。在研究一个国家的文化特点时，我们的眼光首先应集中在它的主流文化上，其次才注意它的亚文化和地区文化的特点。 主流文化亚文化地区文化小群体文化 （不同年龄、职业、性别群体的文化）第二章跨文化交际学 一、跨文化交际学在美国Intercultural Communication 与人类学、心理学、传播学关系密切 1.首先在美国兴起。美国有来自各个国家的移民，有各自的文化系统和风俗习惯，逐渐在美国社会形成了多元文化的格局；美国与各国交往频繁。 2.Edwar Hall 《无声的语言》跨文化交际学的奠基之作。认为不同文化背景的人们在使用时间、空间表达意义方面表现出明显的差异。（对时间、空间、交际的关系作了深入探讨） 3.1970年是具有重要意义的一年，在这一年，国际传播学会承认跨文化交际学是传播学的一个分支，成立了跨文化交际学分会。1972年，第一届跨文化交际学国际会议，日本东京。 4.70年代，影响最大的书籍。《跨文化交际学选读》 5.跨文化交际学内容：

外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究

外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究由于全球一体化和经济全球化的发展，各国之间的经济合作与往来日益增强。不同文化背景的人们之间的经济合作及国际商务活动也日趋频繁，增强文化理解、克服文化冲突、增强文化沟通与合作就显得尤为重要。近些年来，中国经济与科技的蓬勃发展，中国文化的博大精深，吸引了越来越多的外国留学生来华求学。据我国教育部统计，2008年全国来华留学生总数首次突破了20万。越来越多的各国留学生来中国学习汉语，以便尽快的实现与中国人的交际进而实现与中国人在各个领域实现交流、沟通、合作、共赢。但通过一段时间的学习和交流之后，即使学生有了一定的词汇基础，掌握了基本的语法知识，但仍然常常在交际中遇到难题，有时候甚至搞出很多笑话和严重的文化上的不妥行为，究其根源，是因为留学生们或多或少地存在跨文化交际障碍。其实，对于学习汉语的外留学生来讲，学习汉语不光是只要明白发音，认识汉字，语法等。如果留学生在学习汉语的过程中能对于中国的历史，价值观，风土人情，宗教信仰等因素有适当的了解，就能在很大程度上帮助其学习好汉语并应用于交际。因此，必须加强对来华留学生的跨文化交流研究。 关键词：外国留学生跨文化交际 一、文化和文化差异 跨文化交流，来自不同文化的交流才可以是跨文化交流。不同的文化显然是有差异的，即文化差异的存在。于是，我们应当首先理解“文化”和“文化差异”的意义何在。“文化”一词源远流长，古往

今来，不同的学者从不同的角度和层次对文化进行定义和阐述，反映了文化涵盖内容的广泛和深入，以及人类对于文化研究的重视。英国人类学家泰勒（Edward Burnett Tylor）在其著作《原始文化》一书给文化这样定义：所谓文化或文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习惯以及其他人类作为社会的成员而获得的种种能力、习性在内的一种复合整体。这主要是从思想和行为层面对文化进行定义，而不少学者认为，文化除了精神文化、方式文化外，还包括物质文化。文化的冰山比喻有助于对文化的全面理解。文化是由显性部分和隐性部分组成的，显性部分即冰山浮出水面的可视部分，是外在直观的事物，隐性部分即冰山水下的不可视部分，例如社会规范、价值观、信念等。本人认为，文化是由人类创造的，特定群体所表现的具有显隐双重性的物质与精神成果及行为方式的总和。显性文化反映和体现了隐性文化，隐性文化驱动和支配着显性文化，两者相互联系和影响，构成有机的统一体。 所谓文化差异，简要地说，即不同国家、民族在文化上的差别。文化差异是复杂多样的，我认为应当从文化显隐性的特点出发，将文化差异分为显性差异与隐性差异。显性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的物质成果表现出来。需要说明的是，语言的不同亦属于显性差异。语言不可视、不可触，却可以听到，它是一个客观存在。隐性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的行为方式、创造的精神成果表现出来。不同文化背景的人在跨文化交流的过程中避免不了文化差异的问题，而文化差异的更深层次会导致文化冲突。

跨文化交际案例分析

从三个方面分析案例 1.What cultural difference is reflected in this case? 2.What behaviors of each party cause the clash? 3.What might be done for each party to avoid the clash? 例如：case 1 A Danish Woman in New York Step 1. 这个案例反应了实现有效跨文化交流的一个障碍：assuming similarity instead of difference（假定一致性）。 Step 2. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Step 3. To avoid misunderstanding, the Danish woman should learn more about American culture and adjust his behaviors accordingly. Case 2 中国女教师与外国女教师的冲突1. 这个案例反应了个人主义与集体主义的冲突Li Hong comes from a collectivist culture which emphasizes deference paid to people older than oneself and modesty

跨文化交际经历 英语

---大学2013-2014学年第一学期 英语专业本科2011年级《跨文化交际》学期论文 考生姓名松学号---专业英语年级班级11级公2 考试日期2013年12 月31 日前考试方式学期论文 内容语言框架格式总分得分 登分人复核人 说明： 1．本学期论文总分100分，占总成绩60 %。 2．文章字数至少1000字。 3．内容50%，语言30%，框架10%，格式10% 。 4．论文稿用A3纸打印稿。 5．论文最后截止期2013年12月31日。…………………………………………………………………………… My Cross-culture Communication Experience I can’t agree this view more: The need for intercultural communication is as old as humankind. And it is effortless to find that cross-culture communication pervades our daily life here and there, now and then. I truly believe that everyone has his or her unique and unforgettable intercultural communication experience and so do I. Before starting telling my cross-culture communication experience, something about my family background has to be introduced. Having embraced the life of a good boy, I was the obedient child of my relatively conservative family, thoroughly enjoying my freedom and a steady diet of veracity. From the beginning of my childhood memory, my parents made a perfect impression on me. Their relationship is so harmonious that any uncourteous and impolite words are not allowed, and also, they are hardly anger with each other. So they often educated us kids to take them as the example. However, the generation gap between us become extraordinarily apparent and a little chat or talking happened in our daily life. I don’t think they are wrong or their education manner is bad. Normally, every coin has two sides. As the mentioned that cross-culture communication plays an overwhelming role in our daily life. Especially, after I arrive at a new and strange city to begin my college life, I realized that what the really so-called culture diversity is. For example: It was a weekend and I received a call phoned by one of my classmates when I back to the dormitory. She said that something needs my help and hopping I can give her a hand to carry some stuff. As I was wondering what it is, the next door “Lao Wang” (one of my friends and we call him as thi s) told me that it must be the sanitary towel. “How dose it happened?” I was so embraced and confusing, since I have ever been hold the view that sanitary towel is of the privacy for a girl and it is impossible for her to mention it in the face of a boy let alone helping her to carry it. Whereby the courage I gave her my answer, the “no problem”. While I was on the road to meet her, some “why”, “how” still flash into my mind and most openmouthed, several boys appeared in front of mine. They were also invited by the girl and they were discussing how to do it. From their mouth I realized that all the sanitary towels come from a Japanese company and in order to open the Chinese marketing channel, a sales representative is needed and aim to help them to give out all the sanitary towels to the customers freely so that the customers will someday adhere to the product and buy it, so this is the task of the girl. It must be a good news for most of the Chinese for that we often eager to gain petty advantages without any expense. And at this moment the so-called “boycott Japanese goods” was thrown behind us. Facing so many free stuffs some guys can’t help asking: can I pick up one? Someone even joked: anyhow you are going to give out them and we can help you more directly. Generously, the advice was taken by the girl but some questions were asked: who can use it as you are boys? How do you deal with them? And one answered that he would like to give it to his girl friend. The guy said he can give it to his mother. What the worth mentioning is that I was totally astonished by what the latter replied. Because I deem that it must be embarrassing for me to do like that. I really can’t figure out how it was possible. With the thoroughly confusing, I hope someone can make me out of the wonder. And one of the boys gave me the explanation: “Actually, the extraordinary close relationship was founded