2019年6月英语六级(第3套)

2019年6月英语六级（第3套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness - without the need for expensive 28 .

Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful“Liberty ships”was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.

Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.

Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.

The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.

Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight - by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

A) abruptly B) additives C) approach D) ardently

E) besieged F) channel G) comparable H) components

I) cracked J) fractures K) hollow L) relevant

M) reshuffled N) strived O) violent

Section B

The future of personal satellite technology is here - are we ready for it?

A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones (无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.

B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However, as the cost of

getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer“Can we?”but“Should we?”What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as“professionals”? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.

C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The“Cube”here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerly“wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.

D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.

E) Because they're so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.

F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.

G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.

H) Currently, there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the“creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”

I) CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some“expert amateurs”in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.

J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting“amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open.source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.

K) However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of“self-governance”is possibl e within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?

L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.

M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.

36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.

37. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.

38. The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.

39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.

40. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.

41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.

42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.

43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles.

44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.

45. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.

Section C Passage One Questions 46 to 50

When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.

Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.

In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.

Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.

As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出).

The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals’ sense of self-worth.

Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one’s focus on task resol ution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I’ll take it anyway.

46. What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?

A) Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated.

B) Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.

C) Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.

D) Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected.

47. What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?

A) Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.

B) Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate.

C) Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality.

D) Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere.

48. What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?

A) They should be cultivated. B) They are virtually irrelevant.

C) They are vital to corporate culture. D) They should be reasonably intimate.

49. What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?

A) They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions.

B) They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues.

C) They are Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships.

D) They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues.

50. What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?

A) They provide fun at Work. B) They help control emotions.

C) They help resolve differences. D) They improve Work efficiency.

Passage Two

In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an “irrational” response.

One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous drivin g a reality. According to a report, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 krn, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.

Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go (围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I

worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He’ll never calculate faster, never drive better, or eve n fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: What’s so special about us? It can’t be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.

Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren’t, we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.

51. What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI?

A) Computers are performing lots of creative tasks.

B) Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings.

C) Computers may become more rational than humans.

D) Many human skills are fast becoming outdated.

52. What impresses the author most in the field of AI?

A) Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention.

B) Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year.

C) Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time.

D) Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving.

53. What do we learn from the passage about creativity?

A) It is rational. B) It is predictable.

C) It is human specific. D) It is yet to be emulated by AI.

54. What should schools help children do in the era of AI?

A) Cultivate original thinking. B) Learn to work independently.

C) Compete with smart machines. D) Understand how AI works.

55. How can we humans justify our future existence?

A) By constantly outsmarting computers. B) By adopting a long-term perspective.

C) By rationally compromising with AI. D) By providing value with our creativity.

26-30AJBEI 31-35NCGHK 36-40MCBEK 41-45FLGDJ

一个人重新工作后的感受

46D building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected 47A inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity

48B they are virtually irrelevant

49C they are unwilling to make efforts to maintain workplace relationships

50D they improve work efficiency

经过十年的单独自雇，几年前我重新进入全职员工队伍时，有一件事我最期待：有机会再次有工作的朋友。直到我进入企业界，我才意识到，至少对我而言，与同事成为朋友并没有成为优先事项。当你考虑到学者和培训师和管理者普遍强调在工作中培养密切的人际关系的重要性时，这是令人惊讶的。如此多的研究探索了合议关系如何帮助克服影响生产力和工作产出质量的一系列工作场所问题，如基于团队的冲突，嫉妒，破坏，愤怒等等。

也许我对午餐，水冷八卦以及关怀，深刻和有意义的对话的期望是我最后一次进入那种办公环境的遗产。现在，当我接近第四个十年结束时，我意识到工作可以完全发挥作用，完全实现，而不需要与坐在你旁边的人成为最好的伙伴。

在刚刚发表在深受尊重的管理期刊上的学术分析中，研究人员研究了“冷漠关系”的概念。这是一个简单的术语，包含（概括）这样一个事实，即工作中的关系可以合理地是非亲密的，无关紧要的，不重要的，甚至，我敢说，一次性或可替代的。

冷漠的关系既不是积极的，也不是消极的。到目前为止进行的有限研究表明，他们在那些重视独立而不是合作，和谐而不是对抗的人中尤为突出。冷漠也是社交懒惰者的首选。长期维持关系需要付出努力。对于我们中的一些人来说，太多的努力。

如上所述，无关紧要的关系可能并不总是解决工作中出现的一些问题的最有用的方法。但是，有一些经验证明的好处。其中之一就是效率。聊天和社交的时间减少意味着更多的时间工作和搅拌。

另一个是自尊。作为人类，我们已经准备好在一个引起焦虑的现象中相互比较。显然，我们比朋友更瞧不起熟人。由于前者在倾向于冷漠关系的人群中最为常见，因此他们的优势可以增强个人的自我价值感。

除了自我之外，第三个优势是，发现冷漠关系的情感中立性可以增强批判性评价，加强对任务解决的关注，并获得更多有价值的信息。这些都不像下班后的社交活动那么有趣，但是，嘿，无论如何我都会接受它。

AI的发展

51B many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings

52C Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time

53D it is yet to be emulated by AI

54A cultivate original thinking

55D by providing value with our creativity

几十年来，人工智能（AI）将超越我们认为让我们与众不同的许多能力。这对我们这个时代来说是一个巨大的挑战，它可能需要“非理性”的回应。

2017年初美国最重要的新闻之一是谷歌努力实现自动驾驶。根据一份报告，谷歌的自动驾驶汽车时钟为1,023,330千万卢比，需要人工干预124次。这是每8,047公里自动驾驶的一次干预。但更令人印象深刻的是一年内取得的进展：人类干预措施从每千里英里的0.8倍降至0.2，即400％的改善。随着这样的进步，谷歌的汽车将在今年晚些时候轻松超越我自己的驾驶能力。

驾驶一次似乎是一种非常人性化的技能。但我们也谈过国际象棋。然后一台计算机反复击败人类世界冠军。棋盘游戏Go（围棋）在2016年接手国际象棋作为人类思维的新考验，当时一台电脑击败了世界领先的职业围棋选手之一。随着计算机征服曾经是人类的深层任务，未来成为人类意味着什么？我担心我六岁的儿子。在一个又一个地区机器击败我们的世界里，他的位置会是什么？他永远不会计算得更快，从不开车更好，甚至更安全地飞行。实际上，这一切都归结为一个相当简单的问题：

我们有什么特别之处？它不可能像算术这样的技能，哪些机器已经擅长。到目前为止，机器很难模仿创造力，任意不足以被计算机预测，而不仅仅是简单的随机性。

也许，如果我们继续改进信息处理机器，我们很快就会有有用的理性助手。因此，我们必须旨在补充机器的合理性，而不是与之竞争。如果我是对的，我们应该培养创造精神，因为一些不合逻辑的创造力将补充机器的合理性。然而不幸的是，我们的教育系统还没有赶上即将到来的现实。实际上，我们的学校和大学的结构是塑造学生，使他们成为理性的服从者，并培养与过时机器互动的过时技能。我们需要帮助我们的孩子学习如何最好地使用智能计算机来改善人类的决策。但最重要的是我们需要牢记长远的观点：即使计算机会超越我们，我们仍然可以是最有创意的。因为如果我们不这样做，我们就不会在未来的生态系统中提供很多价值，这可能会对我们存在的基础产生疑问。

作文

本篇作文属于话题类作文，要求我们就团队精神及沟通在工作中的重要性写一篇作文。像这类话题类作文，我们可以在第一段引出这个话题，并表明自己的态度。然后在第二段具体论证团队精神和沟通在工作中的重要性，我们可以分一下领域，比如工作相关的问题本身，员工个人能力，工作氛围等，来论证团队合作和沟通对工作的重要性，最后在第三段进行总结，并把第二段中论证的三个优点整理并简要提及即可。

One of the problems both people and corporation face today is self-isolation and information loss, and many feel there is a great need for team spirit and communication. I believe that working together and communicating with each other offer the best solution to the world’s pressing matters.

Firstly, team spirit and communication help to deal with information loss. A group share information by working together and communication. Among all the touching facts relating to this topic, the most impressive one is Bill Gates and Allen. Without teamwork and communication, how could it be possible for Microsoft corporation to achieve success? Second, team spirit and communication are beneficial to staff who do not have opportunity to speak all day long staring at the PC. Working with others gives them a chance to speak and prevent their speaking skills from deteriorate. More importantly, team spirit and communication help to create an amicable working atmosphere. By consulting problems with others, the moderate and friendly atmosphere is thus created.

Overall, team spirit and communication is beneficial in that they eliminate barriers to information loss, and improve the relationship between colleagues as well as the working atmosphere. Team spirit and communication are therefore an essential measure, the effects of which will be felt far and wide.

钢铁因其可靠性而受到重视，但在寒冷时则不然。大多数形式的钢26在低于约-25℃的温度下变脆（脆的），除非它们与其他金属混合。然而，现在已经开发出一种新型钢，可以在更低的温度下抵抗27，同时保持其强度和韧性 - 无需昂贵的28。

钢铁在低温下的脆弱性首先成为第二次世界大战期间的一个主要问题。在德国U-boat用鱼雷攻击了许多英国船只之后，引进了一艘2700多艘廉价而开朗的“自由舰”舰队来取代丢失的船只，为29英国船只提供了生命线。但是在冰冷的北大西洋上有数百艘船的钢壳30，并且有12艘船倒塌而沉没。

在寒冷条件下建造钢结构时，例如北极的石油钻井平台，脆性仍然是一个问题。因此，科学家们通过将其与昂贵的金属（如镍）混合来找到解决方案。

日本的Yuuji Kimura及其同事尝试了更多的物理32而不是添加其他金属，他们开发了一个复杂的机械过程，包括反复加热和非常严重的机械变形，称为温度变形。

所得到的钢似乎实现了强度和韧性的组合，其与合金含量非常丰富的现代钢的强度和韧性相比为33，因此非常昂贵。

Kimura的团队打算使用其锻钢来制造超高强度零件，例如螺栓。他们希望减少建筑工程所需的3 4个数量和重量 - 例如用35个管替换固体支撑。这可以减少制造从汽车到建筑物和桥梁的所有东西所需的钢材量。

2015年6月大学英语六级真题及答案(第三套)

2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ’’You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least l50 words but no more than 200 words. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or, more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet, with a single line through the centre. 注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1．A. The man might be able to play in the World Cup. B. The man’s football career seems to be at an end. C. The man was operated on a few weeks. D. The man is a fan of world famous football players. 2．A. Work out a plan to tighten his budget. B. Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria. C. Apply for a senior position in the restaurant. D. Solve his problem by doing a part time job. 3．A.A financial burden. B. A good companion. C. A real nuisance. D.A well trained pet. 4．A. The errors will be corrected soon. B. The woman was mistaken herself. C. The computing system is too complex. D. He has called the woman several times. 5．A. He needs help to retrieve his files. B. He has to type his paper once more. C. He needs some time to polish his paper. D. He will be away for a two-week conference. 6．A. They might have to change their plan. B. He has got everything set for their trip. C. He has a heavier workload than the woman. D. They could stay in the mountains until June 8. 7．A. They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan. B. They can find the application forms in the brochure. C. They are not eligible for a student loan. D. They are not late for a loan application.

2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级完形填空真题及答案【9套卷全】

For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene （卫生）. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E

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2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套) Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9.A.Touch his heart. B.Make him cry. C.Remind him of his life. D.Make him feel young. 10. A.He is good at singing operas. B.He enjoys complicated music: C.He can sing any song if he likes it. D.He loves country music in particular. 11. A.Go to a bar and drink for hours. B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues. C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall. D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.A.How he became an announcer. B.How he writes news stories. C.How he makes his living. D.How he does his job. 13.A.They write the first version of news stories. B.They gather news stories on the spot. C.They polish incoming news stories. D.They write comments on major news stories. 14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time. B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air. C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time. D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly. 15.A.It shows where advertisements come in. B.It gives a signal for him to slow down. C.It alerts him to something important. D.It serves as a reminder of sad news. Section B Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children. B.It is often carried around by small children. C.It can be found in many parts of the world. D.It was invented by an American Indian. 17. A.They were made for earning a living. B.They were delicate geometric figures. C.They were small circus figures made of wire. D.They were collected by a number of museums. 18.A.In art. B.In geometry. C.In engineering.

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that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a un dergraduate. However, now the company interviewers generally prefer to required a even h igher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. Otherwise, the applicants, even though h e or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly. As far as I am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. As for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. Now the whole comm unity often talk about working ability and efficiency. For example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. So both the individual a nd the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. We should rea lize that it is the operational Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was sai d. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question t here will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans wer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Question 1 A.At a grocery B.In a parking lot

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