Unit 3 Generation Gap

1,location: n. a place or position

This is a suitable location for a camp

目击者向警察指出事故的确切地点。

Witnesses showed the police the exact location of the accident.

embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamed

It embarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people.

I don’t like making speeches in public. It’s so embarrassing.

I was really embarrassed when I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.2,dumb: adj.

foolish

That was a dumb thing to do.

He was so dumb that he left his keys at home again.

unable to speak

The terrible news struck us all dumb

他生来不能说话，但是他设法找到一个好工作。

He was born dumb, but he has still managed to get a good job.3,in unison: acting in the same way at the same time

All the babies cried in unison.

国际社会准备一致反对恐怖主义。

The international community is ready to work in unison against terrorism.4,consist of: be made up of

The city of New York consists of five boroughs.

The committee consists of scientists and engineers.

consist in等于；在于5,consist, compose, comprise & constitute

这几个词都是动词，都有“组成”的意思。

consist 是个不及物动词，与介词of一起连用，不可用于被动语态。consist的主语表示事物的整体，of后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

水由氢和氧组成。

North America consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

北美洲包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥。

compose 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中正好相反。The United States, Canada, and Mexico compose North America.

美国、加拿大和墨西哥合起来构成北美洲。

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

水由氢和氧组成。

comprise 用作及物动词，有两种用法：传统规则认为其主语应当为事物的整体，宾语应当为事物的组成部分，词义为“由……组成，由……构成”；另一种趋势是用comprise表达“组成，构成”的意思，此时其主语为事物的组成部分，宾语为事物的整体。

North America comprises the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

北美洲包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥。

Ten stories comprise the book.

十个故事组成了这本书。

constitute 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。

The United States, Canada, and Mexico constitute North America.

美国、加拿大和墨西哥合起来构成北美洲。

Seven days constitute a week. 七天为一周。6, typical: having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing 有代表性的，典型的

--The view that you should never spend more than you earn is fairly typical of people of their generation.7, assure: vt. Promise, guarantee 向某人保证，使确信

--Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.

fade: vi.

lose color or brightness

The wallpaper has faded.

disappear slowly

The sound of thunder faded away into the distance.

随着天气越来越冷，他早锻炼的热情逐渐消失了。

Her enthusiasm for early-morning exercises faded as the weather was getting colder and colder. fade away逐渐消失fade out逐渐消失；淡出

overall:

adv. in general

Overall, prices are still rising.

Overall, I like her, despite her faults.

adj. including everything; total (only before noun)

The overall length of the fish is 3 feet 5 inches.

trade for: exchange (sth.) for (sth. else

They traded their clothes for food

农民用农产品换工具和钱。

The farmers traded farm produce for tools and money.L45-46:I’m sure he’s a good worker but a typical teenager, if you know what I mean.

1. What did Father mean by saying this?

2. What was the manager’s response?

--Father was proud of his son as he thought his son would work well, but he was a little worried that his son was a boy and he might make some mistakes in his work.

--As a young man, the manager didn’t understand a father’s feeling, and showed no interests. 我肯定他是一把干活的好手，可他也跟其他孩子一个样，明白我的意思吗？L48-51:And I assure you that if there are any subjects that need to be addressed, Sean and I will have a man-to-man talk.

1. What is a man-to-man talk?

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

--A talk that takes place between two men, especially two men who need to discuss a serious personal matter.

--你放心，要是有什么问题需要解决的话，我和肖恩会开诚布公地谈一谈的。L68-70: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldn’t be so bad. Overall, I wouldn’t want to trade my dad for anyone else’s.

1,What can you infer from the sentence?

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Father was always meddling with his children’s affairs, and the children disliked it. However, the children loved Father and if he interfered with their affairs only once in a while, they could bear it.

这类事要是偶尔发生一两次，那到也没什么。总的来说，我是不肯把自己的老爸跟别人的老爸换的。Scene 2( L 75~194)Setting: The Thompson family dining room

In the Thompson family dinning room, Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom

Characters：

Father

Diane

Mother

Heidi

Sean

Words for Scene 2: keep sb in suspense / interrupt / bet / glorious / dessert / hand down / at any rate / community / welfare / narrow down / exhaust / repeatedly / come over / swallow / jut out / frank / know better than (that/ to do sth) / interference / constantUseful expressions:

8.围坐在餐桌旁8,be seated around the dinning room table 9.使产生悬念9, keep in suspense 10.传下来10, hand down11.无论如何11, at any rate 12.世界和平12, global peace 13.减少；缩小13, narrow down 14.转向某人14, turn to sb. 15.影响；刺激15,come over16.优秀生16, an honor student17.整天提心吊胆17, live in constant dread 1，keep in suspense: delay telling (sb.) what they are eager to know

观众的悬念一直持续到剧终。

The audience is kept in suspense to the very end of the play.

break the suspense消除悬念

hold sb. in suspense使某人处于悬念之中

be in suspense over对……悬疑不安

2，bet:

1)vi. be sure I bet she was late for the meeting on purpose.

2. v. risk (money) on the result of a future event

I bet on the wrong horse. It lost the race. 3，hysterical adj 歇斯底里的

--Father grew almost hysterical,” That bstamp was handed down by your grandfat her, and its worth a fortune at the moment. You should have known better than to trade for a few drinks!”4, glorious adj. Wonderful; splendid; having or deservinggreat fame and honor. 极好的，辉煌的，光荣的

--Look at the glorious colors on the sky.

--William Byrd composed many pieces of music, but his Latin church music is considered his most glorious work.5,hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or come later

她有一些珠宝，是从她祖母那儿传下来的。

She had some jewelry, which had been handed down from her grandmother.

Collocation:

hand in 上交；交给hand on 传递；依次传下去hand out 分给；分发

hand over交出；移交6,at any rate: whatever may happen; in any case

?At any rate, you survived the car accident

Collocation:

birth rate

first-rate

at this / that rate这样/那样的话；照这样/那样的情形

rate of exchange汇率

speed, rate & pace

这几个词都是名词，都有“速度”的意思。

speed一般指单位时间内所运动的距离

He drove at a speed of 70 miles per hour.

rate指比率、率，如速度、出生率、入学率等。指速度时可与speed换用。She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.

她每分钟能阅读100个单词

pace主要指行走、跑步等的步速，也可指生活、生长、进展等方面的速度、进度等。

工作进展很慢。The work progressed at a slow pace. 7, community n. The people living in one place, district,or country, considered as a whole 社区，社会

--He liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents inn the community to fall asleep.8, welfare: n. 福利；幸福

--Sam not only lost his job but also both legs, he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.9, narrow down: make (a list of things) smaller

The answer to the question was narrowed down to two choices.

一百多位申请者将会被减少成仅仅五位候选人。

Over a hundred applicants will be narrowed down to a short list of five candidates.

narrow down to10,exhaust: vt.

1) make (sb.) very tired, either physically or mentally

What an exhausting day!

Four hours’ work almost exhausted her.

Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.

2) use up completely

They have exhausted the supply of oxygen.

What will we do if we exhaust our reserves of oil?

tired, exhausted & worn out

这几个词都是形容词，都有“累、疲惫”的意思。

tired 为常见词，但本身没有指明精力的削减程度。

He became tired from hours’ reading

他阅读了几小时，感到疲倦。

exhausted 指体力、精力的完全损耗，难以恢复或需要较长时间才可恢复。

He returned at last, too exhausted to eat anything.

他终于回来了，累得吃不下任何东西。

worn out 指过度使用而失去价值或功效。

He divorced his wife because he was worn out from listening to her constant complaints.

听妻子不停地抱怨而厌烦，他为此和她离婚了。11, repeatedly: adv. again and again

我们反复要求员工不允许在办公室吸烟。

We have repeatedly requested that staff should not be allowed to smoke in the office.12, come over (of a strong feeling) take hold of sb. Suddenly

某种感觉突然影响某人

--You quit that respectanle , well- paid job for this unpromising one? What came over you?13, scheme n. clever plan, esp. to do sth. bad or illegal; a systematic plan for a course of action. 阴谋；诡计；计划

--Harold is always coming up with these dumb schemes for making money that just get us into trouble.14, frank: adj.showing one’s thoughts and feelings openly

If you want my frank opinion, I don’t think the plan will succeed.

to be frank with sb.

be frank about sth15, know better than (that / to do sth.)明事理而不至于做某事

He knows better than to judge by appearances.

他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。16，humiliate vt make sb. Feel ashamed or silly esp. in public 羞辱，使丢脸

--Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.17, interference: n.unwanted or unnecessary involvement in sth.

你干涉他的私人事务是没道理的。

Your interference in his private affairs is unreasonable

interference in sth.

interference with sb.18,constant: adj.

1) without stopping

He was in constant pain.

I have had a constant headache for three days.

2) unchanging

She is my constant companion.

产品的价格不是固定的，而是随供求的变化而变化。

The price of the product is not constant but varies with supply and demand.19, dread: n. great fear 畏惧，恐怖

--The result is that we live in constant dread of his interference in our affairs.L103-104：(Through clenched teeth, the words are in a

monotone and evenly spaced.)

--咬紧牙，一字一顿地说。L153: Why back in my day--

--Well, when I was young, we didn’t behave like that.

--It implies a gap between the younger generation and the older generation. L157:Get this over with, more likely.

--It is more likely to get this over with.

--还不如说，是把这份罪受完算了。L190-193：And it’s not just one of us who’ve felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike because:

不止我一个人深受他横加干预之苦。哦，绝非我一个人。我们兄妹三个整天提心吊胆，知道倒霉的事随时可能来临,因为…… Scene 3 ( L 195-238) Setting: An office at a high schhol

In an office at Heidi’s high school, Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to an official about how bright she was.

Roles：Mrs.Higgins;Father;HeidiWords for Scene 3: in charge of / fill out / patient / proof / talent / daring / junior

Useful expressions:

18.负责in charge of 19.填写fill out 20.初中junior high school

*in charge of: having control (over) or responsibility (for)

I am in charge of the department.

on a charge of以……罪名

bring a charge against sb.指控某人

face a charge面临控告

take charge of负责

in one’s charge由某人照管

fill out: complete (a document or form) by supplying required information

Please fill out the application form and signed it at the bottom.

fill in 填入；填上

fill in for sb.临时代替

fill up填满；装满

fill with用……填满

1, patience: n. 耐心，忍耐

They lost their patience eventually and decided on direct interference

2, proof: n. evidence or facts that are sufficient to establish a thing as true or believable

I wouldn’t demand proof of honesty from my friend.

美国研究人员发现证据证明，不吸烟的人与吸烟的人一起工作也能得癌症。Researchers in America have found proof that non-smokers can develop cancer by working with smokers.

3, talented adj. Gifted 有才能的，天才的

He is very proud of his talented son.

4, twist v. 转动，扭动，扭伤

Shocked by what she saw, the mother of the murdered youth twisted her hands, saying over and over that her talented son couldn’t be dead.

5, over and over: repeatedly, many times 一再地；多次6，junior: adj.

1) younger

Jane is several years junior to her husband.

Do you want John Brown Senior or John Brown Junior, the father or the son?

be junior to

Abbrs.: Jr. or jr., used after the name of a person who has the same name as his father, e.g. Tom Brown, Jr.

2) lower in rank than others

他被提升为高级职员之前，做了三年低级职员。

He had been a junior clerk for three years before he was promoted to senior clerk.

Sentence Translation

1.他们不希望国家政府干预。

They didn’t want any interference from the national government.

2.我认为1977年之后就没有出版了；不论怎么说，我指的就是

1977年的版本。

I don’t think there has been an edition since 1977; at any rate that’s the one I’ll be referring to.

3.我不想让他心存悬念，而是很快告诉他已经通过考试。

I did not keep him in suspense, but quickly informed him that he had passed the exam.

4.他们已经将选择缩小到12个地点.

They had narrowed the choice down to a dozen sites.

5.我的祖母把她的一件首饰换成了食物。

My grandmother traded a piece of her jewelry for food. Proverbs and Quotations

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IELTS作文——Generation gap

Generation gap There always has been generation gap since the dawn of civilization. Old people act like a frog in the well. They are fully convinced with their ideas as ultimate and ideal. They ignore certain vital factors that are no longer valid in modern days. There is a great hue and cry raised by the elders and the young both that the communication between them has broken down and they accuse each other for and bemoan this state of affairs. They attribute it to generation gap. Majority in the society carries along with this moroseness and never pauses to think the why and how of the problem. 为什么？？ The elders are more critical of the younger generation with a big inventory of complaints against the young and the young mostly tend to ignore the grumbling, mumbling and occasional loud protestations of the older generation. But now and then they do protest. They resent the petting attitude of the elders. It is generally observed that the old behave like a frog in the well. They are fully convinced that the ideas they have had throughout their lives are the ultimate and ideal. They ignore certain vital factors that are no longer valid in the case of the modernity. There always has been generation gap since the dawn of civilization. The young have always deviated from the older standards and it was well that they did or there wouldn’t have been any progress today. The younger generation naturally differs in dress, food, habits etc, as all these were not available to the older generation. These changes are indicative of progress. With the passage of time when the society, right from the basic unit of the family through society and the entire humanity, is changing, how can the new generation be asked to stagnate or move bac kward to the ancestors’ way of life? In the olden days, in the Indian society the arranged marriage took place first and love between husband and the wife were thought to be a natural development. The moral standards differed in consonance with the contemporary situation, as human society is essentially a utilitarian one. The elders couldn’t have visualized what was to come in their lifetime i.e. live-in relationship, one night stand, car key pooling and fishing and things that are yet to come out in the open. It will be generally agreed that most fathers want their offspring to adopt the same profession that they themselves followed without giving due weight to the aptitude of the offspring. This causes tension between the elders and the children. The younger generation is more intellectually evolved than the preceding one. But the ego of the older people does not permit them to accept

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如何提高小学生英语单词的拼写能力 作为一名从事小学英语教学10年的一线教师，最高兴的事，不是获得“评优课”一等奖，不是被评为“优秀教师”，或是…，最惬意的事情是看到自己的学生兴奋的眼神中闪烁着求知的欲望，快乐的笑脸上洋溢着自信的骄傲。但从以往小学3至6年级的教学经验中，我深刻的感受到部分学生学习英语的变化---开始，大部分学生对英语很感兴趣，乐学乐说乐唱乐演，学生之间几乎没有差距。中间，部分学生困挠、烦恼、无精打采、不知所措，两级分化在逐渐加大。最后，小部分学生放弃学好英语的打算，厌烦、抵触、自抱自弃。那么，作为一线教师，我同时也感觉到，大部分英语教师都喜欢教低年级段的学生，上课氛围良好，配合默契，学生发言积极，老师心情也舒畅。相反，高年级的英语课堂较难管理，气氛要么混乱，要么冷清，老师自感一节课上下来很累，心情不悦。 那么，为什么会有这么大的变化？究竟是什么让一部分小学生就已经对英语学习这么不感兴趣，甚至厌烦了呢？那么问题主要出在哪了呢？ 首先，作为教师，每节课都是精心准备的，课件制作精良，环节设计用心，情境创设真实，游戏运用丰富。教师是真心的希望通过用心的设计和准备让每个学生都真正走进课堂，都爱上英语学习。 其次，作为学生，从刚开始的热情饱满和中间的努力挣扎，可见，他们也是非常想学好英语，以学好英语为豪的。而且，也付出了一定的努力，花费了很多的课外时间。 最后，作为家长，都意识到了学习英语的重要性和必要性，都在督促和帮助孩子学习英语，比如，每天监督孩子完成英语作业并签字，还有的家长花费很多，给孩子报了课外辅导班或请了家教。 那么，为什么有了这么用心的教师，这么上进的学生，和这么负责任的家长，有一部分学生的英语成绩仍然很低，更可怕的是越来越反感、惧怕、抵触英语学习呢？ 在排除以上三种情况后，再思前想后的来找问题的原因何在时，已经赫然醒目了！随着孩子年龄的增长，智商的提高，英语知识也在逐渐的加深，这包括语法的出现，课文的变长，词汇量变多，考题的加难，但这些都是符合孩子生长和学习规律的，而且对大部分学生来说只要用心，努力，就能轻而易举的接受掌握，不会是太大的压力和负担。那么，四会单词（听说读写）的增多增长增难，才是很多学生发愁为难的地方。很多学生，到了四年级出现四会单词后，经常出现背了忘，忘了背的现象; 到了五年级，很多单词的拼写丢三落四，颠三倒四; 到了六年级，试卷上就会出现很多单词拼写空白的现象。话说回来，就是因为单词的拼写难住了很多学生，阻挡了很多学生学习英语的道路，扼杀了学习英语的兴趣。

2014版大学物理教材课后习题答案

P31 第一章 习题答案 3. 一质点沿x 轴运动，其加速度a 与位置坐标x 的关系为 a ＝2＋6 x 2 (SI) 如果质点在原点处的速度为零，试求其在任意位置处的速度． 解：设质点在x 处的速度为v ， 62d d d d d d 2x t x x t a +=?== v v ()x x x d 62d 0 2 ?? += v v v () 2 2 1 3 x x +=v 4.有一质点沿x 轴作直线运动，t 时刻的坐标为x = 4.5 t 2 – 2 t 3 (SI) ．试求： (1) 第2秒内的平均速度； (2) 第2秒末的瞬时速度； (3) 第2秒内的路程． 解：(1) 5.0/-==??t x v m/s (2) v = d x /d t = 9t - 6t 2 v (2) =-6 m/s (3) S = |x (1.5)-x (1)| + |x (2)-x (1.5)| = 2.25 m 5. 一质点沿半径为R 的圆周运动．质点所经过的弧长与时间的关系为2 2 1ct bt S + = 其中b 、c 是大于零的常量，求从0=t 开始到切向加速度与法向加速度大小相等时所经历的时间． 解： ct b t S +==d /d v c t a t ==d /d v ()R ct b a n /2 += 根据题意： a t = a n 即 ()R ct b c /2 += 解得 c b c R t -= 6.由楼窗口以水平初速度0v 射出一发子弹，取枪口为原点，沿0v 方向为x 轴，竖直向下为y 轴，并取发射时刻t 为0，试求： (1) 子弹在任一时刻t 的位置坐标及轨迹方程； (2) 子弹在t 时刻的速度，切向加速度和法向加速度． 解：(1) 2 02 1gt y t x = = , v 202/2 1v g x y = (2) v x = v 0，v y = g t ，速度大小为： 2 22 02 2 t g y x +=+=v v v v 方向为：与x 轴夹角 θ = tg -1( gt /v 0) 222 02//d d t g t g t a t +==v v 与v 同向．

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形成代沟的原因(The Causes of the Generation Gap) Parents say that children do not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents do not understand them. This phenomenon is often referred to as the generation gap. What then are the causes of the generation gap?One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their way of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. In modern society, young people often travel a great distance for their education, move out of the family at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.in the easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money; and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong desire that parents have for their children are another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in modern society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in modern society, the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a future of our life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.

小学英语单词自然拼读法教学文稿

小学英语单词自然拼 读法

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武汉科技大学ACCESS教材习题答案习题3答案

习题3 一、选择题 1．在Access中，在数据表视图下显示表时，记录行左侧标记的黑色三角形表示该记录是（ C ）。 A．首记录B．末尾记录C．当前记录D．新记录 2．在Access中，对数据表的结构进行操作，应在（B）视图下进行。 A．文件夹B．设计C．数据表 D．网页 3．在Access中，对数据表进行修改，以下各操作在数据表视图和设计视图下都可以进行的是（B）。 A．修改字段类型B．重命名字段C．修改记录D．删除记录4．关系数据库中的关键字是指（D）。 A．能唯一决定关系的字段B．不可改动的专用保留字 C．关键的很重要的字段D．能唯一标识元组的属性或属性集合 5．有关字段属性，下面说法中错误的是（B）。 A．字段大小可用于设置文本、数字或自动编号等类型字段的最大容量

B．可以对任何类型的字段设置默认值属性 C．有效性规则属性是用于限制此字段输入值的表达式 D．不同的字段类型，其字段属性有所不同 6．下列关于获取外部数据的说法中，错误的是（D）。 A．导入表后，在Access中修改、删除记录等操作不影响原来的数据文件 B．链接表后，在Access中对数据所做的更改都会影响到原数据文件 C．在Access中可以导入Excel表、其他Access数据库中的表和FoxPro数据库文件 D．链接表后形成的表其图标和用Access向导生成的表的图标是一样的 7．一个字段由（D）组成。 A．字段名称B．数据类型C．字段属性D．以上都是 8．使用表设计器定义表中的字段时，不是必须设置的内容是（ C ）。 A．字段名称B．数据类型C．说明 D．字段属性 9．如果想在已建立的表的数据视图中直接显示出姓“李”的记录，应使用Access提供的（A ）。 A．筛选功能B．排序功能C．查询功能

小学英语单词(自然拼读整理)

自然拼读词汇 一．a e i o u 的短音 Aa: a n a m a t f a t h a s a nd b a g c a p c a t h a t f a t s a d h a d r a n p a n c a n m a n b a ck th a t th a nk h a ppy st a nd bl a ck p a nda f a mily dr a gon a pple h a ve M a ths a nimal gr a ndma gr a ndpa bl a ckboard ban a na a pple p a rrot a nimal c a rry r a ng st a nd m a tter c a tch Ee: leg g e t b e d y e s r e d t e n h e lp h e llo d e sk s e ven el e ven tw e lve p e n p e ncil e lephant t e nnis pr e sent dr e ss w e st Ii: i s i t i n h i s s i x b i t c i ty th i s b i g sh i p th i n sk i p f i sh m i lk s i n g g i ve w i ndy an i mal sw i m d i nner w i nter an i mal b i scuit c h i ldren

chopst i cks d i ff i cult dr i nk dumpl i ng f i fteen f i fty h i ll k i d l i sten l i ttle l i ve p i cture P i nk s i xteen s i xty sw i m v i sit w i n w i nner s i t g i ve w i nd w i th sk i p m i ss ch i ck f i n i sh f i nger fam i ly s i ster pol i cemen Oo: o x o n o f n o t d o g o n h o t g o t b o x d o ll d o ctor b o dy s o ng p o p pr o ject st o p o range cl o ck fr o g fr o m l o st s o rry b o x h o t l o st dr o p cr o ss b o ttle c o ffee sh o pping Uu： u p b u s m u m b u mp l u nch s u mmer s u nny u nder r u n r u nning l u ck d u mpling h u ndred h u ngry j u mp j u mping m u ch m u m j u st h u rry

数据库原理与应用课后答案 清华大学出版社教材

第一章 2．简述数据、数据库、数据库管理系统、数据库应用系统的概念。 答：①数据是描述事物的符号记录，是信息的载体，是信息的具体表现形式。 ②数据库就是存放数据的仓库，是将数据按一定的数据模型组织、描述和存储，能够自动进行查询和修改的数据集合。 ③数据库管理系统是数据库系统的核心，是为数据库的建立、使用和维护而配置的软件。它建立在操作系统的基础上，位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件，它为用户或应用程序提供访问数据库的方法，包括数据库的创建、查询、更新及各种数据控制等。 ④凡使用数据库技术管理其数据的系统都称为数据库应用系统。 3．简述数据库管理系统的功能。 答：数据库管理系统是数据库系统的核心软件，一般说来，其功能主要包括以下5个方面。 (1) 数据定义和操纵功能

(2) 数据库运行控制功能 (3) 数据库的组织、存储和管理 (4) 建立和维护数据库 (5) 数据通信接口 4．简述数据库的三级模式和两级映像。 答：为了保障数据与程序之间的独立性，使用户能以简单的逻辑结构操作数据而无需考虑数据的物理结构，简化了应用程序的编制和程序员的负担，增强系统的可靠性。通常DBMS将数据库的体系结构分为三级模式：外模式、模式和内模式。 模式也称概念模式或逻辑模式，是对数据库中全部数据的逻辑结构和特征的描述，是所有用户的公共数据视图。 外模式也称子模式或用户模式，它是对数据库用户能够看见和使用的局部数据的逻辑结构和特征的描述。 内模式也称存储模式或物理模式，是对数据物理结构和存储方式的描述，是数据在数据库内部的表示方式，一个数据库只有一个内模式。 三级模式结构之间差别往往很大，为了实现这3个抽

Generation Gap-代沟(大学英语作文)

Generation Gap-代沟 大学英语作文 The generation gap refers to the difference in attitude toward thing or the lack of understanding between young people and older folks. In families as well as in society, the young and the older may not agree with each other on this and that from time to time. Young people would llke to make as much money as they could and spend as much money as they could earn while older folks are easily satisfied with what they earn and save as much as possible. Young people llke the exciting and deafening pop music while older folks prefer melodious folk-songs or classic music. A boy and a glrl today may fall in love with each other as quick as lightning, while their parents or grand parents might trudge over a long distance before they kissed each other and became lovers when they were young. However, we should not be amazed at the generation gap,for it is quite natural in the development of society. The world is a changing world, in which everything keeps changing, generations of human beings included. And changes lead to progress.