英语,期中
UNIT 4 BOOK 3 Career Planning New College English
Vocabulary Exercise
I. Directions: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The hero's funeral is the most __________ scene in the play.
A. domineering B. conforming C. conflicting D. striking
2. Try _________ the shoes to see if they fit.
A. out B. on C. out for D. for
3. The nurses do all they can to make the patients feel __________.
A. at stake B. at ease C. at hand D. at random
4. The trip to the museum has been _________ until Thursday 11th March.
A. lengthened B. postponed C. prolonged D. cancelled
5. I'm sure Harry will remember, but why not give him a ring __________ he forgets?
A. in the case B. in case of C. in case D. in the case of
6. He seemed very young, but __________ he was older than all of us.
A. in nature B. in reality C. by nature D. in origin
7. The talks had been __________ but much remained to be done.
A. fruitful B. effective C. advantageous D. valid
8. Only under special circumstances __________ to take make-up tests.
A. freshmen are permitted B. are freshmen permitted
C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen
9. People have little information on the __________ of air pollution near the factory.
A. extent B. range C. grade D. limit
10. We are in __________ of extra pay for extra work.
A. favor B. general C. view D. terms
11. There were no tickets __________ for Friday's concert.
A. achievable B. accessible C. available D. acceptable
12. It's impossible to __________ exactly how our reactions will affect the future.
A. expect B. assess C. foresee D. guess
13. This middle school is __________ to a key university.
A. attained B. attacked C. attached D. attracted
14. Farmers will have a bumper (特大的) harvest, __________ that the whether is favorable.
A. consuming B. assuming C. assuring D. resuming
15. This might explain the __________ feeling I have long had about pop music.
A. intuitive B. instructive C. inventive D. incentive
II. Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the words in brackets.
1. Please try to be more _________________ and help us when you are asked. (cooperate)
2. He made a polite _____________________________ that he was going to leave. (imply)
3. Paul is amazingly ____________________ in trying to get Gina to go out with him. (persist)
4. It's a(n) _____________________ sort of a house with books and papers lying around everywhere. (order)
5. He finally found a job as a (n) _________________ in a joint venture (合资企业). (account)
6. No one has yet come up with a satisfactory _____________________ of terrorism. (define)
7. This problem should be discussed first, as it takes _________________ over all the others. (precede)
8. Mr. Brown is a(n) ___________________ pianist, and gives concerts all over the world. (accomplish)
9. Young people were in the ________________________ at this meeting. (major)
10. Are your opinions _____________________ of the views of all the students? (represent)
11. Jan is a(n) _________________________ campaigner (活动家) for animal rights. (energy)
12. Bill's _____________________ approach to problem-solving works with machines but not people. (system)
13. Our school purchased a lot of new ___________________________ equipment. (science)
14. Government ____________________ are going through the financial records. (investigate)
III. Directions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.
1. The bullet struck his head and he was killed _____________ the spot.
2. They are saving ______________ for their wedding next year.
3. Don't worry, we have plenty of time to talk it _______________ .
4. She has a real aptitude ___________________ singing and dancing.
5. Only 3% of the blacks were registered voters _______________ 97% of the white residents.
6. He studied the contract _____________________ detail before signing it.
7. He is seen _________________ the most promising tennis player in the university.
8. Nobody knows when the universe came ______________ being.
9. She volunteered _________________ the job as co-ordinator of the fund-raising campaign.
10. The UN negotiators have worked _______________ a set of compromise proposals.
11. He made _______________ a list of things he should do in the morning.
12. We're trying to pay more attention to the environment _________ general and air pollution ___________ particular.
13. The film is concerned ______________ an ordinary family in the 19th century in a mountainous village.
14. Bob is running ____________________ president of the Student Union.
Keys: I 1—5 D B B B C 6—10 B A B A A 11—15 C C C B A
II. 1. cooperative 2. implication 3. persistent 4. disorderly
5. accountant 6. definition 7. precedence 8. accomplished
9. majority 10.representative 11. energetic 12.systematic
13. scientific 14. investigators
III. 1. on 2.up 3.over 4.for 5.against
6.in 7.as 8.into 9.for 10.out
11.out 12.in/in 13.with 14.for
Unit
Four BIII Career Planning
Part One Ex.1 What are they?
1)film director 2)surgeon
3)flight attendant/stewardess 4)pilot
5)cook/chef 6)conductor
7)lawyer 8)receptionist
9)policeman 10)butcher
11)doctor/physician
12)auto-repairman
13)scientist/research worker
14)nurse
Ex.2 Word Family
job n. （可数名词）职业, 职位
e.g. He has a job in the bank.他在银行里有份工作
(一件)工作e.g. He leaves all the worst jobs for me. 他把最难干的活都留给了我。
职责, 责任e.g. It's a policeman's job to maintain law and order.警察的职责就是维护法制与社会秩序。
e.g. It's a hard job. 这很困难。You’ve done a good job.
career n. (终身的)职业[C]
e.g. He wasn't interested in her stage career. 他对她的演戏职业不感兴趣。
经历;生涯;历程[C]
e.g. He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men. 他觉得了解伟人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
profession n.
1.(尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业[C]
e.g. She intends to make teaching her profession. 她打算以教书为业。
2.同业,同行
e.g. The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教师同行们声称待遇太差。
e.g. He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。
business n.
1.生意,交易;商业;营业;行业[U][C]
e.g. Mr. Jones is in the business of selling cars. 琼斯先生从事汽车销售。
e.g. How is business? 生意如何?
2.商店;商行;公司;企业[C]
e.g. She started a new business in Phoenix not long ago.
不久前她在凤凰城新开了一家公司。
3.职责,本分;分内事;权利[U]
e.g. This is none of your business. 这与你不相干。
4.事,事体,事务[U][S]
e.g. He is there on business.他去那里办事。
trade n.贸易,交易,商业[U]
Japan does lots of trade with the United States. 日本与美国间的贸易频繁。
手艺;职业[C][U]
He is a blacksmith by trade. 他是个铁匠。
work n.工作;劳动;作业;事[U]
It takes a lot of work to dig a deep well. 挖一口深井很费事。
(待做的)工作;功课[U]
I have to bring my work home today. 今天我得把工作带回家做。
labor n. 劳动[U]
All wealth comes ultimately from human labor.
一切财富归根到底来源于人类的劳动。
劳工,劳方[U][G]
The country is short of skilled labor. 这个国家缺乏熟练工人。
工作;活计[C]
He is satisfied with your labors. 他对你干的活儿很满意。
occupation n.工作,职业[C]
He is a bus driver by occupation. 他的职业是公车司机。
task n.任务;工作;作业
The task has been fulfilled. 任务已完成了。
困难的工作;苦差事
She had the difficult task of pulling out all th
e weeds.
她的苦差事是拔除所有的杂草。
Keys:
2. business 3. trade https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a86525650.html,bor 6.work
7.occupation 8.career 9.task
Ex.3 Matching Game
A. 1)job 2)career 3)profession 4)trade
B. 1)pay 2)fee 3)salary wages 4)income
C. 1)job-seeker 2)employer 3)fire 4)interview
In-class Reading: Career Planning
Words and Phrases: acceptable alternative counselor defensive demonstrate dominant estimate ignorance implication insight logically occupation phase pursue resort striking trend undergo at stake in case seize (up)on take stock of
1) Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but that does not describe career decisions. (Line19-21) 当然，对于那些不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但做涉及职业方面的决策时，来不得自满。
2) When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. (Line 23-27) 每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦, 以此来保持平静。
3) They search frantically for career possibilities and seize on hastily invented solutions, overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives. (Line 35-37) 他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会，然后采取匆忙产生的决定，忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果，也忽视了其他的择业机会。
4) Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market.. (Line 60-61) 评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤，这有助于你应对自己要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。
5) Society no longer attaches the stigma of “instability” to the idea of career hopping, as it once did. (Line 71-73) 社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看成是一种“不安分”、可耻的事了。
Language points of In-class Reading passage (Unit4 B3 Career Planning)
1. career, occupation, job, professional occupation, line of work:
e.g. i) Like his father, Tom chose a___________ in the army. (career)
ii) Please fill in the details of your present ____________(occupation).
iii) Teachers, doctors and lawyers are _______________(professional occupations) that requires special training and education.
iv) Because of the recent economic crisis quite a lot of people lost their____________( jobs).
v) He realized that they were in the same ____________(line of work).
2. (Para.2)cite evidence---list proof or facts列出事实 cite---引用,举例;
e.g. The devil can also cite Scripture for his own purpose.魔鬼也能引经据典为自己辩护。
3.(Para.2)unable to express any cho
ice of occupation---cannot say what jobs they should choose
4.(Para.3&Para.9) identify---point out; realize认出，识别，确定，说明身份；cf.identity
e.g. i)Can you identify the man who robbed you?
ii)We couldn’t identify the stray child.
iii)His hoarse voice was quickly identified(His voice quickly identified him).他那沙哑的嗓音让人一听就知道是他。
---identify serious flaws (Para.3)指出严重缺陷
---identify gaps(Para.9)明确不足之处
5.(Para.4)confront---face(v.), meet or deal with (a difficult situation or person)
e.g. i)The president was confronted with the biggest crisis of her political life.
ii)We need to confront theses problems before it is too late.
iii)we have to face the reality.
6.(Para.6)conduct an effective search for alternative careers---有效地寻求各种可能的职业
---conduct investigations
---conduct a meeting/a company
---conduct an experiment
---conduct electricity
7.(Para.8)what you are like—what kind of person you are;
What you value---what you think important
8.(Para.9)organize ideas about—归纳设想或思路
9.(Para.10)talk over something with someone---discuss something with someone探讨，讨论，商量；
10.(Para.10) define your goals---明确目标
e.g. i)Please listen while I define your duties.(规定，明确)
ii)It is hard to define exactly what has changed.（解释清楚）
11.(Para.11)start over---start from the beginning again
12.(Para.12) attach…to…---associate…with;
e.g. i)He attached labels to his luggage.
ii)He attached his horse to a tree.
iii)No suspicion/blame attaches to him.
13.(Para.15) sure ---（作定语）确切的，可靠的，保险的；trustworthy, reliable;
e.g.i)There is no sure remedy for cold.
没有包治感冒的灵丹妙药。
ii)She is a sure friend.
iii)There is no sure way to do…没有万无一失的方法
14.(Para.15)shape---(v.)plan, design;
determine the nature of; make or form;
---shape your career possibilities 打造自己未来的事业
---shape a plan 做出计划
---His attitudes were shaped partly by early experience.他的想法在一定程度上是由他早期的经历决定的。
Post Reading Vocabulary
1. 1) acceptable 2)efficiency
3)implications 4)instability
5)rationalize 6)evaluation
7)foreseeable 8)invention
9)hastily 10)probability
11)professional 12)challenging
13)defensive 14)personality
2. 1)in case 2)Every so often
3)resort to 4)talk over
5)start over 6)in reality
7)at stake 8)seized on
9)leading to 10)take stock of
3. 1)programs 2)way
3)technical 4)both
5)provided 6)who
7)such 8)needed
9)opportunities 10)when
11)to 12)C
ompletion
13)holding 14)early
15)hire 16)promote
17)up 18)educating
Translation
1) He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.
2) We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.
3) I used to enjoy photography, but I now have no time to pursue any hobbies.
4) You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.
5) Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.
6) He says he’ll stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.
7) Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.
8) These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their resumes.
After-class Reading Passage One: Summer Job Planning
Words and Phrases : commute intern/internship option personnel retail senior on the spot
1) If you happen to have a contact such as an editor who might be willing to meet with you, so much the better. ( Line 16-17) 假如你碰巧有个熟人是编辑，而他愿意见你，那样的话敢情更好。
2) It is important at this stage of your life to find a summer job that will enhance your future career. (Line 23) 在人生的这一阶段，找一个能促进未来事业的暑期工作很重要。
3) That aspect has to be weighed against the fact that they might not help your career plans (Line 27-28) 这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划，你必须在这两个方面权衡一下。
4) Naturally if the job is career-oriented, it makes better reading. (Line 29-30) 要是这份工作与将来的事业相关，你的简历看起来自然就更吸引人。
5) By the time I was a senior I knew that I did not want to go into retailing, but it was my hedge against the future. (Line 57-58) 当我读到大四的时候，我知道自己不想从事零售业，但它是我未来谋生的应急手段。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Which Career Is the Right One for You?
Words and Phrases: accountant ambitious analytical bond category concrete consultant conventional cooperative coordination enlighten executive imaginative interior interpersonal persistent sociable systematic figure out in nature straighten out
1) These are mainly skilled trades or technical jobs, usually involving work with tools or machines, frequently called “blue-collar” positions. (Line 8-9) 主要是手艺或技术性职业，通常需要使用工具或机器，常常被称为“蓝领”职务。
2) People who are attracted to realistic jobs are usually robust, practical, physically strong and frequently competitive in outlook. (Line 10-11) 喜爱现实性职业的人往往身体结实、讲求实际、身强体壮、常常怀有积极的人生观。
3) Realistic people tend to see the world in simple, tangible and traditional terms. (Line 18-19) 注重现实的人倾向于用简单、明确
和传统的眼光看世界。
4) The tasks involved in artistic occupations usually involve working with words, music or other art forms. (Line 60-61) 艺术型职业通常包括用语言、音乐或其他艺术形式进行的工作。
5) They like to work in free environments that allow them to express themselves in a wide variety of media-writing, music, drawing, photography—in general, any art form. (Line 69-71) 他们喜欢在自由的环境中工作，使他们能够采用多种不同的媒介，如写作、音乐、绘画、摄影——总而言之，用任何艺术形式——来表现自我。
Part Three Ex.3
List of careers/jobs for reference:
Accountant, actor/actress, animal keeper, architect, artist, astronaut, athlete, auto-repairman, baby-sitter, bank teller, blacksmith, bookkeeper, boxer, bus driver, businessman, cashier, chef/cook, civil servant, cleaner, clerk, coach, computer programmer, conductor, dancer, dentist, designer, diplomat, director, doctor, editor, engineer, farmer, film director, financial analyst, fisherman, flight attendant, gardener, geneticist, grocer, guide, interpreter, lawyer, librarian, mechanic, model, nurse, photographer, pilot, plumber, poet, policeman, politician, porter, postman, professor, reporter, sailor, salesperson, scientist, secretary, shop assistant, singer, soldier, statistician, stock broker, surgeon, tailor, taxi driver, teacher, technician, telephone operator, computer operator/typist, translator, vet, waiter/waitress, worker, writer, etc.
UNIT 3 BOOK 3 Social Problems Vocabulary Exercises
I. Directions: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. In that year, the invaders, _____ with modern weapons, went to the country, _____ to_____ them.
A. arming; hoping; controlling
B. armed; to hope; to be controlled
C. armed; hoping; control
D. arm; to hope; to be controlling
2. Reading the newspaper _____ one of my parents' life habits since they retired.
A. become B. have become C. are becoming D. has become
3. My uncle was made ______ his research work due to his ill health.
A. giving up B. to give up C. given up D. give up
4. Each parent and child _____ asked to attend one of the lectures given by Professor Wang during this term.
A. were B. are C. has D. is
5. He will never _____ the window this afternoon when he was playing football in the front yard.
A. admit to break B. admit to have broken
C. admit having broken D. admit him break
6. She _____ polite at the party last night. But actually she is not the least bit polite.
A. has been B. would be C. were D. was being
7.If he _____ his mother's advice, he _____ be much better now.
A. should have taken; would B. took; would
C. had taken; would D. took; will
8. Last Saturday
Mary _____ for Washington to take part in her grandmother's birthday party.
A. is leaving B. left C. was leaving D. would leave
9. It is the first time that we _____ such an interesting trip since we've been in college.
A. took part in B. take part in
C. will take part in D. have taken part in
10. _____ his support, I think we'll win the election.
A. To give B. Giving C. Given D. Having given
II. Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words from the box. Change the form if necessary.
comfort concern furthermore suppress drug integrate
homemaker compel knowledge meantime respect shame
1. I don't want to go out for a walk; __________________ , I don't have time to do so.
2. The __________________ that he had arrived at the airport safely made his parents very happy.
3. The frequent _________________ of her own feelings has made her rather reserved.
4. Two groups _________________ into one team in order to be stronger.
5. In some countries, women become _______________ after they get married.
6. The conference will begin in an hour; in the ________________ , let's have a cup of tea.
7. It is such a(n)_________________ order that everyone of us must obey it; otherwise, we will be dismissed.
8. His kindness and care gave his mother great _____________________ .
9. The teacher is so ___________________that we are all very _______________ .
10. Juvenile delinquency is often the result of ________________ abuse.
11. She showed a great deal of _________________ about her husband's illness.
12. She felt so sorry for his __________________ behavior at the meeting this morning in front of so many colleagues.
III. Directions: Choose the most appropriate words or phrases to complete the following passage.
Every year there are changes 1)____ (on/in) different parts of the world. Some of these changes are 2)____ (due to/result in) natural causes. 3)____ (Because/However), some climate changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase.
If the pollution 4)____ (effects/affects) the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the results 5)____(are alike to/are likely to) be serious. Carbon dioxide constitutes only a small part of the 6)____ (atmosphere/climate), but it has an important function in 7)____(maintaining/insisting) the balance between radiation 8)____ (to/from) the sun entering the atmosphere and radiation leaving the Earth. Some of the radiation is absorbed by the Earth and some is radiated back into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents some of the radiation 9)____(of/from) leaving the atmosphere. Thus the heat 10)____ (remains/keeps) in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide helps to prevent the temperature of the Earth from falling.
If the 11)____ (rate/proportion) of carbo
n dioxide in the atmosphere is increased as a result of air pollution, the temperature of the atmosphere may 12)____ (rise/fall). This might eventually cause the ice in the North and South Poles to melt. If this 13)____ (happening/happened), the sea level could rise and parts of the Earth 14)____ (would/will) be flooded. The likelihood of this happening is unknown, but the possibility 15)____(exists/existed).
Keys: I. 1-5 C D B D C 6-10 D C B D C
II. 1. furthermore 2. knowledge 3.suppression 4. have been integrated
5.homemaker 6. meantime https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a86525650.html,pelling https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a86525650.html,fort
9.respectable/respectful 10.drug 11.concern 12.shameful
III. 1.in 2.due to 3.However 4.affects 5.are likely to
6.atmosphere 7.maintaining 8.from 9.from 10.remains
11.proportion 12.rise 13.happened 14.would 15.exists
Part Two In-class reading Latchkey Children
Words and Phrases: advisable arise athletic compel/compelling foster fulfillment phenomenon/phenomena priority resentful/resentment secure suppress in case of in the long run work out
Sentences:
1) Partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. (Line 3-5) 母亲们已经不再扮演专职家庭主妇的传统角色，这在一定程度上是出于经济上的需要，一定程度上也是为了 使自己有一种成就感。
2) For some youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void. (Line 23-25)对于某些孩子来说，这是一段属于他们自己的有所作为的时间，而对另一些孩子来说则是令人恐惧、孤独的空虚。
3) These children looked upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. (Line 34-35) 所有这些孩子都把他们放学后的这段自由时间看成是自我发展的机会。
4) Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation. (Line 56-57)考虑到这种现象的现实状况，要提出的应是这样一个问题：如何才能制定一个最佳方案来有效地应对这种局面。
5) Feeing loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that arises in life. (Line 64-66)孩子们感到有人爱护他们，这会赋予他们一种不可估量的情感力量，去成功地应付生活中出现的种种困难。
Additional Exercise: find the English expressions from the text:
1. 生活开支 the cost of living
2. 食品价格 food prices
3. 服装开支 clothing costs
4. 住房开支 housing expenses
5. 学费 tuition fees
6. 个人成就感 personal fulfillment
7. 专职家庭主妇 full-time homemaker
8. 把一天的活动说给…
听 share the day’s activities
9. 年龄6到13岁之间 range in age from six to thirteen
10. 受访者反应不同 those who were interviewed reported diverse reactions
11. 独立意识和责任感 a sense of independence and responsibility
12. 积极的，富有成果的宝贵经历 positive, productive, and valuable experiences
13. 难以承受的负担 an overwhelming burden
14. 一个紧迫的，所有家庭都必须应付的局面a compelling situation with which families must cope
15. 制定一个最佳方案来应付这种局面 work out an optimum plan to deal with the situation
Language points:
1. the cost of living…are constantly getting higher and higher (Para.1)
e.g. Winter is coming. The weather is getting colder and colder.
2. expense (Para.1) n. cost; 花费，费用（不可数）；费用，津贴（可数）p.106
e.g. travelling expenses旅费；selling expenses销售费用；living expenses生活费； public expense公费；household expense家庭支出
Phrases: at the expense of /at sb.’s expense 归…付费/负担;
spare no expense不惜一切代价；
i) It is reported that the city government completed the program at great expense.
据报道，市政府以巨大的代价完成了这项计划。
ii) Our government spared no expense to make the rescue a success.
我国政府不惜一切代价使营救获得成功。
3. on the other hand (Para.2)---另一方面; on the one hand… on the other hand…
e.g. On the one hand, the book is interesting; on the other hand, it is significant in education.一方面,这本书令人感兴趣;另一方面,也很有教育意义
4. benefit (Para.2)---vt.对…有益;使受益 vi. 有益于 be good to n. 益处,好处
e.g. i) Fruits benefit our health.
ii) We may benefit from the reading practice.
iii) We plant trees for the benefit of our children.
5. save (Para.2)---vt. 积攒,积蓄 C.f. save up---省钱以将来之用
e.g. i)It is necessary for mothers to work out to save (money) for their children’s college tuition. 母亲们有必要出去工作是为了积攒孩子们的大学学费。
ii)He is saving up for a new car. 他节约用钱是为了买辆新车。
6. All too often they arrive home exhausted.通常的情况是,她们拖着疲惫的身体回到家exhausted 在句中是过去分词作伴随状语。(Para.3)
e.g. i)The students returned home delighted.学生们回家时兴高采烈。
ii) He came home very much depressed.
iii) He is lying home sick.
6. engage in (Para.3)---参加,从事 ---engage oneself in ---be engaged in 忙于
e.g. He is fully engaged in the work.---He is busy working.
I don’t want to engage in the conversation. 参加
They engaged themselves in the discussion. 参加
7. range in age
from six to thirteen (Para.4) vi.年龄从6岁到13岁不等 (（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区域 n. 变化幅度, 范围
e.g. i)The bags range in price from 5 to 20 yuan.
ii)The prices of the bag range from 5 to 20 yuan.
iii)Several cars are available within this price range.在这个价格范围内, 有好几种汽车可供选购。
8. For some youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void.---对于一些孩子来说,这是一段属于他们自己的有所作为的时间,而对于另一些孩子来说则是一种令人恐惧的、孤独的空虚。(Para.4)
*productive---adj. 有所作为的; 多产的(作家); 作品多的
e.g. He is a productive musician; He writes many pieces of well-known music.
*while---conj. Whereas(Para.6)而(强调两种不同的情况)
e.g. i)The first two services are free, while the third costs $35.前两项服务是免费的,而第三项要收$35。
ii) In 1961 just over 2 percent divorced per 1000, while in 1981 it was 21.---1961年每1000人有2%以上的人离婚,而1981年达到了21%。
iii)Jack is ill, whereas Mary is only a little tired.杰克病了，而玛丽却只是有点疲劳。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a86525650.html,tchkey children who were interviewed reported diverse reactions. (Para.5) 接受采访的挂钥匙的孩子们反应不同。diverse a.---various, different
e.g. i)Their opinions are widely diverse. 他们的意见迥然不同。
ii) Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛。
10….for being made to live in this fashion (Para. 6) cf. make them live in this way
e.g. We saw him go into the pub. Cf. He was seen to go into the pub.被动语态不能省略to
11. to place too much responsibility on them at an early age (Para.6)---将过重的责任赋予年幼的孩子们
e.g. Much importance is placed on the children.---对孩子们十分重视。
No attention has been paid to the problem.---(pay attention to 的被动态)没人注意这个问题。
12.Whatever the reason, it is a compelling situation with which families must cope.---(Para.7)
---No matter what the reason is, it is an urgent situation all families must cope with.
13. be of supreme importance---be supremely important
e.g. be of great value---be valuable; be of much use---be quite useful;
be of little/no help---be helpless be of little significance---be insignificant
Post Reading Reading Comprehension
Ex.1. 1) financial 2) career 3) later 4) guilty
5) hurt 6) resentful 7) productive 8) independence
9) responsibility 10) trusted 11) frightening 12) resentment
13) abandoned 14) factors 15) quality
Vocabulary
Ex.2 1) constantly 2) impact 3) burden 4) Candidly
5) fulfillment 6) salaried 7) resentment 8) assistance
9) perfect 10) suppress
Ex.3 1) successfully 2) res
entment 3) security 4) necessity
5) advisable 6) access//accessibility 7) athletic 8) maturity
9) emotional 10) effectively
Translation
1) Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.
2) How will taxes affect people with low incomes?
3) My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.
4) These books range in price from $10 to $20.
5) It seems to me that you don’t have much choice.
6) Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.
7) For such a big house the price is fairly low, but you have to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.
8) Can we begin with discussing problems arising from the last meeting?
After-class Reading Passage One: It’s a Mugger’s game in Manhattan
Words and Phrases: bet cater integrate mug/mugger odd stuff terrify wares compulsive addiction display professional let go of mix up credit card
Sentences:
1) The way he saw it, he was now the most likely person in Manhattan to get mugged next. (Line 2-3)在他看来，曼哈顿区下一个最有可能遭抢劫的人就是他。
2) Grace had not been outside her apartment in five years, as a sure-fire way of avoiding being mugged. (Line 11-12) 格雷斯曾经5年没有出公寓一步，以为这个办法一定能避免抢劫。
3) Somewhat to his surprise Martin found himself displaying his wares to his clientele. (Line 38-39) 马丁有点惊讶地发现自己正在向顾客展示手头的货物。
4) Even more to his surprise, he found himself accepting money for the drugs, much more than he’d paid for them. (Line 39-40)更让他吃惊的是，他发现自己还在收他们的钱，比买进时的价格高得多。
5) Being afraid of muggings had turned him into a professional drug-pusher. (Line 51-52) 害怕遭劫使他成了一个职业的毒品贩子。
After-class Reading Passage Two: Thief
Words and Phrases: attentive collision currency destination fare identify/identification membership missing rage scatter worldly all at once catch sight of hang on to in place
Sentences:
1) But it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty. (Line 5-6) 但是一直到她买好票转身走的时候，他才发现她有多美。
2) At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he mustered a smile. (Line 31-32)他先是吓了一跳：居然有人会靠近得碰到自己！但是当他看清是谁时，他挤出一个笑容。
3) She is seated against a front window of the terminal, taxis and private cars moving slowly beyond her in the gathering darkness.(L.58-59)
她正背靠着候机厅正面的一扇玻璃窗坐着，出租车和私家车在越来越暗的暮色中慢慢地从她的身后驶过。
4) The wallet is a woman’s, fat with money and credit cards from different stores, and it belongs to the blonde in the fur-trimmed coat.(L.82-83)这是个女式钱包，鼓鼓地塞满了钱和各大商店的信用卡。它是那位穿着镶有灰色皮毛衣服的金发女郎的。
5) Two weeks later---the embarrassment and rage have diminished, the family lawyer has been paid, the confusion in his household has receded---the wallet turns up without explanation in one morning’s mail.(L.87-90) 两个星期后—尴尬和气愤已经消了，家庭律师的费用付了，家中的混乱也平息了—这时，却在早晨的邮件里发现了钱包。
Part Three Ex.1 Step Two
1) creates 2) individuals
3)makes 4)combination
5) however 6) fall
7) responsible 8) which
9) difference 10) that
11) tempted 12) used
13) lowest 14) died
15) reducing 16) quick
17) reason 18) principle
19) minor 20) message
Part Four Translation Practice
1）孩子最好远离毒品
一个报警电话者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。
2）在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网
四名武装抢劫犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身份。打进报警热线的一个电话准确，详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。
Book 3 Unit 2
In-class Reading:
Words and Phrases
1. cunning 2. famine 3. ungrateful 4. mischief(mischievous) 5. orator 6. eloquent
7. approval 8. dutifully 9. crash 10. escape one’s notice 11. at the very thought
Sentences
1. The distant sound of low voices, broken now and again by singing, reached Okonkwo from his wives’ huts as each woman and her children told folk stories.
从远处妻子们的那些小木屋里传来的低声细语，时不时地被歌声打断，但是奥康瓦还是听到了，知道这是妻子同各自的孩子在讲民间故事。
2. Nothing that happened in the world of the animals ever escaped his notice; he was full of cunning.
动物界里发生的任何事情都逃不过他的眼睛，因为他无比狡猾，诡计多端。
3. Tortoise had a sweet tongue, and within a short time all the birds agreed that he was a changed man, and they all gave him a feather, with which he made two splendidly colorful wings.
乌龟巧合如簧，没
过多久，所有的鸟儿都一致认为，他确实已经脱胎换骨了。于是每只鸟儿都给了他一根羽毛，用这些羽毛，乌龟做了两只色彩绚丽的翅膀。
4. None of the birds had heard of this custom but they knew that Tortoise, in spite of his failings in other areas, was a wildly travelled man who knew the customs of different peoples.
鸟儿们谁也没听说过这一习俗，但他们知道，尽管乌龟在其他方面不怎么样，却到过许多地方，知晓不同民族的风俗习惯。
5. His speech was so eloquent that all the birds were glad they had brought him, and nodded their heads in approval of all he said.
他的讲话如此得体，所有的鸟儿都很庆幸把他带来了，对他所说的一切都点头赞同。
After-class Reading (1)
Words and Phrases
1. merchant (merchandise) 2. conceited 3. spoiled 4. luxurious 5. annoyed 6. precious 7. elegant 8. appreciative 9. consequently 10. starving 11. astonished 12. request 13. departure 14. engrave 15. presence 16. good-natured 17. jealousy 18. generous 19. observe 20. be consumed with 21. grow accustomed to 22. in place of 23. consent to 24. put an end to
Sentences
1. He saw an ugly monster who said, “Ungrateful man! I have saved your life and in return you steal my roses. You must die!” But the merchant begged the Beast not to kill him for the sake of his children.
他看到一头丑陋的怪兽对他说：“忘恩负义的人!我救了你的命，你却偷我的玫瑰来报答我。你必须死！”但是商人乞求野兽看在他孩子的份上不要杀他。
2. Beauty immediately insisted on returning to the home of the Beast to save her father’s life and would hear no arguments.
美女立刻坚持要去野兽家，以此来救他父亲的命，而且不愿听任和劝阻。
3. They were consumed with jealousy, nevertheless they pretended to be happy and begged her to stay as long as she could.
两个姐姐妒忌难耐，却装作非常高兴，请求妹妹能住多久就住多久。
4. The fairy smiled and said, “Beauty, you have made a wise choice because you have chosen virtue over beauty.”
仙女微笑着说：“美女，你做了一个聪明的选择，因为你选择了美德而不是美貌。”
5. Then the fairy turned to Beauty’s two sisters and said, “You who are so consumed by envy and jealousy, you will be transformed into two statues of stone but still retain your reason. You will stand at the door of Beauty’s castle, and it will be your punishment to observe her daily happiness until the day you die.”
然后仙女转向美女的两个姐姐说：“你们两个满怀嫉妒的人，你们将变作两个石像但却仍具有思考能力。你们将站在美女城堡的门前，看着她每天幸福的生
活，直到你们死去的那一天。这是对你们的惩罚。”
After class Reading (2)
Words and Phrases
1. immortal(immortality) 2. delete 3. summon 4. conduct 5. capture 6. territory 7. confront 8. release 9. accompany 10. pilgrim (pilgrimage) 11. authentic 12. temptation 13. convey 14. stray 15. misbehave 16. remove 17. enlighten 18. be adept at 19. at will 20.conform to 21. take revenge 22. be greeted with 23. of one’s own accord
Sentences
1. Monkey was born from an egg which had been fertilized by the wind as it lay on the peak of a mountain in Ao-lai on the eastern side of the Ocean.
大海东岸傲来国境内有一座山，山上有一颗卵， 因为位于山顶，吸取了日月精华，猴王由此而生。
2. As a result of all the trouble which he had caused, Monkey was summoned to Heaven to explain his conduct.
猴王造成了众多麻烦，结果被召到天庭，要他为自己的行为作出解释。
3. After a long battle during which Monkey employed all his magic skills to avoid defeat, he was finally captured and brought to the Jade Emperor, who condemned him to death.
接着是一场长时间的激战，猴王为了避免被打败使劲浑身解数，但最终还是被抓获并押到了玉帝面前。玉帝判他死刑。
4. The Buddha doubted whether Monkey could even jump out of his palm, but agreed that if Monkey was successful, then he would be entitled to rule Heaven.
佛祖对猴王能否跳出他的掌心都感到怀疑，但同意如果猴王成功了，就有权统领天国。
5. He would have remained there forever had the Bodhisattva Guan Yin not obtained his release so that he could accompany Tang Seng on his great pilgrimage to the Western Paradise to fetch authentic versions of the Buddha’s teachings.
如果不是观音菩萨放他出来去陪唐僧到西天取得佛陀真经，他将永远被压在山下。
UNIT 1 BOOK 3 Personality Vocabulary Exercise
I. Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate form of the word in brackets.
1. We need to encourage the disabled and help them live more -----__________________ lives. (worth)
2. A free ________________ of ideas is of great importance in the knowledge economy. (circulate)
3. My mother sat and watched me eating my food with a(n)_______________ expression on her face—I could tell she had something to say. (thought)
4. Nothing can shake our _______________ to fight against international terrorism. (determine)
5. If he didn't have a secretary to remind him, he wouldn't keep any of his ________________ . (appoint)
6. The ___________________ typist had to change the letter five times. (competent)
7. This problem is __________________ from the main one since they are so closely related to each other. (sep
arate)
8. I wouldn't want my _____________________ to be a big organization—I'd rather work for an individual or a small business. (employ)
9. Tom had the ___________________ to be ill on the day of the party. (fortune)
10. He is a(n) ____________________ for a large steel company in Sheffield. (represent)
11. Those who drop out of school must lower their ____________________ of success. (expect)
12. Writing a paper for the top journal is a(n)_______________________ task. (challenge)
13. Their relationship was destroyed by his terrible ________________ . (jealous)
14. He answered all my questions with complete ______________________ . (assure)
15. Too many mistakes in writing are _______________________ . (forgive)
16. To everyone's surprise, his ___________________ of the storm came true. (predict)
17. I always feel _____________________ when faced with a difficult problem, so I need to build up my self-confidence. (adequate)
18. Her _____________________ in language study established her fame in linguistic circles. (accomplish)
19) As he had contracted (感染) a contagious (传染的) disease, he was immediately sent to a(n)______________________ hospital. (isolate)
20. His treatment as a child had given him a strong sense of _____________________ . (inferior)
II. Directions: Complete each of the following blanks in the passage with the best choice listed below.
Chris Peterson was teaching a class in abnormal psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his students to 1)_________out an Attributional Style Questionnaire —a carefully designed test that determines a person's 2)_________of optimism and pessimism. The students also answered 3) _________about their general health, including how often they went to a doctor.
Peterson followed the health of his students the 4)_________ year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many infectious diseases and made twice 5) _________ many trips to the doctor as the optimists. Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood 6)_________ , found that optimists have better immune function than pessimists. Studies 7) _________ other researchers show the same thing. Why? One big factor is that "Pessimistic individuals," as Seligman writes, "get 8) _____________ more easily and more often." When a person is depressed, certain hormones (荷尔蒙) become depleted (大大减少), 9)_________a chain of biochemical events that end 10) _____________ slowing down the activity of the immune system. For example, two key players in our immune systems are T cells and NK cells.
T cells recognize invaders (like viruses) and make more copies of themselves to kill 11)_________the invaders. Pessimists' T cells don't multiply as quickly as 12) _________ , allowing invaders to get the upper 13) _________ .
NK cells 14)_________ in the blood and kill whate
ver they come across that they 15) _________ as foreign (like cancer cells). Pessimists' NK cells can identify foreign entities, but they don't 16)_________ them as well as the optimists' NK cells.
1) A. fill B. read C. examine D. check
2) A. standard B. amount C. level D. quantity
3) A. problems B. questions C. reply D. response
4) A. next B. later C. previous D. following
5) A. as B. more C. of D. so
6) A. tests B. samples C. subjects D. models
7) A. through B. with C. in D. by
8) A. excited B. worried C. depressed D. annoyed
9) A. produced B. creating C. leading D. raised
10) A. with B. by C. off D. up
11) A. in B. at C. off D. across
12) A. optimists' B. optimists C. optimism D. optimist's
13) A. side B. wind C. hand D. rank
14) A. circulate B. blend C. melt D. approach
15) A. clarify B. identify C. classify D. isolate
16) A. destroy B. invade C. clean D. sweep
Reference Keys:
I.1.worthy 2.circulation 3.thoughtful 4.determination
5.appointments 6.incompetent 7.inseparable 8.employer
9. misfortune 10.respresentative 11.expectations 12.challenging
13.jealousy 14.assurance 15.unforgivable 16.prediction
17.inadequate 18.accomplishment 19.isolation 20.inferiority
II.1—5 A C B D A 6—10 A D C B D 11—16 C A C A B A
Personality Unit One Book Three
Part One Ex.2 Personality and Job
Personality traits:
1. shrewd, hard-working, boastful, acute, tricky
2. patient, tolerant, talkative, unselfish, loving, humorous, bossy, expressive
3. patient, calm, independent, careful, sympathetic, self-confident
4. brave, alert, independent, strong, calm
5. careful, honest, cautious, patient
6. persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious, knowledgeable, talkative
7. enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic, considerate, good-tempered
8. emotional, expressive, optimistic, quick-minded, exaggerated, humorous
9. curious, extroverted, open-minded, adventurous
10. easygoing, tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough, efficient
11. intelligent, talkative, diplomatic, cautious, matter-of-fact
Ex.1 Mr. and Miss So and So
1) Gentle 2)Dedicated 3)Considerate 4) Adventurous 5) Calm
6)Aggressive 7) Critical 8) Energetic 9) Selfish 10) Ambitious
11) Self-confident 12) Easygoing 13) Truthful 14) Outgoing 15) Frank
16) Sensitive 17) Bossy 18) Patient 19) Talkative 20) Persuasive
21) Sympathetic 22) emotional
Ex.4 Personality words:
(横) affectionate; generous; adaptable; cooperative; prompt; reasonable; logical；
rom
antic; enthusiastic; sympathetic;
(竖) resourceful; courteous; ambitious; creative；agreeable;
(斜) talented; imaginative; energetic; independent;
Part Two In-class Reading The Misery of Shyness
Words and Phrases : accent acquaintance assurance/ assured circulate constant criticism eliminate esteem excessively inadequacy interpret isolate inferiority/ inferior numerous overcome reasonable dwell on in contrast set aside have sth. at heart
Sentences:
1) Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds. (Line4-5) 他们脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法。
2) It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. (Line 7) 显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。
3) Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. (Line 20) 害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。
4) It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (Line 23) 显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。
5) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74) 我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。
Language Points:
1) describe…as…(Noun,V-ing,Adjective) 把…描述为…(Para.1)
2) regard…as… 把…看作…(Para.2)
3) view…as… 认为…是…(Para.2)
4) label…as… 把…列为…(Para.4)
5) interpret…as… 把…理解为…(Para.11)
6) accept…as… 把…当作…接受下来(Para.11)
7) profit from …as… 把…作为…从中收益(Para.12)
8) be concerned with (Para.1)---care about
9) reflect (vt.)反映 reaction( n.) 反应 (Para.2)
10) confirm (Para.3)---证实，肯定，进一步确定；
e.g.i) New evidence has confirmed the first witness’ story.
ii) Her remarks confirmed me that she was a very gentle young lady.
Compare: conform---遵照，符合，一致。to conform to the rules of the school
11) compliment (n.)(Para.3) 赞美或恭维的话；问候，祝福 (v.) 赞美或钦佩; 表扬；
e.g. i) She accepted his compliments about her dress with a smile.
ii) We complimented her on her skillful performance.
iii) With the compliments of the seasons.
12) eliminate –get rid of; reduce—make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc.; (Para.4) //diminish—cause to become less in size or importance;(Para.6)
e.g. i) We can’t eliminate the use of paper but we can certainly reduce the amount of paper we waste.
ii) We can’t expect students to eliminate all of their
grammar mistakes but they should make an effort to reduce the number of careless mistakes.
iii.) We don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
13) expectation(Para.4 L.31) Phrases:
i) come//live up to expectations( of)达到期望,不辜负…的期望
ii) beyond (all) expectations /against all expectations出乎意料
iii) in expectation of 预计会有…
i) This film didn’t live up to our expectations. 达到期望 不负众望
ii)The plan has succeeded beyond our expectations.出乎意料
iii)She took an umbrella in expectation of rain预计会有
14) try to do//try doing(Para.15)
e.g. i) He tried to climb the mountain but failed.
ii)He tried climbing the mountain and saw what it was like at the top.
15) live up to our full potential (Para.16)---make full use of our potential 充分发挥我们的潜能
16) a rich and fulfilling life--- colorful and satisfying life丰富和成功的生活
17) Notes on page 14
Additional translation exercise: from Chinese into English
1. 对…产生不利的影响 affect … adversely
2. 对…有深刻的影响 have a profound effect on…
3. 自尊心很强的人 people with high self-esteem
4. 人身攻击 a personal attack
5. 通过坚持不懈的努力 with determined and patient effort
6. 克服羞怯,建立自信overcome shyness and build self-confidence
7. 内疚和羞愧 guilt and shame
8. 公开表达自己的意见 speak up
9. 转折点 a turning point
10.娴熟自信地在众人中周旋circulate in large groups with skill and self-assurance
Post Reading Reading Comprehension
Ex.1 Main ideas
Part I (Para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.
Part II (Para.2-3) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect.
Part III( Para.4-15) Ways of overcoming shyness.
Part IV (Para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our potential.
Vocabulary
EX.1 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3)Self-esteem
4) self-destructive 5)self-worth 6)self-concept
7) self-awareness 8) self-assurance
Ex.3 1) profound 2) jealousy 3)numerous
4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually
7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish
10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated
13) self-esteem 14) accented
Ex.4 1) reflected 2) concerned//worried 3) profound effect//influence
4) viewed//regard 5) sensitive 6) respond//react 7) eliminated
8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment
Translation (p.17)
1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.
2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.
3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.
4) Every day he sets asid
e some time to be with his family and enjoy life.
5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.
6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.
7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.
8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.
After-class Reading Passage One: Two Ways of Looking at Life
Words and Phrases attach confine convinced despair disagreement dismissal enduring misfortune optimist pessimist prediction undermine be apt to be prone to reversal setback startle temporary in a …light run for
Sentences
1) His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for the beauty of her, the perfection. ( Line 2-3) 她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。
2) He picks up a furry little toy attached to the rail of the crib and shakes it, ringing the bell it contains. (Line 7-8) 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小毛绒玩具摇了起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。
3) Not until a week later, when the baby shows her first startle to the loud sound of a passing truck, does he begin to recover and enjoy his new daughter again. (Line 46-48) 直到一周后，当孩子听到过路卡车的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时，他这才开始情绪好转，并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣了。
4) The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this word, think about misfortune in the opposite way. (Line 59-60) 而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时，则以相反的方式看待厄运。
5) Twenty-five years study has convinced me that if we habitually believe, as does the pessimist, that misfortune is our fault, is enduring, and will undermine everything we do, more of it will happen to us than if we believe otherwise. (Line 72-74) 25年的研究使我确信，如果我们像悲观主义者那样，习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己的过错，会持续很长时间，而且会危及我们所做的每件事情的话，那么，更多的不幸就会发生在我们身上，而反之则不然。
After-class Reading Passage Two: You Are What You Think
Words and Phrases acquire guarantee inclined incompetent investigate justify representative hold someone back in part take credit
Sentences
1) Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. (Line 6-7) 相反，悲观则导致绝望、疾病和失败，并与情绪消沉、孤独寂寞和令人痛苦的胆怯有关。
2) When things go right, the optimist takes credit while pessimist thinks success is due to luck. (Line 32-34) 当事情一帆风顺时，乐观者把功劳归于自己，而悲观者则会把成功归于运气。
3) Optimists may thin