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2018届高考英语二轮复习练习:专题4 第4讲冠词、介词和代词 (1)

2018届高考英语二轮复习练习:专题4 第4讲冠词、介词和代词 (1)
2018届高考英语二轮复习练习:专题4 第4讲冠词、介词和代词 (1)

专题四语法填空

无提示词填空

第四讲冠词、介词和代词

真题验证

(2017·浙江卷)导学号 47404067 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1.carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2.shiny/shining (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.

Pahlsson screamed 3.so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4.myself (I),”says Pahlsson.

Sixteen years 5.earlier (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6.to cook (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 7.searched (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.

Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8.swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9.where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10.a wonder.

文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊!

?解析:考查名词复数。a handful of一把,几个,后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。

?解析:考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词object,故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。

?解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,so与后面的that构成句型so...that...,意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。

?解析:考查反身代词。句意为“她原本以为我伤到了自己”。

?解析:考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。

?解析:考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭,故用动词不定式表目的。

?解析:考查时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式,search是与之并列的谓语动词,故也应使用过去式。

?解析:考查get done结构。get swept“被扫掉”。

?解析:考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词the garden,且从句缺少地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。

10解析:考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。

模拟强化

1

(2017·四川省泸州市高三四诊)

A team of engineers____1.has_created____(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.The team developed the revolutionary new material,____2.which____is very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight.The material does not need energy to work____3.nor/neither____does it need water to help keep things cool.The engineers say____4.the____new material could provide an answer to air conditioners,which are expensive____5.to_run____(run).The material is unlike anything____6.found____(find) in nature.It is just 50 micrometers thick.That's slightly____7.thicker____(thick) than the aluminum foil(锡箔纸)we use for cooking.

The engineers explained how their new material works.They said when it is put on top of something,two things happen.It cools the object underneath by____8.reflecting____(reflect) the sun's rays back into space.At the same time,the material removes the object's own heat and sends that into the air.An engineer said:“We're excited about the opportunity to explore potential uses in different scientific____9.fields____(field).”A nother researcher said:“Just 10 to 20 square meters of this material on the rooftop could____10.nicely____(nice) cool down a house in summer.”

文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要向我们介绍了一种比锡箔纸稍厚的可以保持建筑物凉爽的新材料。

?解析:“A team of engineers ____1____(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.”句意为一个团队的工程师创造了一个超薄的材料,可以使建筑物保持凉爽。讲的是过去发生的事对现在产生的影响,故应该用现在完成时,故填has created。

?解析:“The team developed the revolutionary new material, ____2____ is very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight.”句意为研究小组开发了革命性的新材料,这种材料非常薄,即使在阳光直射下也能冷却物体。考查非限定性定语从句,故填which。

?解析:句意为“这种材料不需要能量来工作,也不需要水来帮助保持凉爽。”此题考查固定搭配。Not ....nor ...,not...neither...意为不...也不...,符合语境,故填nor/neither 。

?解析:句意为“工程师们说这种新材料可以为空调提供答案。”考查定冠词,这种材料就是文中前面所提到的,是特指,故填the。

?解析:句意为“这是昂贵的运行”。在“be+性质形容词+to do”结构中,通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意。故填to run。

?解析:句意为“这种材料与自然界中发现的任何东西都不一样。”这种发现是指过去发现的一切,所以应该用过去式,故填found。

?解析:句意为“这比铝箔稍厚(锡箔纸)我们用来煮饭。”由than可知此题考查形容词的比较级,故填thicker 。

?解析:句意为“它通过反射太阳光线回到太空使物体冷却。”by doing sth,意为通过做某事,故填reflecting。

?解析:句意为“我们很高兴有机会在不同的科学领域探索潜在的用途。”不同的科学领域,different scientific fields,所以应该用名词的复数形式,故填fields。

10解析:句意为“只有10到20平方米的屋顶上的这种材料可以在夏天很好地冷却○

一个房子。”nice用来修饰动词cool(冷却),意思应该用副词形式,故填nicely。

2

(2017·山西省太原市二模)导学号 47404068 Felicity Miller, a 32-year-old British woman, 1.who has a Chinese husband, still remembers the 2.excitement (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015. She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family's group. The rule in their family was that the person who grabbed the 3.highest (high) amount sent the next.

Attracted by the unique way of communicating, many foreigners 4.have joined (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far. Usually, the money in each packet is random. Thus the amount of money one can grab https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab6933742.html,rgely (large) depends on his or her luck, from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan. Many foreigners get more familiar 6.with Chinese culture through “red packets”. Two years ago,

when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, she had no clue about the 7.hidden (hide) meanings. Now, she has not only known about them, but also has sent a few.

However, the popularity of virtual red packets doesn't stop people sending paper red packets 8.containing (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival. It 9.is called (call) lucky money. In Chinese tradition,people take giving children lucky money as 10.a blessing.

文章大意:许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。但是真正的纸质红包并未被替代,在春节时人们给孩子压岁钱以表示对孩子的祝福。

?解析:考查定语从句。分析本句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行为a 32-year-old British woman, 故用who引导该定语从句。

?解析:考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知,空处用名词形式。

?解析:考查最高级。根据语境并结合常识可知,抢到红包金额最高的人要发下一个红包,故用最高级。

?解析:考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“so far”可知,到目前为止,已经有许多外国人被“微信红包”这一特殊的交流方式吸引,并参与了抢红包和发红包。据此可知,本句用现在成时。

?解析:考查副词。空处修饰动词短语“depends on”,故用副词形式。

?解析:考查固定搭配。许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加噋炽国文化。get familiar with为固定搭配,意为“熟悉……”。

?解析:考查形容词。Felicity Miller不知道这两个数字后的隐藏意义。根据空前的冠词the和空后的名词meanings可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故填hidden。

?解析:考查现在分词。paper red packets和动词contain之间是主谓关系且contain 与句子谓语之间无连词,故用现在分词短语作名词paper red packets的后置定语。

?解析:考查动词的时态和语态。这种纸质的红包被称为“压岁钱”。根据句意可知,主语It和动词call之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态;本句陈述的是一般现象,故用一般现在时。

10解析:考查不定冠词。人们将给孩子压岁钱作为一种祝福。此处泛指“一种祝福”,○

故用不定冠词。

3

(2017·陕西省西安市高三一模)

Volunteering to help people in need combined ____1.with____ travelling to faraway places is ____2.a____ new trend in the travel industry.It is called voluntourism.People travel to other countries,learn languages and other cultures

and gain new ____3.experience____(experience).Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism____4.has_been____ (be) one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism.More than l.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries.They work in orphanages(孤儿院),help build schools,assist in hospitals and do farming work in ____5.developing____ (develop) countries.There are many reasons ____6.why____ people want to engage in voluntourism.Students see it as a gap year after school,while others ____7.simply____(simple) want to take time out from a job and do something else.However,some voluntourists do not see volunteering ____8.as____ what it is.They only think it is a cheap way ____9.to_travel____ (travel) and don't really want to get____10.involved____(involve) in hard work.

文章大意:本文介绍了旅游产业的一个新趋势voluntourism:把去远方旅行和志愿帮助那些有需要的人结合起来。既帮助了别人,又增长了见识。

?解析:考查介词。此处为固定搭配,combine with“结合”。句意:把志愿帮助有需要的人和去远方旅行结合起来是旅游业的一种新趋势。

?解析:考查冠词。trend是可数名词,此处做单数用,泛指,意为“一种新的趋势”,故填a。

?解析:考查名词。根据空格特点可知,是填名词,因为前有形容词修饰,意为“获取新的经历”,当experience作“经历”理解时是可数名词,根据句意可知此处用复数。

?解析:考查时态。此处可根据标志性的时间状语in the past few years来确定,只要句中有这个时间状语:介词+the past/last...就可确定时态为现在完成时,本题句子主语是单数,故填has been。

?解析:考查形容词。此处指发展中国家,用developing,而developed country 意思是“发达国家”。

?解析:考查连词。此处是一个定语从句,先行词是reasons,从句主语宾语都有,缺少状语,故用关系副词why。

?解析:考查副词。此处为副词修饰动词want作状语,填simply。

?解析:考查固定搭配。此处为固定搭配短语:se e...as“看作为……,视为……”。

?解析:考查way的用法。way后接不定式作定语的用法:way to do。

10解析:考查动词。此处为固定短语:get involved in“涉及……”。

名词、冠词、代词的用法

定义:表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,动词用is或者was;不能根据some、any、a lot of等词来判断。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: ①.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ; 读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 ②.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ; ③“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ; “元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:boys,toys ④.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 (贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼,一半放在架子上,自己吃面包loaf)wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life (生命)half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 特殊情况是直接加-s的: 顺口溜:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上。 gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。 ⑤.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况: 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes, negro—negroes (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros) 顺口溜:两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆,西红柿,芒果和河马) 2)无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)-tobaccos 顺口溜:动物园里挂着一张照片,照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机 ⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形 顺口溜:中日警察来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。(中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加S)(中国人,日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼) 解释:Chinese,Japanese,police, deer, sheep, fish,cattle ,people, Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American—Americans,German--Germans. 除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如:one yuan,two yuan;a dollar, two dollars; ⑦. 不规则名词复数:(鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、) 顺口溜:男士女士a变e;鹅牙双脚o变e;孩子后面加ren;老鼠虱子爱公牛, mouse, louse和ox. 解释:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。 goose- geese; tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice,ox-oxen。 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就用“量词+of”。 例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice,a bottle of,a pair of 3、复合名词的复数变化:(顺口溜:属性不变、性别变)解释:three apple trees;three men teachers

高考英语语法填空--1冠词

第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——冠词——与名词共生共存 【考向聚焦】 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知,冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有:冠词的基本用法;在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法;冠词的特殊用法;冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空 1.(2013?福建,21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development. 解析考查冠词。根据句意,中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦,可知,两空都用不定冠词a。 答案a;a 2.(2013?江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man. 解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”;第二空man表“人类”,不用冠词。 答案a;不填 3.(2013?山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky. 解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”,应用不定冠词a;第二空“夜

空”,指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。 答案a;the 4.(2013?江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the;第二空为固定短语,表示在多少世纪“in the-th century”,需加定冠词。 答案the;the 5.(2013?浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”;at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”,故均填不定冠词。 答案a;an 6.(2013?重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句,故应该特指;第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”,使用不定冠词。 答案the;an 7.(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画;后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指,不用冠词。

名词冠词数词代词介词

名词名词的数 1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点: 1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语 eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_______ on the plate. [B] A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer 2、可数名词的复数 A、不规则变化: man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化 1)s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz] 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz] 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz] 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s] 5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz] 但注意以下几点: ① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes ②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese ③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor — men doctors ④ reef—reefs ⑤“某国人”的复数:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans ⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy. 3、名词所有格:名词’s (意思是“……的”) A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意: 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

2020年高考英语精选考点:冠词和名词(教师版)

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(英语)高考英语冠词题20套(带答案)及解析 一、单项选择冠词 1.According to the public notice from the police station, ____$5,000 reward will be offered for ____ return of the stolen cultural relics. A.a; the B./; the C.a; a D./; a 【答案】A 【解析】 考查冠词。前文泛指任何一笔5000美元的奖金,故用不定冠词。下文return后的修饰词of the stolen cultural relics,可知是特指某物的归还,为特指,用定冠词。选A。 2.---Of ____ two bags, which one do you think is better? --- _______ smaller one. I prefer how it looks. A.the; The B.the; A C.a; A D.a; The 【答案】A 【解析】 根据题意这两个包裹,你认为哪一个比较好?这里是特指,较小的那个,也是特指,故都用定冠词the,选A。 3.Little Brown lives in _____ A-shaped house near the town. It is easy for him to attend ______ school. A.the; 不填B.不填; a C.an; a D.an; 不填 【答案】D 【解析】 考查冠词。a A-shaped house一座A型的房子,attend school上学,故选D。 4.—What about _____ job? —It’s too difficult _____ job for me. A.the; a B.the; the C.a; the D.a; a 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查冠词。本句第一句使用定冠词the表示特指那份工作;第二空使用a泛指一份工作。句意:—那份工作怎么样?—对我来说这是一份太难的工作啊!冠词的考查集中在定冠词the表示特指;不定冠词a/an表示泛指。另外要注意一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。特别注意抽象名词具体化的用法,如honor,success,failure,surprise,pleasure等名词抽象名词具体化的用法。故A正确。 考点:考查冠词 5. She is ____ honest girl, and she never tells lies. A.a B.an

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冠词 不定冠词的用法及语法说明 1. 用a 还是用an: 一般说来,在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a, 而在元音开头的词前用an。 注意: 有些以元音字母开头的单词,由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音,其前仍用a而不用an: a one-eyed man 一个独眼人 a European country 一个欧洲国家 2. 单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加a ,an, 不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词: He is a famous film star. 他是着名影星。 3. 专有名词转化为普通名词,其前可用a (an),表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等: a Mr Smith 一位名叫史密斯先生的人 4. 物质名词转化为普通名词,其前可以使用a (an),有时表示相应产品或种类,有时表示数量关系: a good wine 一种好酒 5. 在序数词之前使用a (an),可以表示数量或序数的增加: Soon I saw a second plane. 不久我又看到了一架飞机。 6. 与形容词的最高级连用,表示“非常”、“很”等: This is a almost interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。 7. 用于修饰名词的定语前,表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似a kind of 的意思:climate 气候→a mild climate 温和的气候 have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐 8. 不定冠词a (an) 与数词one 都可表示“一”,但是两者有差别: 不定冠词a (an) 表示“类别”概念,而数词one 表示“数量”概念 9. 两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时,只用一个冠词: He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 10. 与副词quite / rather 连用时,a (an) 一般要后置,但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰,则a (an) 放在quite rather 之前或之后均可以: He is rather a fool. 他是个大傻瓜。 It is quite a good book. 那是本很好的书。 It is a quite good book. 那是本很好的书。 11. 当too, so, as, how 等词之后接有“形容词+单数可数名词”时,不定冠词a (an) 应放在形容词和单数可数名词之间 It is too difficult a book for us beginners. She is as good a cook as her mother. 12. 不定冠词可用来表示“类属”,这是其基本用法,它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。 正:A horse is a useful animal. 正:Horses are useful animals.

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