大学英语B网考 翻译技巧及实例100题

100道英译汉题

（一）

1. Wang Li’s father has taught English here since he graduated from

Peking University.

王丽的父亲自从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。

分析：since引导时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，习惯放在句子后面，而汉语习惯把时间状语放在前面说。

2. Please give this book to whoever comes first.

请把这本书给最先来的人。

分析：whoever在此引导宾语从句，whoever comes first相当于anybody who comes first ，译为“任何最先到的人”。

3. Though it was late, they kept on working.

尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。

分析：though引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管……”。Keep on doing 的意思是“继续做某事”。

4. Bill hit his car into a wall last night.

昨晚比尔开车时车撞到了墙上。

分析：英语的时间状语一般在句末，汉语习惯把时间放在句子开头。

5. Would you please help me with this heavy box?

你能帮我抬一下这个很沉的箱子吗？

分析：help sb. with sth. 帮某人（干）某事

6. Apples here like water and sunshine.

这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

7. Tom was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in

the class.

汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。

分析：“such…that...”连接两个分句，表示目的或结果。从本句两个分

句的逻辑关系来看，前句表示程度之高，后句表示达到的结果，译

为“（如此）…，以至于…”。

8. Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.

泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。

分析：under the same roof译为“在同一屋檐下”。

9. You needn't go there anymore. He already knows about it.

你不必去了，他已经知道那件事了。

10. As is known to all, China is a developing country.

众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。

分析：As is known to all 译为“众所周知”。

翻译技巧（一）

翻译过程包括两个阶段：正确理解和充分表达。理解是表达的前提，而表达是理解的目的和结果，二者缺一不可。因此，考生在做英译汉部分试题时：

(1)切记不可急躁，一定要先通读全句。把握全句的主旨。

(2)在着重理解句子时，首先要在语义上弄清全句的整体意思和每个单词的意思；其次要分析清楚句子结构，找出各分句之间的关系。

(3)可考虑先打一份翻译草稿，再根据句子意义和汉语结构进行调整。

（二）

11. A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and

used.

那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。

分析：be to do sth. 表示计划、将要做的事情，be exploited and used是被动形式，根据上下文可译为“有待于（加以）开发利用”。

12. In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to

correct the students' est papers.

外语教研部用阅卷机给学生批卷。

分析：be used to do 为被动语态结构，详见后面被动语态的翻译。

13. The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening,

reading and writing.

老师鼓励学生多听，多读，多写。

分析：be encouraged by 为被动语态结构，详见后面被动语态的翻译。

14. The plan has been over fulfilled by now.

目前，已经超额完成计划。

分析：has been fulfilled 为被动语态结构，详见被动语态的翻译。

15. The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the

atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.

大气中的气体、水、岩石都是无机物中最普通的实例。

16. There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.

由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。

分析：due to …译为“由于……”，表示原因。

17. This place has plentiful material resources.

这个地方的物质资源是丰富的。

18. Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.

各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。

19. Transistors are small in size and light in weight.

晶体管的体积小，重量轻。

20. John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in

age are not significant.

尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们个性却不相同。

分析：even if的意思是“即使，尽管”，表明前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系。

翻译技巧（二）

被动语态的翻译：

英语中被动语态的使用范围极广, 而汉语中的被动语态远远少于英语,

因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。一般采取下列方法:

1. 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语，在译文中使用 “加以”, “经过”,“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如11题翻译。

2. 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。

3. 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如上面12题翻译。

4. 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如上面14题翻译。

（三）

21. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to

experience.

我们的激情越多，我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多。

分析：“the more…, the more…”句型翻译为“越……，就越……”。

22. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.

历史每重演一次，代价就增加（一分）。

分析：each time 引导时间状语从句，译为“每一次……”。

23. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.

在这个物质财富充裕的时代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。

24. If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate

yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.

如果你决定学一门新的语言，你必须全身心地投入。

分析：if引导条件状语从句，译为“如果……”。dedicate oneself to sth.表示把自己奉献给某事，译为“全身心投入”。

25. Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and

white, influenced by great painters of the past.

卡什被（人们）誉为人像大师，由于受到历史上一些著名画家的影响，他在拍摄中经常运用黑白摄影。

分析：was praised as 为被动语态结构，译为“被誉为”。influenced by great painters of the past 为过去分词短语，在此句中说明often working in black and white的原因。Often working in black and white为现在分词短语做状语，可单独翻译为一个句子。

26. In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。

分析：这是一个倒装句。在翻译倒装句时，要照顾汉语的习惯，以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。

27. I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.

我在睡觉时，电话铃声突然响了。

分析：when在此表示某件时间进行的过程中，突然发生另一件事。

28. All that glitters is not gold.

闪光的东西，未必都是金子。

29. He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came

to China.

他告诉我, 在来中国前他在美国已生活十年了。

30. All things are difficult before they are easy.

凡事总是由难而易。

翻译技巧（三）

英语谚语的翻译方法：

1. 套用现成的汉语谚语

在浩瀚的汉语谚语中，可以找到一些在意义上、形象上、表意形式上都与英语谚语相同或基本相同的句子。例如More Haste, less speed. “欲速则不达”，以及28题的翻译。

2. “主随客便”

比喻是谚语很常用的一种修辞方法。由于中英文化传统不同，往往是要表达的意思一样，而选择的比喻不一样。在翻译此类谚语时，据原语直译无法点明含义，不如借用同义的中国谚语作译文更简洁贴切。

例如Love me, Love my dog. 爱我及犬（爱屋及乌）。

（四）

31. I need you to fill out the top portion of the form first.

我需要你首先把这个表格的上部填上。

32. I came back because of the rain.

因为下雨，我回来了。

33. I’ll try not to take up too much of your time.

我将尽力不占用你太多的时间。

34. People use science knowledge to understand and change nature.

人们用科学知识理解自然、改变自然。

35. He was too tired to go on reading.

他太累，难以继续读下去了。

分析：too…to…句型译为“太……以至于不能……”。

36. Would you mind turning down the radio?

把收音机关小点好吗？

分析：Would you mind……？常用来征询对方对某一件事的同意或许可，是一种比较客气的表达方法。译为“你介意做……吗？/ ……好吗？”。

37. I’m going to visit a friend of mine this Sunday.

本周日我要拜访我的一位朋友。

38. China will build up a space station in ten years.

中国将在10年内建起空间站。

39. He was satisfied with his new car, and drove to work in it the very

next day.

他对他的新车很满意，第二天就开车去上班了。

分析：“be satisfied with”意为“对……满意”。

40. Fires may do more damage than the earthquakes.

火灾可能比地震造成更多的损失。

分析：more…than…是比较级结构，译为“比……更……”。

翻译技巧（四）：

英译汉的基本翻译方法包括理解、表达和校核三个步骤。

1. 如何理解原文

1）分析句子结构：注意把句子的主、谓、宾找出来，明确句子骨干结构；同时注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等。

2）理解句子含义：要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义、理解全句的整体意思及该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应弄清楚下列问题：

a. 句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据全句确定它们指代的内容是什么。

b. 句子中的短语和一些常用的词具有多种含义和用法的，应结合它的“左邻右舍”，确定具体含义是什么。

（五）

41. I’m thinking about a visit to Paris.

我在考虑去巴黎旅游。

42. She always laughs at a good joke.

她听到好的笑话总是开怀大笑。

43. Please move your chair to the window.

请把这个椅子挪到窗户那里。

44. The friend saw everything but did not say a single word.

这个朋友看到了一切，却一言不发。

45. She was the only daughter and the youngest child of five.

她是唯一的女儿，也是五个孩子中最小的。

分析：这是“主语+系动词+表语”的结构。句子主语是she, the only daughter和 the youngest child of five 是两个并列的表语。

46. Could you tell me where the post office is?

你能告诉我邮局在哪吗？

47. Take this empty box away and bring me a full one.

把空盒子拿走，拿一个满的来。

分析：这是祈使句，表示两个并列的命令。

48. Go down this street until you reach the second traffic lights

沿着这条街道走下去，一直走到第二个红绿灯。

分析：down意为“沿着”，表示向下、向南、向低处等。

49. They thought that there must be something wrong with their TV set.

他们认为一定是他们的电视机出了毛病。

分析：there be sth. wrong with sth. 表示某物出了问题、毛病。must在此表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定、肯定”。

50. The old man is in his late sixties.

老人近七十岁。

分析：in one’s sixties 表示六十几岁，late做形容词修饰sixties, 表示六十岁晚期，即近七十岁。

翻译技巧（五）：

2. 如何进行表达

1）直译。就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式。

2）意译。就是不拘泥于原文的形式以及格式，重点在于正确表达原文的意思。

我们可以在考试中把直译和意译结合起来；直译为主，意译为辅，就是先把句子直译，再把直译出来的译句中的某些比较生硬的词加以意译，使之符合汉语语言习惯，变成比较通顺圆滑的句子。

（六）

51. It’s never too late to learn.

活到老，学到老。

分析：这是一条谚语，如果直译为“学习从来不会太晚”，不如套

用“活到老，学到老”符合汉语表达习惯。

52. Let's sit over here until it's time for you to board.

我们就在这里坐到你上飞机的时间。

53. Let me type in your address and then open the account.

我先输入你的住址，然后开户。

54. MR. Lin assigned too much homework today

今天林先生（老师）留的家庭作业太多了。

55. Because there was heavy traffic, we were ten minutes late.

由于交通拥挤，我们晚了十分钟。

56. Few of them believe you.

他们当中几乎没人相信你。

分析：few表示否定的意思，译为“几乎没有”。

57. This street will be widened.

这条大街将要加宽。

分析：be widened是被动语态，汉语习惯用主动句表示被动意思。

58. I'm certain he'll go to see the film, because he's bought a ticket.

我肯定他会去看电影的，因为他把票都买好了。

分析：because 引导原因状语从句，译为“因为……”。

59. The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.

我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。

分析：on which we live 是一个定语从句，修饰the earth。The earth on which we live可译为“我们居住的地球”。

60. He is always making excuses for being late.

他总是为他的迟到找借口。

分析：Make excuse for 译为“为……找借口”。

翻译技巧（六）：

3. 怎样校核译文

1）校核修改翻译过程中译错或表达不够准确的词组、词汇和句子。

2）校核汉语译文中的词和句有无错漏。

3）校核原句中的时间、日期、地点，以及有关数字等是否和译文相符合。

4）校核标点符号的正确性。

（七）

61. The cause of the fire was carelessness.

起火的原因是不谨慎。

62. The man is easy to deal with.

这个人容易相处。

分析：deal with 在此意为“（与人）相处”。

63. We should make best use of time

我们要充分利用时间。

分析：make use of 意为“利用”，use前面加上修饰语best, 则可译为“充分利用”。

64. Please call me back when you are free.

你有时间给我回个电话。

分析：call sb. back 意为“给某人回电话”。

65. Christmas is the most important festival in the west.

圣诞节是西方最重要的节日。

66. The whole process required a great deal of effort, skill and a luck

整个过程需要很大的努力，需要高度的技巧，还需要运气。

分析：动词require带有三个并列的宾语：effort, skill 和luck。翻译时可重复此动词形成排比的结构，起到强调的作用。

67. He doesn't know what life means to him

他不知道人生的意义。

68. Our library is as big as theirs.

我们的图书馆和他们的图书馆一样大。

分析：theirs即为their library。

69. You needn’t go there anymore. He already knows about it.

你不必去了，他已经知道那件事了。

70. I prefer tea to coffee.

我喜欢茶胜于喜欢咖啡。

分析：prefer …to ... 表示两者的比较，意为“喜欢（前者）胜于（后者）”。

翻译技巧（七）：

常见的连接词举例：

as, when, while…等表示时间，意思是“在…时候”；

since, because, as…等表示因果，意思是“由于?因为…”;

if, as long as, unless…等表示条件，意思是“如果，只要，除非…”;

although, though, even if…等表示让步，意思是“即使，尽管…”;

and…等表示并列或递进关系，意思是“而且”；

but, whereas, yet…等表示转折关系，意思是“但是，不过，可是…”;

so/such…that…等表示程度或结果，意思是“如此/这样的…以至于…”。

（八）

71. I don’t think he can operate the new type of computer.

我想他不会操作这台新电脑。

分析：I don’t think + 宾语从句。don’t think 是否定转移，真正否定的是宾语从句的谓语动词，因此不要翻译为“我不认为……”，而要译为“我想……不……”。

72. He lives in a small room with only one small window.

他住在只有一个小窗户的房间里。

73. My problem is that I don’t have much time to do the work.

我的问题是我没有太多的时间做这个工作。

74. We all like her because she’s very helpful.

她非常乐于帮助别人，因此我们都很喜欢她。

75. A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal.

狗是大家所熟知的聪明友善的动物。

分析：be well-known as 的意思是“作为……为人所熟知”，可译为“人们所熟知的……”。

76. I was too excited to say a word in front of him.

在他面前我太兴奋了，一句话也说不出来。

分析：too…to…表示“太……（以至于）不能……”

77. Don’t you mind my opening the window?

你不介意我打开窗户吧？

78. But competitive swimming is just over one hundred years old.

但是竞技游泳只有一百多年的历史。

79. The doctor said there was nothing wrong with his eyes.

医生说他的眼睛没问题。

分析：there was nothing wrong with sth. 意思是“某物没有问题”。

80. A good memory is a great help in learning a language.

好记性对学习语言有很大的帮助。

翻译技巧（八）：

在英译汉中，需要特别提醒的是：

（1）汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意思，而不是句子结构。

（2）在翻译过程中,英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。因此，在做英译汉的题目时，汉语所表达的意思应与原文保持一致，而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务而不应拘泥于原文。如，wet paint该如何译？如果译成“湿油漆”就很别扭，译成“油漆未干”则符合汉语习惯，听起来也较顺耳。

（九）

81. It's not much different from that heavy metal music you like so much.

那跟你很喜欢的重金属音乐并没有什么不同。

分析：different from “与……不同”。you like so much 是定语从句，修饰heavy metal music，因此 that heavy metal music you like so much 可译为“你很喜欢的重金属音乐”。

82. But it looks like something I would never buy.

但它看起来就像是我绝不会买的东西。

分析：look like “看起来像”。I would never buy 是定语从句，修饰something, 因此something I would never buy可译为“我绝不会买的东西”。

83. I'm going to run for the bus as soon as the bell rings.

铃声一响，我就要去赶公共汽车。

分析：as soon as 引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……，（就）……”。

84. It's easy to say, but difficult to do.

说起来容易，但做起来难。

85. Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have ever lived in China.

李白是中国有史以来最伟大的诗人之一。

分析：“one of the + 形容词最高级”表示“最......之一”。That have ever lived in China 是定语从句，修饰poets，译为“中国有史以来的诗人”。

86. Air pollution is more serious than water pollution.

空气污染比水污染更严重。

分析：more…than…是比较级结构，译为“比……更……”。

87. Life is meaningless without a purpose.

没有目标的生活毫无意义。

88. Were there any phone calls for me while I was out?

我不在时，有人打电话给我吗？

89. Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages.

乘坐火车旅游比飞机慢，但是它有它的优势。

分析：…slower than…是比较级结构，译为“……比……（更）慢”。

90. A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.

我高中的一个朋友正在英格兰工作。

翻译技巧（九）

限定性定语从句的翻译：

限定性定语从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制性作用，与先行词关系非常密切。翻译这类句子可以采用以下方法：

1．把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，从而把复合句译成简单句。例如上述81，82和85题翻译。

2．把结构复杂且较长的定语从句后置，译成并列分句。视情况重复或省略先行词。例如：He has great determination and courage which I need badly. 他为人果敢，而我缺的正是这一点。（重复先行词） I gave him a gift which he didn’t see at all. 我送了他一份礼物，他竟然看都没看。(省略先行词)

（十）

91. Some parents even stop their children from meeting their good friends.

有些家长甚至不让自己的孩子见他们的好朋友。

分析：stop sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻止/不让某人干某事”。

92. He was pleased with the fine weather

他对这么好的天气很满意。

93. Do you think you can do it by yourself?

你认为你自己可以单独干完这件事吗？

分析：by oneself 表示“独自/单独”。

94. There is something urgent for you to do right now.

有件急事要你立即去做。

95. They are ordinary people, but do a great job.

他们是平凡的人，但是做的是不平凡的事.

96. You must always remember not to cheat in exams.

你必须始终记住考试不要作弊。

97. He failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.

他辜负了父母对他的期望。

分析：live up to “做到”，fail to live up to...expectations “辜负……期望”。

98. He has the habit of making notes while reading.

他有边读书边做笔记的习惯。

分析：while reading 表示“当阅读的时候”，因此可译为“边读书（边）……”。

99. Whether they will hold a meeting has not been decided.

要不要开会还没有决定。

分析：whether they will hold a meeting是主语从句，可译为“是否要开会”。has not been decide 是被动语态形式，翻译为汉语时习惯把“被”字省略掉。

100. The school management must be improved.

必须改进学校管理。

分析：must be improved 是被动语态，参见被动语态的翻译技巧。

翻译技巧（十）：

句子翻译四步曲：

A. 分析原文句子的结构，如果能确定是简单句，找出句子中的“主-谓（-宾）?S-V-O”结构；

B. 根据句子中带有的连接词，确定它是复合句或并列句，并找出两个分句之间的逻辑关系；

C. 找出了句子的框架后，再寻找其他修饰语的意思；

D. 如果是复合句或并列句，一定要找出链接两个分句的连接词，两个分句就是两个简单句，用上面介绍的翻译方法翻译分句，然后再由连接词和其他方面确定两个分句之间的逻辑关系，选择适当的句式翻译整

个句子。

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一、交际英语 Sorry I'm late. - _________ are welcome. 's a pleasure. care. 't worry. 答案：D We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us - ________ 'm afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. course not. I have no idea. , I can't. 's all set. 答案：A Would you like to go to the concert with us this evening - ________ , I already have plans. 'd love to, but I'm busy tonight. , I really don't like being with you. 'm ill, so I shouldn't go out. 答案：B Must I take a taxi - No, you ________ . You can take my car. better to 't not 't have to 答案：D Could I speak to Don Watkins, please - ________ , please. , how are you 'm listening. 'm Don. 答案：A 电大、各类远程网络教育统考大学英语B、计算机应用基础统考辅导

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Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16. The classroom needs______. A) clean B) to clean C) to be cleaned D) being cleaned 17.There is a nice-looking car there. I wonder ______. A) whom it belongs to B) whom does it belong to C) it belongs to whom D) whom does it belong 18. Wordsworth was one of the greatest poets ______ lived in the 19th century. A) which B) who C) those D) that 19. the population is too large, we have to take measures to control the birth rate. A) Although B) Since C) If D) Until 20. It is requested that every student ______ a paper on sustainable development. A) writes B) wrote C) writing D) write 21 .He said, "I ______ a lot of new poems by the end of last year." A) h ad already learnt B) have already learnt C) would have already learnt D) already learnt 22. As Edison grew ______, he became more and more interested in science. A) elder B) the elder C) older D) the older 23. Only in this way ______ catch up with your brothers. A) do you can B) can you C) you can D) you do can 24.No one, except his two best friends, ______ where he is. A) know B) knows C) to know D) knowing 25. Mr. John has decided that he will ______ the branch company set up in the small town. A) take over B) hand in C) put in D) lead to Section B Directions: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write .the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 26. We started the attack when the enemy (cross) ______ the river. 27.My suggestion is that we (send) ______ a few people to help the other groups. 28.I am sorry to learn that you have made no (improve)______on the design at all. 29. I prefer (live) ______ in the country rather than in a city. 30. We had difficulty (carry) ______ out the plan. 31. Not(know) ______ her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. 32.Do you know the (high) ______ of St. Paul's Cathedral. 33. The great number of traffic accidents (emphasis) ______ the need for careful driving. 34. Many modern cars are equipped with an (automatically) ______ temperature control system. 35 .That one is no good; this one is even (bad) ______. Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Direction: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfil. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. T ask 1 Direction:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) or D) . You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a Single line through the center.