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读《给青年的十二封信》

读《给青年的十二封信》
读《给青年的十二封信》

读《给青年的十二封信》

——二〇一三年十月十五日昨天,因为要到校本部参加几个活动,而且活动时间安排的特别分散,所以早早就决定在那里呆上一整天不回校区。早晨天刚刚亮,睁眼便是淅淅沥沥的小雨,雨点虽然不大,但是刮个不停的秋风把人整的够呛。这更加坚定了我之前的决定:妹的绝对不能在周末还傻逼呵呵的捧本四级单词书死去活来的背,得抽出点时间来看看“闲书”了。说是抽出点时间来看闲书,其实一天的时间下来基本上只干了三件事:早晨的体检、中午到天津电视台充当群众演员和晚上听关于党团知识的讲座。虽然这些事看起来是一些琐碎的小事,但是带给我的感触和收获特别的多。至于这些收获和感触究竟是什么我就不在这里说了,因为我发现我啰嗦了这么一大段的话,还是没有写到关于朱光潜先生《给青年人的十二封信》的半个字。

先生的几篇小文被我用零零散散的一个多小时给看完了。看完之后,我由衷的感受到了久违的一种内心的安顿,这种感受最近一次出现是在我高考之后读周国平散文的时候才出现的。我不像一些才人一般,能够在拜读过先生的作品后,论古述今、引章摘句、洋洋洒洒的写下上万字的溢美之词。但是我想尽我最大的努力描绘一下我拜读过先生作品后的感受,一则为了和朋友们一同分享我的感受,一则为了能够再次品味一番内心久违的安顿。

在第一封信中,先生便向我们提出了关于读书的问题。他认为当时的(当然,这也同样适用于现在的青年)青年在读书时普遍存在以下几个问题:第一,总是抱着非本专业的书不读的态度;第二,以为时常读课程规定的书便是一种读书习惯;第三,过分盲目的相信“青年必读书目”的谎话。在先生看来,读书至关重要的是兴趣,青年人读什么书应依赖青年人自己的兴趣选择,而非盲目听信“青年必读书目”的误导,这一则是因为人只有对自我感兴趣的事物才会有深入下去的倾向,一则是因为不同行业、不同兴趣的推荐书目的人所推荐的书目大相径庭。此外,先生还建议青年人每天抽出一点儿空闲时间读书,特别是读非本专业的书籍,这样的做法有助于培养青年人读书的习惯,因为这种习惯在人到中年的时候是十分难以培养出来的。读书的习惯,一经培养出来,对人是十分有益的,它不仅能够帮助人开阔自己的眼见,拉近在世之人与业已辞世之人的距离,而且还能够使我们养成潜心静气、平稳踏实的心性。先生在第一封信中就向青年朋友提出读书的问题,可见先生对我们良苦的用心以及读书对于青年人人生发展的重要性。

在谈完关于读书的问题后,先生紧接着在第二封和第三封信中谈到了动与静。所谓动,就是尽性,再说通俗一点就是放纵自我,从而使自我感到原始的满足。

当然了,这种放纵必须是于己于他人都无害的。陶渊明在辞官归隐、常住草堂后,开始每天早晨把屋内的砖头搬到屋外,晚上的时候又把砖头搬回屋内。或许有人听完这样看似傻X的行为后要开始议论了:这不是脑子有病吗?搬来搬去什么也没有改变。其实,如果我们仔细的想一想,就会发现并不是什么也没有改变。虽然砖头依旧是在屋内与屋外间移动,但是陶渊明本人达到了“动”的效果。终日下来,可以说这位老人从中获得了不少原始发自内心的快乐,这种快乐是外部的物质的增益无法带来的。青年在寻找“动”的乐趣的同时,还不应当忘记“静”的享受。所谓静,是指一个人的感受力。看看从古到今的一些诗人作家,他们的感受力都是超乎常人的,也正因此,他们才能从一些在常人看来稀疏平常的事物中找到乐趣。正如一句诗云“问渠那得清如许,为有源头活水来。”平平的一汪活水,便可在诗人的笔下造出如此美景。青年,就是应该“动静结合”,过得朴实平淡,但却乐在其中。

在第四封(《谈学生与社会运动》)与第五封《谈十字街头》)信中,先生开始关注起青年与当时国情的联系。他鼓励青年人能不畏强权,站上十字街头向不合理的传统与习俗宣战,亦即,他强调青年人要打破俗规陈矩,敢于创新。这在今天对于我们来说也是十分适用的。同时与之联系紧密的是先生鼓励青年们为国家、为民族大胆的做贡献。他援引蔡孑民先生的话“读书不忘救国,救国不忘读书”来告诫青年人时时刻刻想着为祖国做贡献,时时刻刻不忘靠读书来为祖国做贡献。在当时的形势下,青年们是极易激动的,他们频频出现在各类的反对列强军阀的运动中。先生用此语既肯定了青年们的爱国热情,又深刻的指出了青年学生运动的方向:并非盲目的运动,而是有目的、有计划、有准备的运动。在读到这两封信的时候,先生的一句话对我印象十分深刻:“一种社会最可怕的不是民众肤浅顽劣,因为民众通常都是肤浅顽劣的。它所可怕的是没有在肤浅卑劣的环境中而能不肤浅不卑劣的人。”个中意思,需要我们细细品味。通过这两封信,先生教导了青年应该如何处理自我与社会国家的关系。

从第六封信开始,先生给青年们的教导就主要着眼于他们自我的内在修养与人生发展了。关于青年的内在修养,第六封《谈多元宇宙》、第九封《谈情与理》和第十封《谈在卢浮宫的一个感想》分别教导了青年三种内在修养:对待不同事物的合理态度、理智与情感的抉择、正确的对待效率价值观。

先生是用“多元宇宙”的概念展开青年对待不同事物的合理态度的指导的。“多元宇宙”指每个人都存在于几个宇宙中,有“道德宇宙”、“科学宇宙”和“情感宇宙”等等。在不同的宇宙中,应当有不同的评判事物的标准。比如说在“道德宇宙”中,对某个事物的评判应基于其是善是恶,而在“科学宇宙”中,对某个事物的评判则应基于其是真是假。任何宇宙都不得侵犯其它宇宙,否则会引起

难以想象的结果。中世纪与文艺复兴之际,正是因为伽利略与哥白尼被本应用“科学宇宙”的评判标准评判,但却被教会的“道德宇宙”的评判标准评判而受难。可见,青年在自我的生活中,应当时刻谨记采取合理的态度与方法来评判一件事物。只有这样,才能够帮助事物的合理发展并体现出青年的自身修养。

在理智与情感的抉择中,先生是提倡青年多加关注情感的。根据佛洛依德一派的看法,理智永远都无法胜过情感,因为在某个人的行为发生的时段,它往往是内发不自觉的动用情感,只有当行为结束后,他才有可能用理智来给行动作评价甚至是下定义。先生通过“隐情感”这一理论以及为孝应当发自内心的观点(“问理道德”与“问心道德”之辩)解释了他提倡青年多加关注情感的原因。其中种种教诲,不但有强烈的说服力,而且还不失强大的感染力,让青年既在感情上、又在理性判断上深深信服。

至于合理的效率价值观,先生给青年指出了盲目追求效率之蔽,这种为美国人欢迎并推广至世界效率价值观让人失去了平心静气享受生活的耐心。当紧密的时间表成为一个人行动的唯一依据时,他将再难以找到生活的乐趣,即使找到,也无法享受。试想想,如果一个人连生活的乐趣都找不到,他还可能做好什么唯需深入耐苦才能做得到的事。《蒙娜丽莎》或许会成为绝迹,因为观赏它的人只是花费一分钟的时间在画像面前感叹、赞美和拍照,人们从来都不能静静的伫立一会儿,仔细看看这世上最美的微笑。艰苦卓绝的品质,往往是与享受生活的性情结伴而行的。

先生剩余的四封信,一封为《谈升学与选课》,在那个时代就指出了枉以“欧美学校”自称的一些大学诓骗学生的现象,只不过那时的学生大部分是不了解实情,被骗进去的。而非至今愈演愈烈的“留学热”,可以算得上是“一个愿打一个愿挨”。几十年前的问题,何以当今仍旧存在而且还过分变态?这值得我们思考。再说《谈读书》一文,先生明确的否定了“作文需要天赋”的看法,鼓励青年可以积极的练习作文,从临摹和写实开始,一直到写情,循序渐进,不断提升。这也是法国作家福楼拜教导其徒莫泊桑写作技巧中的一点,个中原因,无需多述。

至此,我已将近叙述完我从先生那里学到的东西,其中的第十二封信(《谈人生与我》)由于当时图书馆闭馆时间已到,没能读完。只剩下第十封信(《谈摆脱》),也是我体会最深的一封信,需要啰嗦几句。在这第十封信中,先生以一部古希腊悲剧家索福克勒斯(约前496—前406)的《安提戈涅》为引子,提出了青年应当如何处理矛盾的问题。《安提戈涅》整剧,共有三处矛盾,一处是国王身份的克瑞翁与家长身份的克瑞翁的矛盾,一处是国民身份的安提戈涅与妹妹身份的安提戈涅的矛盾,还有一处是儿子身份的海蒙与未婚夫身份的海蒙的矛盾。总之,每个矛盾都需要其面对者作出坚决的选择,要么成就其一,毁弃其二,要

么成就其二,毁弃其一,如果矛盾面对者在选择方面犹豫不决的话,那就可能出现二者都被毁弃的情况。因此,先生告诉我们,处理矛盾最忌讳的不是权衡矛盾双方的利弊,而是优柔寡断的不肯做出选择。想想现在的大学生活,何尝不是如此?上帝给了我们每个人二十四个小时的时间,这是公平的,这种公平不仅仅督促着我们要加倍努力的学习、成长或是工作,而且还暗示着我们要懂得适可而止、学会知足,决不能既掰玉米、又摘西瓜,把二十四个小时妄想成一年来办事。

读罢先生的文章,虽说只是明白了一些简简单单的为人处世的道理,但这世间行的通的大道理,又有哪个不是简单易懂的呢?就算是一些复杂的道理,不也是要被学者们逐步剖析,直到化解为一些放之四海而皆准的简单道理才能够被社会接受吗?因此,学问无复杂与简单之分,就算是有,也是简单学问占主导地位的。写来写去,总是一些闲言碎语,最后还是比不过我们亲力亲为,真正的拜读先生的文章,只有这样,各人才能获得各人的感受,朋友也才可以拿他的感受与我的对比吧。因此,诸君须记,闲暇之余,不妨拿出先生文章一读。

英语作文关于读书的好处

In this modern materialistic world, the majority of people are in hot pursuit of material gains, and money is considered the most valuable thing of all, which, personally speaking, is quite superficial. As far as I am concerned, reading is much more valuable than anything else, for it can benefit us in many ways. The old saying, “to open a book is always beneficial” vividly shows how valuable reading is. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that reading is a very important way to gain knowledge. Reading is like travelling, the process of which enables you to experience the colorful world and enlarge your eyes scope. By reading history books, you can understand how a regime prospers or collapses, helping you draw useful lessons and develop more wisdom. By reading books of science, you can keep yourself informed in the field of scientific endeavors, thus appreciating how science creates wonders. In a word, reading can enrich your knowledge and get whatever information you need. In addition, you can get mental encouragement from reading and improve yourself in all aspects. For instance, the stories of well-known people in books help turn an aimless person into an ambitious one, setting up a short or long-term goal for himself. If the daily troubles make you feel desperate, then you will be mentally stroked and encouraged by reading how famous people such as Beethoven made miracles in the face of insurmountable difficulties. Books are a great source of mental encouragement, giving you motives to move forward. Finally, reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our joy when we are in high spirits, and lessens our sorrow when we are discouraged. Reading will always bring us enjoyment and satisfaction. Good books also serve as gentle companions or faithful friends that will never betray us. While reading, we don’t feel lonely. Books are ready to give us whatever we need such as knowledge, friendship and encouragement. To sum up, reading is undoubtedly beneficial to you. To open a book is like opening a door, through which you will enter a museum, where all man-made wonders and unique wisdoms are available for you to appreciate; to open a book is like opening a window, through which you can enjoy fresh air、blue sky and wonderful natural landscapes , making you feel refreshed

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竭诚为您提供优质的服务,优质的文档,谢谢阅读/双击去除 初中经典英语作文开头|英语作文开头 优美句子 在初中的英语写作中,作文开头又有哪些较为经典的佳句呢?学生不妨多加积累。下面是小编整理的一些关于初中经典英语作文开头的相关资料,供你参考。 初中经典英语作文开头精选 1.recentlytheproblemof…hasarousedpeoplesconcern.最近,……问题已引起人们的关注。

2.recentlytheproblemof…hasbeenbroughttopublicattention.最近,……问题已引起公众的广泛关注。 3.recently,theproblemof…hasbeenbroughtintofocus.最近,……问题已成为关注的焦点。 4.manisnowfacingabigproblem— (pollution,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.人们现在正面临一个很大的问题—污染,而且正日益严重。 5.haveyoueverthoughtof…?你是否曾经想过……? 6.Therewillsurelybenoagreementamongpeopleastotheiss uewhether…就……问题,人们肯定不会有一致的看法。

初中经典英语作文开头推荐 1.Internethasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole inourdayto-daylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuth ascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.(互联网)已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。 2.oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusatpresentis…目前,我们面临的严重问题之一是…… 3.Therehasbeenaheatedargumentaboutwhether…就是否……而言,人们讨论热烈。 4.perhapsweneedtoreconsiderthetraditionalwaysofdoin git.或许,我们需要重新考虑传统的做事方法。

大学生谈恋爱的利与弊The Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students Fall in Love(大学英语作文)

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阅读的好处英语作文

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读书的好处 英语作文带翻译

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