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M5U2 必修五第二单元重点词汇精讲及练习

Unit 2 The environment

1. survival (P. 21) n. 幸存，生还

the problem of survival 生存问题the survival of the fittest 适者生存

a survival from ancient times古代遗物

【拓展】

survive vi. & vt. 幸免于；从……逃生，幸存，活下来

survive sth.幸免于某事survive sb.比某人活得长

survivor n. 幸存者survivor of an air raid 空袭的幸存者

练习：

1) With the help of the government, a large number of people ______ after the flood in 1997.

A. survived

B. suspended

C. suffered

D. urged

2) 这场地震只有五个村民幸免。

Only five villagers ___________________________.

3) 很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。

It was lucky that the boy ___________________.

4) 他比他妻子多活好几年。He _________________ for many years.

5) 健康的环境对于我们人类的生存是重要的。

A healthy environment _____________________.

2. nature n. 大自然；本性；性质

against nature 违反自然（规律）by nature 生就、生来

in nature 本质上the law of nature 自然界的法则

human nature 人性 a man of gentle nature 性格温和的男人

natural adj. 大自然的；天生的；与自然有关的

natural resources 天然资源natural food 天然食品

It is natural that… = It is natural for + n. + to do ……做……是理所当然的

naturally adv.自然地；天生地

练习：

1) 最近那类书普遍受欢迎。

Books _________________ are popular these days.

2) 猫生来就爱干净。Cats are_____________ very clean.

3) 他的问题本质上属于个人问题。His problem was personal ____________.

4) 她有插花的天赋。She has ______________ for arranging flowers.

5) 他反对那样的计划是理所当然的。

______________ he should oppose the plan like that.

=It is natural _____ ______ _____ _________ ______ the plan like that.

6) 这些花从前到处自然生长。

These flowers____________________ here and there.

3. debate (P. 22)v & n. 辩论、争论、争辩

debate about / on sth. 争论某事debate sth with sb. 与某人争论某事

(sth be) under debate 正在讨论中

辨析：debate与argue

debate多指在公开、正式的场合进行辩论或严肃的争论，双方各自陈述理由，“交锋、往返”的意味较强。

argue不及物动词，指一方坚持自己的意见、立场和观点，提出争论企图说服对方。argue

的名词为argument.

练习：

1)到目前为止，对于这些问题几乎还没有进行过公众讨论。

As yet there has been little public _____________ these issues.

2)他们总是为钱而争吵。

They are always ___________________________________.

3)我们讨论了好几个小时才投票。

We ______________________________________ taking a vote.

4)整个赔偿问题还在讨论中。(debate n.)

The whole question of compensation is ____________________.

5)After a long _______, the bill was passed by the House of the Commons.

A. argue

B. debate

C. discuss

D. quarrel

4. voice v.表达，吐露n. 呼声，意见，发言权

voice one’s opinion发表意见

练习：

1)这个城市的大批清洁工举行罢工，以表达他们对低工资的不满。

A crowd of dustmen in this city went on strike __________________about their low pay.

2) 发言人表示了工人的不满情绪。

A spokesman __________________dissatisfaction.

3) 新计划实施前，我们愿意倾听一下学生和家长的意见。

Before this new plan comes into effect, we would like to hear ______________the students and their parents.

4) 工人要求在管理决策上有发言权。

The workers want ____________in management decisions.

【注】voice作名词“声音”的用法及与sound等词的辨析可参看模块四Unit3注释18。5. wipe out 消灭，摧毁

【拓展】

wipe v. 擦、拭或揩某物wipe the dishes/table把碟子擦干/擦桌子

wipe one’s eyes/nose擦干眼泪/擦鼻子wipe sh. clean/dry把某物擦干净/擦干

wipe sth. away/off/ from 擦净或擦掉某物

wipe (away) the tears from one’s eyes擦（掉）眼泪

wipe the writing from the blackboard把黑板上的字擦掉

wipe (up) the split milk off the floor把洒在地板上的牛奶擦干净

wipe a recording off (a tape)抹掉磁带上录制的内容

wipe out one’s debts还清债务

练习：

1)整个村庄都被海啸吞噬了。The whole village _______________ by the tsunami.

2) 政府竭力清除毒品买卖活动。

The government is trying ________________ drug trafficking.

3) 今年亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了。

This year’s losses have ______________last year’s profits.

4) He did business to make a living, but last week he all his money.

A. tried out

B. carried out

C. turned out

D. wiped out

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a57381418.html,y vt. 放、置；产卵

lay eggs 产卵lay the table 摆放桌子

lay stress / emphasis on sth 强调某事

辨析：lay与lie

lie不及物动词：位于；躺；说谎。tell a lie/lies 撒谎lie in （原因）在于lie躺、位于过去式：lay 过去分词：lain

lie撒谎过去式：lied 过去分词：lied

lay摆放过去式：laid 过去分词：laid

练习：

1)我总是知道她什么时候在说谎。

I always know ________________________.

2)丈夫出海时，她往往担忧得每夜都躺着无法入睡。

She _______________ awake at night worrying while her husband was out at sea.

3)帝国主义的薄弱之处在于缺乏人民的支持。

The weakness of the imperialism ___________ its lack of support from the people.

4)He ______ on the ground ______ to me that his hen _______ two eggs a day.

A. lied; laying; had laid

B. lay; lying; had laid

C. laid; lay; had lain

D. lay; lied; has laid

7.grow to增加到，增长到(increase to/ rise to/ climb to)

grow by 增加了，净增了(increase by/ rise by)

grow into逐渐成长为，变为grow up长大，逐渐发展，形成

grow apart from sb.与某人逐渐疏远

grow v.扩大，增强；生长，发育；长大，长高link-v 变得；逐渐成为

练习：

1）这所学院的学生人数已经增长到5000多人。

________________________________________ over 5,000.

2) 价格攀升到了令人难以置信的水平。

The price ___________________ an unbelievable number.

3) 去年公司的利润增加了5%。The company’s profits_____________________.

4) 自从我上次见到你，你又见长了。

____________________ since the last time I saw you!

5) 时间长了，他越来越没耐心。

As time went on he __________________________.

6) 我肯定你慢慢就会喜欢她了。I’m sure you’ll _________________ in time.

7) 他在北京长大。He ______________ in Beijing.

8) 这两个女孩的关系越来越亲密。

A closeness ____________ between the two girls.

9) 她正在学着适应作为母亲的新角色。

She’s still ____________________ as a mother.

10) 她毕业后就与同学疏远了。

When she left school she _________________________.

8. six times

表示倍数的几个句型

--- times as +形容词/副词原级+as---

--- times +the+性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth---)+of---

--- times+形容词比较级+than---

练习：

1) 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。

______________________________________.

2) 我们的教室是隔壁教室的四倍大。

Our classroom is ______________ as big as the one next to ours.

3) 这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。

The building is______ _______ _______ that one.

4) 你们的游泳池是我们的五倍大。

Your swimming pool is five times______ _______ of ours.

5) At rough estimate, Nigeria is _______ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as

B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of

D. three times the size of

9. catch v. 抓住，赶上（公共汽车，火车，飞机等）；听见；理解；传染（疾病）

catch hode of 抓住，握住catch one’s breath（由于恐惧、震惊等）屏息，屏气catch sb’s eye引起某人注意，若人注目be/get caught in突然遭受，碰上，遇到catch up with赶上，追上catch fire着火

catch sight of 察觉，瞥见catch one’s interest引起，激发某人的兴趣练习：

1）你能引起服务员的注意吗？_____________________________?

2）我们在回家路上遇上了大雨。

We __________________________ on the way home.

3）他因病休学一学期，不得不努力学习好赶上其他同学。

He had to work hard to _____________________ after missing a term through illness. 4) 那头熊走近他，他屏住了呼吸。

When the bear went close to him, he _______________.

5) 她试图从他身边挤过去，他一把抓住了她的胳膊。

He ____________________ as she tried to push past him.

6) 不要乱丢烟头，草很容易着火。

Don’t throw cigarette end about. _________________________.

7) 我得走了，我要赶火车。I must go to ________________.

8) 我的感冒想必是你传染的。I think I must ______________________.

10. cut back (on) 减少，削减，缩减

cut across走捷径cut away砍去cut up切碎，剁碎

cut down砍倒；消减；使---降价cut through开辟（出路或通道）

cut in (on sb./sth.)打断（谈话）；插嘴；超车抢道

cut off切掉，砍掉；中断（电话通话）cut out切掉；删掉

练习：

1) 他在盘子上把肉切成小块。He ________________ on the plate.

2) 囚犯们切断铁丝网开出一条路逃之夭夭。

The prisoners _____________________ the barbed wire.

3) 我们电话打到一半就断线了。

We ________________in the middle of our conversation.

4）我们谈话时她老插嘴。She ____________________ our conversation.

5）我们若不能多销，就必须减产。

If we don’t sell more we’ll have to _________________________.

6) 我们不能再消减费用了。We can’t ______________________ any more.

7）请把不重要的细节删去。Please _________________________.

8) He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world.

A. cut out

B. cut off

C. cut up

D. cut through

11. turn into 把---变成

turn in交还，上交turn around 转过去，转身

turn away解雇；转过脸去，把---打发走turn down调低，拒绝，摒弃，（使）折起来turn on / off 打开/ 关（自来水、电灯、收音机等）

turn out生产，结果是--- turn over（使）翻过来；（使）翻倒；交给，移交turn to指向，转向；求助于，依赖turn up向上，向上翻；调高；出现，露面

练习：

1)毛毛虫可以变成蝴蝶。Caterpillars ________________ butterflies.

2)他拒绝了她的帮助。He __________________ her offer.

3)父母睡着了，我不得不将收音机音量调低。

I have to _____________________because my parents are sleeping.

4)医生是不能见死不救的。A doctor cannot ____________a dying man.

5)尽管我们很担心，一切都很顺利。

Despite our worries, everything_______________.

6)我们约好7:30见面，但他根本没露面。

We arranged to meet at 7:30, but he never _______________.

7)你翻个身，也许入睡容易些。If you _____________, you might find it easier to get to sleep.

8)Under the present system, state enterprises must ______ all profits to the government.

A. turn down

B. turn up

C. turn out

D. turn in

12. expand vi. 扩张，增加，增强；使变大；vt.使增强

expansion n.扩展；扩大；发展；展开expand on sth.阐述或详述某事

练习：

1)这家公司在苏格兰建立了新工厂，从而扩大了其经营范围。

The company ____________________in Scotland by building a new factory there.

2)金属受热则膨胀。Metals ___________ when they are heated.

3)为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？

Why not try to _________________________?

4)热使气体膨胀。Heat causes _______________ of gases.

5)Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.

A. exploded

B. exposed

C. explored

D. expanded

13. last adj. 最后的；最终的；最不可能的

adv. 在最后，上次v. 延续，持续，维持

lasting adj. 持续一段很长时间的

练习：

1）六月的最后一个星期日___________________

2）刚过去的星期二_________________

3）他知道这是他获胜的唯一希望了。

He knew__________________________.

4）他是最不可能保密的人。He is _____________________________.

5）我上次见到他是两年前在纽约。__________________________________.

6）你看这样的好天气能维持多久？

_______________________________________.

7）He came last in the race. __________________________.

8）Parents’ behavior has a lasting effect on their children.

_________________________________.

9）This is the last place where I expected to meet you. ________________________。

14. It is obvious that…显然

obviously adv. It is clear/ necessary/ true that…显然、很必要、的确

练习：

1）大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待。

________________to everyone__________________________________.

2）他显然需要帮助。____________________________.

3）It is true that he once worked as a doctor. _______________________.

15. I do agree 我确实同意

用do, does, did 来强调谓语动词。

练习：

1）一定早点来。____________________!

2）他上周确实给你寄过信。________________________.

3）她的确打算来，我们非常高兴。

We’re pleased_________________________.

4) －You didn’t lock the back door.

－You are wrong. I______.

A. have locked it

B. lock it myself

C. did lock it

D. do lock it

5）An awful crash between an express train and a bus ______, however, occur the other day .

A. does

B. did

C. has to

D. had to

6) He ______ much progress last term, which made his parents happy.

A. do make

B. did make

C. does make

D. did made

16. product

produce指一切农产品或天然产品的总称，不可数名词。

product可数名词，侧重于工业品或农业加工品，有时也用于由于体力或脑力产生的东西。production指生产的活动，生产的量，及文艺等智力方面的作品，指文学作品时是可数名词。练习：

1)农产品被火车运送到全国各地。

The field ___________ is shipped by train to other parts of the country.

2)在上海能买到各种土特产品。

We can buy ______________________in Shanghai.

3)我们的产品要有新的市场。We must have new markets________________.

4)在学校里以强凌若是竞争社会的产物吗？

Is bullying at school the__________________________?

5)作为作家，他的早期作品受到所有年龄层的欢迎。

His early ___________ as a writer ___________________.

6)我们努力运用更好的方法和工具增加生产。

We try our best ____________________ by using better methods and tools.

17. What if…? 是一个主从复合句的省略形式，“如果……将会怎么样？”

1) －I will not take an umbrella with me today.

－______ it rains later in the day?

A. How

B. What

C. How about

D. What if

2) 要是发生风暴怎么办？________________________________?

3）如果我们把画移到那边怎么样？________________________________?

18. delight n. 高兴，满意；vt. 使高兴，使欣喜

delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的delightful adj 令人愉快的；可喜的be delighted at/ by/ with sth. 听到……而感到高兴

be delighted to do /be delighted +that clause 因……而高兴

take /have /find delight in 喜爱，以……为乐

to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是with delight 高兴地，乐意地It’s a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事

练习：

1)______ our delight, he was admitted by Peking University.

A. To

B. In

C. With

D. For

2) ______ with what the students had done, the teacher praised them highly.

A. Delight

B. Delighting

C. Delighted

D. Being delighted

3) 听到我们队获胜的消息，我们都很高兴。

___________________________________________.

4）他以证实别人出错为快事。______________________________.

5）她读了这本书感到非常高兴。She read the book _____________.

19. not only…but also(P. 38)

a. 连接主语：

由于not only A but also B句式的重点在B上，所以谓语动词一般要与B保持人称和数的一致。例如：

Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.

不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。

补：not A but B, either A or B, neither A nor B, A or B等作主语时，谓语动词也与B一致。例如：

Either you or I am mad. 不是你而是我疯了。

b.not only…but also 除了连接两个主语之外，还可以连接两个谓语、宾语、表语、

补语、状语以及句子等。

注：not only…but also连接两个句子位于句首时，前面的句子要部分倒装，also可以省略。

eg. Not only did the students go into the classroom, but （also）the teacher went into the classroom, too.

练习：

①这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。

____ ____had the poor man been arrested ___ ____he had been sent to prison as well.

②不仅学生们对这件事有看法，而且那位教授也有自己的看法。

_____________________________have their own ideas on the matter, but also the professor.

③我们不但要对我们所做的事负责，而且要对我们没有去做的事负责。

It is what we have done what we have not done that we are responsible for.

④他不仅闻名中国，而且闻名全球。

______________________________________________________.

20.It is/was reported that sb/sth…据报道…

=sb/sth. is/was reported to do/to have done/to be doing/to be done/to have been done…

类似的词还有：believe, suppose, say, expect, think, know, etc.

练习：

①It is reported that the scientist invented a new kind of medicine.

=The scientist is reported ____ ____ ____ a new kind of medicine.

②It is said that he was a rich man in the past.

=He is said _____ _____ a rich man in the past.

③It is supposed that the students are working hard in the classroom.

=The students are supposed _____ _____ _____ hard in the classroom.

21.rely on 信任，信赖；依靠，依赖

rely on sth./doing sth.信赖…; rely on sb/sb’s doing依赖某人干…;

rely on sb to do sth依赖某人去干---; rely on A for B 依赖A为了B

练习：

①这天气是靠不住的。You can’t _____ _____ the weather.

②不要对去印度抱太大的希望。

Don’t _____ _____ _____ to India.

③不要对银行给你贷款抱太大的希望。

Do n’t _____ _____ the bank _____ you the money.

④你尽管信赖我一定会帮助你。You can ____ ____ me ____help you.

⑤他们用水只好依靠这条河了。

They have to ____ ____the river ____ their water.

辨析：rely on 与depend on 用法基本相同。

但depend on还有“取决于、视---而定”意思，不能用rely on代替。

①你可不能信赖约翰——他几乎总是迟到的。

You can’t _____ _____ John---he nearly always arrives late.

②国家（的经济）在很大程度上依靠其旅游业。

The country _____ heavily _____ its tourist trade.

③股票的价格视购买者的多少来定的。

The price of the shares will ____ _____ the number of who want to buy them.

22.under way 进行中，前进中

Our project is now well under way. 我们的计划正在顺利地进行着。

类似搭配：

under attack 遭受攻击；under control 在控制之中；

under discussion 在讨论中；under study 在研究中；

under repair 在修理中；under examination 在检查中；

under construction 在建设中；under consideration 在考虑中

练习：

①更换电脑的可能性仍在考虑中。

The _____ of replacing the computers remains _____ _____.

②虽然SARS的传播非常快，但在很多国家它已经在控制之中了。

SARS spreads very quickly, however, it has been ___ ____in many countries.

③国民保健制度遭到保守政府的猛烈抨击。

The National Health Service is very much ___ ___ from the Tory government.

④你提出的那个计划还在讨论之中。

The plan you put forward is still ______ ______.

23.drop n. 一滴v. 丢下，扔下

常用短语：

a drop of water 一滴水；drop sth; 丢下/放弃/中止某事；drop in 拜访;

drop by/in to see sb. 顺便看望某人；drop in on顺便拜访某人; drop in at顺便走访某地;

drop sb off让某人下车; drop sb. a line给某人写信; drop out退学; drop the ball犯错误；练习：

①昨天我去买东西时顺便走访了我的朋友。

I _____ _____ to see my friends when going shopping.

②他昨天忘记了给玛丽写信了。

__________________________________

③交谈本可以顺利进行下去，但约翰犯了错误，不得不中止。

The conversation could have been well under way, but it had to be _____, because John _____ _____ _____.

24.appreciate 欣赏；感激；理解,认识n, appreciation

人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点.doc

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educational[,edju:'keinl]adj.教育的convenience[kn'vi:njns]n.便利；方便 rough[rf]adj.粗糙的；粗暴的 roughly['rfli]adv.粗略地；粗糙地 Midlands英格兰中部地区（英） nationwide['neinwaid]adj.全国范围的 attract['trkt]vt.吸引；引起注意 historical[his'trikl]adj.历史（上）的architecture[':kitekt]n.建筑学；建筑艺术Romann.(古)罗马人adj.（古）罗马的collection[k'lekn]n.收藏品；珍藏；收集administrationn.管理；行政部门 port[p:t]n.港口（城市） countryside['kntri,said]n.乡下；农村enjoyableadj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑 opportunity[,p'tju:niti]n.机会；时机description[di'skripn]n.描写；描述furnished['f:nit]adj.装配好家俱的 fax[fks]n.传真（机）vt.用传真传输（文件）possibility[,ps'bilti]n.可能（性） plus[pls]prep.加上adj.加的；正的.；零上的quarrel['kw:rl]n.争吵；争论vi.争吵；吵架

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