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高中英语语法名词的种类讲解

名词的种类介绍

名词是表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

（一）普通名词

普通名词是指一类人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。其具体分类可用下表表示：

特别提示

一般来说，个体名词和集体名词是可以用数目来计算的，可以分成个体的人或东西，称为可数名词，有单、复数之分；物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，是不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西，称为不可数名词，通常只有单数，但某些具体情况下，也可以用复数。

（二）专有名词

专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、国家、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称，其中实词的首字母必须大写。

如：

John约翰

Tom汤姆

China中国

Beijing北京

the World Trade Organization世界贸易组织

特别提示

专有名词一般不加冠词，通常也没有复数形式。但若表示某姓的一家人或同姓、同名的若干人，可以加冠词或有复数形式。如：

Smith has already left for Hongkong.

史密斯已经去香港。

The Smiths are coming to our party tonight.

史密斯一家今晚要来参加我们的聚会。

There are two Toms in our class.

在我们班上有两个汤姆。

专有名词有时也可以当普通名词用，但是意义有所不同。如：

China中国，china瓷器

He is a Shakespeare.

他是一个莎士比亚。意思是“他文采很好”。

He is a living Lei Feng.

他是一个活雷锋。

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imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：

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必修一语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed

高中英语语法-名词

名词一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词 A. Abstract 抽象名词 advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation