人教版必修二第4讲：Unit2 The Olympic Games-语法篇(教师版)-word文档

Unit2 The Olympic Games-语法篇

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通过本节课的学习掌握一般将来时的被动语态的用法。

一般将来时的被动语态

一．常见结构

1.will/shall +be+done

Will those old buidings be pulled down next week?

2.be going to + be+done

This letter is going to be typed and sent off immediately.

3.be to + be+done

The question is to be discussed at the next meeting.

4.will/shall+get+done

The workers will get paid before the end of December.

二．基本用法

一般将来时的被动语态表示“……将要被……”,其意义有：

1.表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作；

The work will be finished in two days.

2.表示有固定条件就会规律性结果。

Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam.

3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。

If I am given enough time, I will go to Hawaii for my holiday.

如果我有足够的时间，我将会去夏威夷度假。

注意：

(1)短语动词变被动时不能漏掉介词或副词。

(2)含有情态动词的被动结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

(3)含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中的一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一个宾语保持不变，需在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

He will tell me a funny story.

I will be told a funny story.

A funny story will be told to me.

(4)主动句谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保持不变(这时的

宾语补足语成为主语补足语)。

(5)使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：

在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如：

He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this．

When the dam is completed，the Changjiang River will be controlled．

三．不能变为被动语态的情况。

1.连系动词、不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。

The story happened last year.

2.有些及物动词也没有被动语态。如：have(有)，equal(等于)，fit(适合)，hold(容纳)，join(参加)，mean(意味着)，last(持续)，cost(花费)，look like(看起来)，belong to(属于)等。

The book costs him 20 dollars.

3.动词look, smell ,sound, feel, taste用作连系动词时，不用于被动语态，但有被动含义。

Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。

4.一些动词，像write, sell, wash, open, wear, lock等，如表示主语的性能时，不用被动语态。

The pen writes well. 这支笔书写流利。

例1.(2019甘肃天水期末) –Has the problem been solved?

-Not yet. It _________at tomorrow’s meeting.

A. is discussed

B. has discussed

C. will be discussed

D. had discussed

解析：由句意可知“这个问题还没有解决，这个问题需在明天的会议上讨论。”这里的“it”指代的为“the problem”它和动词discuss之间为动宾关系，且时间是tomorrow所以要用一般将来时的被动。答案：C

例2. (2019安徽阜阳期中) I have been told that the medical team, ______five doctors and ten nurses, _____sent to the flood –stricken area.

A. consisted of; are to be

B. is consisted of; will be

C. consisting of; is to be

D. consisting of; had been

解析：考查现在分词做定语和时态：句意：我被告知由5个医生10个护士组成的医疗小组将要被送往洪灾地区。consist of= be made up of用的时候是主动的，非谓语结构式consisting of，第一空排除AB，主句是I’ve been told从句中不可能是过去完成时，用be to do表示将来时。

答案：C

例3. (2019吉林长春期中) Only when your identity has been checked_________.

A. you are allowed to

B. you will be allowed in

C. will you allow in

D. will you be allowed in

解析：考查倒装句和语态。Only放在句首,且强调状语的时候,使用部分倒装的形式,本题only放在句首,强调的是时间状语从句when your identity has been checked故使用部分倒装的形式.根据句意说明使用被动的形式.句意：只有当你的身份被检查以后,你才被允许进入。综合可知本题答案。

答案：D

例4. (2019四川）More expressways _________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

A. are being built

B. will be built

C. have been built

D. had been built

解析：考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，且主语expressways和谓语动词built之间为动宾关系，所以要有被动语坊。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。

答案：B

例5.( 2019安徽) It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.

A. will be building

B. will be built

C. has been building

D. has been built “解析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，

答案：B

基础演练

一．单项选择。从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

( )1. We are told that a new car factory _____ here next year.

A. will set up

B. will be set up

C. would set up

D. would be set up ( )2. The 2019 Olympic Games _____ in Beijing; several big changes _____ in the capital city.

A. is held; will make

B. will be held; will make

C. will be held; will be made

D. is held; make ( )3. You _____ to take so much luggage with you on the plane.

A. will be allowed

B. will allow

C. won’t be allowed

D. won’t allow ( )4. You _____ around our school this afternoon. Now, please have a good rest.

A. are shown

B. were shown

C. are going to be shown

D. will show ( )5. Can you tell me by whom the talk _____ tomorrow?

A. will give

B. will be given

C. give

D. be given

Keys:

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.C

5.B

二．用括号里动词的适当形式填空。

More and more students will study in our school, so it______________(become) much larger. The eng ineers__________(design) a project now. a new building___________(set) up. The playground__________ (rebuild). New equipment ________(buy) when the project__________(finish). More books________(kee p) in the library. We can____________(enjoy) reading in the bright reading room. There________(be)many trees and flowers in the school. We___________(see) a beautiful and modern school next year.

Keys: will become are designing will be set will be rebuild will be bought

is finished will be kept enjoy will be will see

巩固提高

一．把下面的句子改为被动语态。

1.They will give her a gold medal.

2.The construction workers will put down the old temple.

3.They will read The Music of Chance by Paul Auster.

4.The rabbits will eat the carrots.

5.The Russian businessman will buy the famous painting by Xu Beihong.

6.The teacher will mark the students’ homework tonight.

7.They will make some parts of the car in the factory.

8.They will finish this project in five years.

9. We will build a new house next year.

10.My mother will give me a T-shirt.

Keys:

1.She will be given a gold medal.

2.The old temple will be pulled down.

3.The Music of Chance by Paul Auster will be read.

4. carrots will be eaten by the rabbits.

5.The famous painting by Xu Beihong will be bought by the Russian businessman.

6.The students’ homew ork will be marked tonight.

7.Some parts of the car will be made in the factory.

8.This project will be finished in five years.

9.A new house will be built ( by us ) next year.

10.I will be given a T-shirt ( by my mother ).

一．按要求完成下列各题。

1.They will give her a gold medal.（被动语态）

2.The construction workers are going to put down the old temple.（被动语态）

3. We are to repair the machine tomorrow.（被动语态）

4. These trees are going to be cut down . (否定式）

5.Many new sport venues will be built for the Olympic Games.(一般疑问句)

6. The sports meeting is to be held on Dec. 5.

7.The football match is going to be held in our school next week .

Keys:

1.She will be given a gold medal.

2.The old temple is going to be pulled down.

3.The machine is to be repaired by us tomorrow.

4. trees are not going to be cut down．

5.Will many new sport venues be built for the Olympic Games?

6.When is the sports meeting to be held?

7.Where is the football match going to be held next week?

二．单选选择。

( )1. These films ______ until tomorrow morning.

A. can’t develop

B. aren’t developing

C. won’t be developed

D. won’t develop ( )2. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.

A. lose

B. will be lost

C. are lost

D. will lose

( )3. —A party is going to ______ tonight. Would you like to go with me?

—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother

A. organize

B. have been organized

C. be organizing

D. be organized ( )4. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______.

A. will be taken

B. are taken

C. were taken

D. had been taken ( )5. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meet ______ in the playground of our school.

A. is holding

B. will hold

C. will be held

D. is to be holding ( )6. The problem ______ in the coming meeting.

A. is discussed

B. is discussing

C. is being discussed

D. will be discussed ( )7. The mistakes in the exercises will ______ the teacher.

A. cross

B.be crossing

C.be crossed by

D. cross by

( )8. If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at dinner.

A. are not kept; will have to

B. are not kept; have

C.do not keep; will have to

D.do not keep; have to

( )9. The sports meeting ______ .

A. is put off

B.is to put off

C.is to be put off

D. puts off

( )10. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.

A. has completed

B. completes

C. has been completed

D.is completed ( )11. The work ______ soon.

A. will be finished

B. has been finished

C. will finish

D. finishes

( )12. I ______ if I finish the work on time.

A. shall be praised

B. would praise

C. will praise

D. praise

Keys: 1-5 C B D B C 6- 10 D C A C D 11-12 A A

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_________________________________________________________________________________ 一．单项选择。

1. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.

A. designed

B. has been designed

C. will be designed

D. will have been designed

2. We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.

A. will already have started

B. would already have started

C. shall have already started

D. has already been started

3. She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.

A. is taken

B. takes

C. will be taken

D. has taken

4. Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.

A. is found

B. has been found

C. was found

D. had been found

5. “Have you moved to the new flat?”

“Not yet. The room ____.”

A. has been painted

B. is painted

C. paints

D. is being painted

6. My pictures ____until next Friday.

A. won’t develop

B. aren’t developed

C. d on’t develop

D. won’ t be developed

7. Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.

A. had been unemployed

B. was unemployed

C. has been unemployed

D. has unemployed

8. A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.

A. has been establish

B. have been established

C. have established

D. had been established

9. I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.

A. would be fined

B. will be fined

C. will being fined

D. will have been fined

10. “____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”

A. They have been given

B. I have been given

C. I am given

D. They have given to me

Keys:

1-5CAACD 6-10DCBBB

二．阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

As computers become all the more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes（笔画）of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.

Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer.

All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.

It’s faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that’s why computers are being applied more

and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.

“When I’m writing with a pen, I find I often can’t remember how t o write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with it.”

“I’m not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper.”

Many students don’t feel this is something to worry about. Now that it’s more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?

Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said “Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the write’s emotion. Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know one’s thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first im pression of them.”

To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的)and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.

( )1. Which of the following can BEST serve as the title of the passage?

A. The Importance of Handwriting and Typing

B. To Type or To Hand Write

C. Writing By Computer Will Replace Writing By Hand

D. Practical and Aesthetic Value of Chinese Characters

( )2. The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because .

A. they are usually asked to e-mail their homework and essays

B. they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and conveniently

C. they find it not easy to remember how to write a character

D. computers have become a trend and fashion in China

( )3. The underlined expression “taking stock in” in the fourth paragraph probably means . A. getting bored with B. getting dependent on

C. becoming crazy about

D. getting curious about

( )4. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that .

A. more and more students will give up writing on a computer

B. writing by hand will give way to typing by computer one day

C. more and more students will pay attention to handwriting

D. the typing article better expresses one’s emotion and quality

B

Some say everyday miracles(奇迹) are predestined(注定的)—the right time for the appointed meeting. And it can happen anywhere.

In 2019, 11-year-old Kevin Stephan was a bat b oy for his younger brother’s Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate, where another youngster was warming up for the next game. Swinging his bat back and forth, giving it all the power an elementary school kid could give. The boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin in the chest. His heart stopped.

When Kevin fell to the ground, the mother of one of the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown ha dn’t planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her son’s performance. She was given the night off. Penny bent over the senseless boy, his face already starting to turn blue, and giving CPR(心肺复苏术), breathing into his mouth and giving chest compressions. And he revived in the end.

After his recovery, he became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency first-aid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.

Kevin, now 18, was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming, customers in confusion, employees rushing toward a table. He hurried into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue, her hands at her throat. She was choking.

Quickly Kevin stepped behind her, wrapped his arms around her and clasped his hands. Then, using skills he’d first learned in Scouts. The food that was trapped in the woman’s throat was freed. The color began to return to her face.

“The food was stuck. I couldn’t breathe,” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.”

Who was the woman?

Penny Brown.

( )5. The author wrote the passage to show us that __________ .

A. miracles are predestined and they can happen anywhere

B. whoever helps you in trouble will get a reward one day

C. God will help those who give others a helping hand

D. miracles won’t come without any difficulty sometimes

( )6. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Kevin Stephan?

A. He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life.

B. He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players first-aid skills.

C. He worked part-time in a local restaurant to save money for college.

D. He saved Penny Brown though he didn’t really know how to deal with food choke.

( )7. Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night?

A. She was invited to give the players directions.

B. She volunteered to give medical services.

C. She was a little worried about his son’s safety.

D. She came to watch her son’s game and cheered him.

( )8. The underlined word “revived” in the third paragraph most likely means .

A. came back to life

B. became worse

C. failed

D. moved ( )9. When Kevin knew the woman was Penny Brown, probably he first felt __________.

A. happy

B. surprise d

C. sad

D. worried Keys:

1.选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕话题“我们学生应该依靠电脑还是应该手写作业”展开的。

2.选B 细节理解题。由第四段“It’s faster and easier to correct if using a computer”和第七段中的“

Now that it’s more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?”可知，学生依赖电脑是因为电脑方便，快捷，修改容易。

3.选B 词义猜测题。结合上文computer dependence和下文的表述不难推出，taking stock in的意思为“相信；依靠”。故B项为正确答案。

4.选C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍：许多小学把写字课已规定为必修课；在大学里，要求学生交书面作业。由此我们可以得出结论：今后越来越多的学生会重视书写。故C项为正确答案。

5.选A 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的写作目的：奇迹是注定的，无处不在。下文具体讲述了两个人的互救经历来证明这一观点。

6.选C 正误判断题。由第四段中“He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dish washer in a local restaurant in his spare time”可知，C项表述正确，符合题意。

7.选D 推理判断题。由第三段中“..., but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her son’s performance”可以推出Penny Brown是为了看她儿子的比赛,为他加油。

8.选 A 词义猜测题。由本句前句中的“Penny bent over the senseless boy”和下一段的“After his recovery”可以推出revived的意思为：苏醒; 醒了过来, 与senseless(昏迷,没有知觉)相对应。

9.选B 推理判断题。当Kevin知道Penny Brown正是七年前挽救他生命的那个人时，他的第一感觉应该是惊讶，意想不到；再结合本文的写作目的：奇迹无处不在，可以推出B项为正确答案。三．书面表达。

根据下列提示，以Building a Good Teacher-student Relationship为题，写一篇120—150词的英语短文。

1. 良好的师生关系是教学成功的根本保障。（guarantee）。

2. 以个人的经历说明良好的师生关系是双方共同努力的结果。

3. 如何对待师生间可能存在的误解。

Building a Good Teacher-student Relationship

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______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Key:

A good teacher- student relationship is one of the guarantees for successful teaching and learning. A good relationship leads to fruitful cooperation, that is, the teacher can guide his/her students more effectively and the students can learn more efficiently.

From my personal experience I conclude that an ideal teacher- student relationship depends on the common efforts. For example, we have developed a warm, friendly relationship with our English teacher. We admire her for the special efforts she poured into our class. Her lectures are always well prepared and delivered clearly. We also admire the fact that she spends time generously with us students after class. Inspired by her devotion, we study all the more diligently.

Of course, misunderstanding may occur once in a while. In this case, I think, both sides should be kind, patient and frank. By sitting down and having a good talk we can work out any trouble.

高中历史 人民版必修二专题三中国社会主义建设道路的探索测试题

专题三单元测试 1、1953年,中国共产党提出了过渡时期的总路线,其主要特点是( ) A. 土地改革运动和国民经济恢复并举 B. 没收官僚资本与建立国营企业相结合 C. 社会主义改造和社会主义建设并举 D. 暴力革命与和平赎买政策相结合 2、“文化大革命”爆发后,在“全面夺权”的狂潮中,国民经济受到严重影响,具体表现有( ) 国民经济计划因无法执行而被废置经济工作陷入瘫痪和半瘫痪状态交通运输堵塞市场供应紧张,人们生活水平下降 A. B. C. D. 3、下图选自1954年第1期的《人民画报》。与图片所示现象有关的运动是( ) A. 对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造 B. 对农业的社会主义改造 C. 土地改革运动 D. 人民公社化运动 4、下图所示照片可能拍摄于( )

A. 1927年 B. 1949年 C. 1953年 D. 1958年 5、下图选自1954年第1期的《人民画报》。与图片所示现象有关的运动是 ( ) A. 对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造 B. 对农业的社会主义改造 C. 土地改革运动 D. 人民公社化运动 6、深圳从一个贫穷的渔村变成一个国际化的大都市,有人以“一夜城”来形容深圳的迅速崛起。深圳经济的迅速发展得益于( ) A. 社会主义改造的完成 B. 农村经济体制改革的率先开展

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educational[,edju:'keinl]adj.教育的convenience[kn'vi:njns]n.便利；方便 rough[rf]adj.粗糙的；粗暴的 roughly['rfli]adv.粗略地；粗糙地 Midlands英格兰中部地区（英） nationwide['neinwaid]adj.全国范围的 attract['trkt]vt.吸引；引起注意 historical[his'trikl]adj.历史（上）的architecture[':kitekt]n.建筑学；建筑艺术Romann.(古)罗马人adj.（古）罗马的collection[k'lekn]n.收藏品；珍藏；收集administrationn.管理；行政部门 port[p:t]n.港口（城市） countryside['kntri,said]n.乡下；农村enjoyableadj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑 opportunity[,p'tju:niti]n.机会；时机description[di'skripn]n.描写；描述furnished['f:nit]adj.装配好家俱的 fax[fks]n.传真（机）vt.用传真传输（文件）possibility[,ps'bilti]n.可能（性） plus[pls]prep.加上adj.加的；正的.；零上的quarrel['kw:rl]n.争吵；争论vi.争吵；吵架

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采访 帕萨尼亚斯是2000年前的一位希腊作家，他在2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。 帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，并且我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你一些有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗? 李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的年代？当然，你可以问你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？ 帕：你们的奥运会多久举办一次？ 李：每四年一次。运动会主要有两种——夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年举行一次。冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到

它们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可以来自世界任何一个地方。 帕：冬季奥运会？冬天，运动员怎么享受比赛啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？ 李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛。但有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上进行。 帕：我明白了。之前你说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地，你指的是希腊世界？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！ 李：现在只要他们的运动员足够优秀，任何国家都能参赛。总共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有其自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参加比赛，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体赛等项目中起着非常重要的作用…‥ 帕：请等一下！所有那些项目，所有那些国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？

高中历史必修二专题三知识总结(人民版)

人民版高中历史必修二知识点总结 专题三中国社会主义建设道路的探索 专题线索： 党领导全国各族人民从新民主主义转变为社会主义和建设社会主义时期，有重大成就， 一、社会主义制度建立的背景 1、政治上：中华人民共和国成立 2、经济上：国民经济的恢复和发展，为国家开展有计划的经济建设和社会主义改造奠定了基础。 二、★过渡时期总路线 1、内容：一化三改造（一化：实现社会主义工业化；三改造：对农业、手工业、资本主 义工商业的社会主义改造） 2、实质：体现了社会主义建设和社会主义改造并举（即发展生产力和变革生产关系并举） 三、“一五计划”：根据过渡时期总路线制定“一五计划”： 1、基本任务： 一是集中发展重工业，建立社会主义工业化的初步基础。这是从中国工业基础特别是重工业基础薄弱的国情出发做出的必然选择； 二是建立对农业、手工业以及资本主义工商业进行社会主义三改造的基础。 四、第一个五年计划 1、标志着我国大规模的有计划的社会主义建设的开始是：第一个五年计划（1953——1957 年）； 2、第一个五年计划目的：把我国建设成社会主义工业化国家。 3、第一个五年计划中工矿业建设的突出成就有：鞍山钢铁公司三大工厂、长春第一制造 厂、沈阳机床厂和飞机制造厂等。 4、“一五计划”的意义：为社会主义工业化奠定了初步的基础。 五、★三大改造（农业、手工业、资本主义工商业） 1、时间：1953——1956年底，我国基本上完成三大改造， 2、内容：（1）农业——农业生产合作社 （2）手工业——手工业生产合作社 （3）资本主义工商业——公私合营

3、实质：使生产资料由私有制转变为社会主义公有制。 4、意义：标志着社会主义制度在中国基本建立起来。 六、《论十大关系》（1956年9月）：提出了开辟一条与苏联不同的中国社会主义建设道路的重大问 题的是。 七、中共八大 1、时间：1956年9月 2、背景：正确分析了国内形势和国内主要矛盾的变化 （1）国内形势：社会主义改造已经取得决定性的胜利，即三大改造的完成； （2）国内主要矛盾：即阶级矛盾已基本解决， 3、内容： （1）★八大确定的主要矛盾是：人民日益增长的物质需要和落后的生产力之间的矛盾；（先 进的社会制度和落后的生产力之间的矛盾）。 （2）中共八大确定的主要任务是：把我国尽快地从落后的农业国变为先进的工业国。 4、评价：中共八在提出的许多方针和设想富有创造性和正确性，是对我国建设社会主义 道路的一次成功探索。 八、“左”倾错误泛滥--大跃进和人民公社化运动 1、1958年中共八大二次会议提出总路线：“鼓足干劲，力争上游，多快好省地建设社会主 义”。 2、大跃进： （1）表现：大办工业、农业，片面追求经济发展的高速度和高指标——完全违反客观经济 规律。 （2）启示：社会主义建设必须实事求是，尊重客观规律。 3、人民公社化运动： （1）内容：一大二公：公有制程度高；绝对平均主义； （2）启示：生产关系的变革必须与生产力水平相适应。 4、★主要标志：高指标、瞎指挥、浮夸风、共产风 5、后果：是我党在探索中国的社会主义道路过程中一次严重的失误，造成1959—1961三 年经济困难。 6、面对三年经济困难，中共中央开始纠正农村工作中“左”的错误，对国民经济提出“调 整、巩固、充实、提高”的八字方针，其中核心为调整。调整的含义是：调整国民经济的 比例。 7、1966年国民经济呈上升趋势的原因有：1965年国民经济调整任务基本完成，经济建设 进入新的发展时期；“文革”动乱海没有扩展到经济领域。 九、文化大革命（1966—1976） 1、1973年国民经济的发展趋势是：复苏。原因是：周恩来主持中央日常工作，着手恢复 调整国民经济。 2、1975年国民经济的发展趋势是：迅速回升。原因是：邓小平主持中央日常工作，提出 全面整顿的思想。以铁路整顿为突破口。 十、★50－70年代社会主义建设的经验教训？ 1、社会主义建设必须从国情出发，正确分析国内主要矛盾。 2、始终坚持以经济建设为中心，把发展生产力放在首位。 3、从实际出发，实事求是，尊重客观规律，生产关系的变革必须与生产力水平相适应。 不能急于求成，片面追求高速度 4、保持社会安定团结，及时抓住发展机遇。

人民版历史必修二专题二第3课近代中国资本主义的历史命运 (5)

所用教材版本人民版所属模块必修2 单元\专题第2单元第三课设计主题近代中国资本主义的历史命运 1.整体设计思路、指导思想及依据的说明 本节内容理论性较强，相对比较枯燥，但条理清晰，主要讲了两个问题：中国民族资本主义在夹缝中求生存和在斗争中求发展。为了让学生掌握这两方面的内容，我依据新课程标准的要求，主要探讨在半殖民地半封建的社会条件下，资本主义在中国近代历史发展进程中的地位和作用。整体设计思路是运用多媒体教学，以学生为主体，创设情境，通过对材料和图片等资料的展示让学生去感悟那个时代民族资本主义的艰难发展历程，引导学生积极参与课堂教学，充分发挥学生的主动性，在教师与学生的共同活动中完成三维目标。 2. 学情分析 民族资本主义的产生和发展在初中有所涉及，但对“民族资本主义在中国历史发展进程中的作用和地位”涉及较少，学生的理解也不够深刻。高一学生通过对前两节内容的学习，对中国民族资本主义的发展状况已有了一定的知识储备，所以在教学中可以通过联系前面所学内容使学生深化对本节内容的认识，加深对这一问题的理解。 3. 教材分析（学习内容分析？） （包括对本课教学内容的教学定位分析；教学内容与结构分析；教学重点、难点）本课的教学是对前两节课学习内容的一个提升和总结。中国民族资本主义的发展在中国近代史上具有重要的历史地位，对中国近代历史和社会的发展产生了重大影响。 本节内容既要讲清中国民族资本主义在半殖民地半封建的社会状况下，它饱受三重大山的压迫艰难发展的历史；还要看到它的出现和发展不仅壮大了资产阶级的力量，为维新变法运动和民主革命运动提供了社会基础，也促使无产阶级队伍不断发展壮大，为新民主主义革命的到来和中国共产党的建立准备了阶级条件；它还推动了西方资产阶级思想文化的传播。学习本课不仅可以让学生了解民族资本主义发展的艰辛，也会让学生感受到资产阶级逆境中奋进的精神，使学生坚定为实现中国梦而奋斗的信念。 教学重点：1.帝国主义、本国封建主义和军阀官僚政府对民族工业的摧残与破坏 2.民族资产阶级斗争的目的 教学难点：1.为什么民族资产阶级不能领导中国革命取得胜利？

高中英语人教版必修二-Unit3-课文内容

高中英语人教版必修二-Unit3-课文内容

必修二Unit3 课文内容 1.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 本句是由并列连词and连接的并列句。and后的句子中before引导时间状语从句。 △before引导时间状语从句 before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了……（时间）才……”，“还没来得及……就……”或“在……之前”。 They walked about 30 miles before they saw a village. We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. △before常用于以下句型中： ⑴It was + 时间段+ before... “过了……才……”，从句常用一般过去时。 ⑵It was not long before ... “不久就……”，从句常用一般过去时。 ⑶It will not be long before... “不久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。 ⑷It will be + 时间段+ before... “要过……才……”，从句常用一般现在时。

It was five days before he came back. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. It will not be long before they understand each other. It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 练习： 1. It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 2. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before