心善 倡善 求善

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心善倡善求善

作者：刘瑾辉

来源：《新世纪图书馆》2015年第06期

摘要孟子以“四端”言人性善，具有以性统心，以心显性特点。陆九渊、王阳明进一步发展了孟子心性之学，认为心即性，性即心，认为人一念向善，心存良知，故人心向善，人具善念。善是孟子思想的基石，孟子的政治、哲学、伦理、教育、文艺思想的支点均为善。儒、释、道共同倡善；荀子强调抑恶从善；法家主张惩恶扬善；墨家倡平等之爱，善待生命；兵家坚持执中守正，以战逼和，不战而屈人之兵。善一直是中华民族的信仰与追求。

关键词心善性善倡善求善

分类号 B222.5

Abstract Mencius use Four Benevolent Souls to explain the Goodness of Human Nature which has the features of human nature controls the mind and the mind reveals human nature. Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming let Mencius? thoughts of mentality goes further. They believe that human nature and mind are the same. They still believe that human beings who have the tendency toward goodness also have innate knowledge. That are the reasons that human beings have goodness in their minds. Goodness is the basic of Mencius? theory. Mencius? political， philosophy， ethic， education and literary theories are based on Goodness. Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism advocate goodness；Xun Zi emphasizes to abandon badness so as to chase for goodness； the Legalist School insists to punish badness and encourage goodness； Mohist advocates love should regardless of rank and treasure life； the Militarist School insists to be impartial and to keep the world peace with a battle even to win wihout a battle. Goodness has always been the faith and pursuit of our nation.

Keywords Goodness in mind. Goodness in nature. Advocate Goodness. Pursuit Goodness.

1 人心向善

人性善恶问题，自孟、告之辩始，直至今日，人们依然在思考。

告子曰：“性犹湍水也，决诸东方则东流，决诸西方则西流。人性之无分于善不善也，犹水之无分于东西也。”孟子曰：“水信无分于东西，无分于上下乎？人性之善也，犹水之就下也。人无有不善，水无有不下。”[1]254

孟、告此处所辩之“性”，乃人之本然之性。告子认为人性本无所谓善恶，犹水也，引向东则东，引向西则西；换言之，引向善则善，引向恶则恶。孟子认为人性善犹水就下也，人性无有不善，犹水无有不下也。孟子在此只有结论，没有论证。