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高一英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨

高一英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

总的前提:必须要看懂文章。

再就是要首先确认题型是哪一类题型。

此内容包括:3种题材5种题型

(1)5种题型的认识

(2)5种题型的解答方法

(3)5种题型在文中一哪些形式出题,在文中哪些要注意分析

一,文章特点:高考英语考试中阅读理解语篇题材、体裁的多样化,

文章3文体:有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁,

题材:社会生活、政治、经济、文化、人物、故事、历史、新闻、

广告、科普等,贴近现代生活,有很强的时代感。

二,题目分析:阅读理解多项选择题主要有以下5种题型:

主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、、观点态度题、判断推理题等。

三,出题的目的:基于上述测试要点,学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能,才能获取和处理信息:1.略读;2.查读;3.预测下文;4.理解大

意;5.分清文章中的事实和观点;6.猜测词义7.推理判断;8,

了解重点细节;9理解文章结构; 10.理解图表信息;11.理解指代

关系;12.理解逻辑关系;13.理解作者意图;14.评价阅读内容。

四、(第一节)解题思路分析

(一)主旨大意题

阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现:

1. What is the best title for/of the passage?

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?

4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text?

概括主旨大意的方法有:

A:寻找主题句,有些段落大意在主题句上。

答案多在文章的首句或末句

主题句有的在句首,有的在段中,有的在段尾。

B:寻找关键词,有些段落大意就散落在关键词上。(略读或扫读)

将阅读重点放在首尾部分。(一则省时间,二则目标明确,正确率自然也相应

提高了)。

掌握了找主题句的方法,就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意。

1.以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。

2.过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。

3.把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。

(二)细节理解题

一、解题技巧方法:

在解这类题时,可采用“找关键词”的办法:

1.抓住题干的关键词,带着关键词在文中寻找,

(关键词可以是动词,名词为多,不定式或者形容词都可能。)

可在关键词下面画一直线以示突出。在原文出现关键词的地方也需打相同的记号。可以突出重点分析,提高准确率也节省时。

二、细节理解题题型主要有三种形式:问句式,不完整的陈述句和排

除法。

1.问句式(which型问句)

A.其发问形式主要有以下几种:

How did something happen?

Which of the following people should (not) do it?

Which of the following did somebody have to deal with... ?

Where should somebody do something?

2.不完整的陈述句式

A.常见形式有:

Something can be best classified as .

A certain kind of person is someone who .

People are looking for better ways to .

According to the author, “it”was caused by.

3.排除式

A.常见形式有:

Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?

Which of the following is TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT listed in ... ?

Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?

B.解题技巧:(广告类)

做这类题时,首先要仔细阅读题后的选项,牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容,然后查读读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的,我们可以在这些信息下面划线,以作为排除的内容。

三、细节题常在文章哪些地方设题。在这些地方要注意

列举处常考细节题

1、特别是Which型和Except型;

2、转折处和对比处常考

However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折:unlike, until, however, but等。

3、例子常考推断题和细节题

as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc.

4、数字和年代常考

文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。

5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考答案具有唯一性

must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.

6、专有名词常考

人名、地名等专有名词

7、细节处常考细节题

同位语,插入语,定语,长句的后半句,从句,副词,介词,不定式。

(三,)判断推理题

此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型,多属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。

1.推断型问题

命题包括以下动词:infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.

2. 对策:

1)根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断;

2)通过阅读某段或几段内容

3)注意:要根据文中内容进行推断,不能凭空猜测。

因果句常考推断题

因果连词:because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc

因果动词:cause, result in,originate from, etc

因果名词:base, basis, result, consequence. etc

解推断题应注意::

1. 不要脱离原文只凭自己的想象胡乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定要在文章找

到依据或理由,分析材料所提供的全部事实。

2. 特别重视文章的主旨,所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。

3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;

4.推理的根据来自于上下文

(四)观点态度题

常问作者对某事是什么态度:主观(subjective)还是客观(objecfive);肯定(positive)

还是否定(negative);赞成(approval)还是反对(oppsition)等等。解题的关键是要看

作者在文中用了什么样的口气。

解题方法:

确定作者态度,可以有两种思路:

1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题),可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形

容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度;

2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度,则可以定位到具体相关句,然后确定答案。

(五,)词义猜测题

猜词技巧

阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目,这些词、短语、习语要么是

生词,要么是熟词新义,单靠平时积累是不够的,还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下:

猜词的方法:

1.定义法

根据文中的定义、解释猜生词;利用事例或解释猜生词;利用重复解释的信息猜生词

2. 指代关系法

根据指代关系上下文的进行选择:文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提

到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。

3.转折关系

根据转折或对比关系进行判断:根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就

可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。

4.同位语

根据同位关系进行判断:阅读中有时出现新词、难词,后面就跟着一个同位语,对前面

的词进行解释,有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。

5.标点符号和提示词。

分号(;)还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。

四.猜答案能力

该部分主要考查联系上下文,综合分析文章的能力

解答此类试题时,同学们首先可以快速地阅读试题所给选项,明确其内容,寻找其关键词句。再对

关键词语进行详细分析,抓住信息点,仔细辨析备选选项,最后确定对应关系。

一般不是正确答案项:

绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。

正确答案项:

怀疑词判断法:选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。

一、正确解的十个特征:

1、体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的是解

2、照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的是解

3、含义不肯定的是解,如:can could may usually might most more or less

relatively be likely to

含义绝对的不是解:must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的是解

4、具体的不是解,概括性的、抽象的是解

5、带有some的是解:someone somebody sometime something certain

6、简单的不是解,复杂的是解,字面意思不是解,含义深刻的是解

7、带虚词的解:

another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough

8、“变化”是解:

change delay improve postpone increase

9、“重要的、基础的”是解:important necessity essential basis

be based on

初中语文阅读理解方法技巧(含精选练习及答案)

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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型

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